Nueva Vizcaya State University

College of Engineering
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Name
REVIEW MATH SOLID GEOMETRY
Course & Yr

POLYHEDRONS A. SOLIDS FOR WHICH VOLUME = BASE

V = AR 
Polyhedrons are solids whose faces are plane AREA X HEIGHT h
polygons 1. Prism n
Regular polyhedrons are those which have Prisms are polyhedron whose bases
identical faces (Platonic Solids) are equal polygons in parallel planes h + h +  + hn
AR = 1 2
1. Regular tetrahedron and whose sides are parallelograms n

2. Cylinders:
A cylinder is a surface generated by
a straight line intersecting and
2. Regular hexahedron The axis of a prism is the line joining moving along a closed plane curve,
the centroids of the bases. A right the directrix, while remaining parallel
prism is one whose axis is to a fixed straight line (called the
perpendicular to the base. The axis) that is not on or parallel to the
altitude of the prism is the distance plane of the directrix.
between the bases.
3. Regular octahedron

4. Regular dodecahedron
Volume: V = Ab h = AR L
Lateral Area: AL = PR L
Ab = area of the base Right Cylinder Oblique Cylinder
AR = area of right section
5. Regular icosahedron L = lateral edge
Volume: V = Ab h = AR L
PR = perimeter of right section
Lateral Area: AL = PR L
Rectangular Parallelepiped: Where AR = area of right section
Ab = area of base
L = lateral edge/slant height
Let m = number of polygons meeting at a
PR = perimeter of right
vertex
section
n = number of vertices of each polygon
h = height/altitude
f = number of faces of the polyhedron V = abc
e = number of edges of the polyhedron AL = 2(ac + bc) B. SOLIDS FOR WHICH VOLUME = 1/3 X
v = number of vertices of the polyhedron As = 2(ab + bc + ac) BASE AREA X HEIGHT
For any polyhedron: d1 = a 2 + b2
1. Pyramids
nf s= a 2 + b2 + c2 Pyramids are polyhedrons with a
Number of edges: e = Cube:
2 polygonal base and triangular faces
nf V = a3 that meet at a common point called
Number of vertices: v = AL = 4a 2
the vertex.
m
Radius of circumscribing sphere: As = 6a 2
3V d1 = a 2
r=
As s = a 3
Truncated Prism:
A prism with non-parallel bases.
V = 1
3
(A + A
1 2 + A1 A2 h ) Spherical Lune and Wedge:

Volume: V = 1
3
Ab h Frustum of a Right Circular Cone:
Ab = area of the base
H = altitude, perpendicular distance from
the vertex to the base Alune 4r 2 r 2
= orA =
 360o
lune
90o
Frustum of a Pyramid: Vwedge 4 3 r 3
r 3
Slant height: L = h2 + ( R − r )2 = orV =
 360o
wedge
270o
Lateral Area: AL =  ( R + r ) L Spherical Polygons:
A spherical polygon is a polygon on the
C. SPHERE surface of a sphere whose sides are arcs
of great circles.
n = no. of sides
E = spherical excess
V= 1
3
(A + A +
1 2 A1 A2 h) r = radius of sphere

r 2 E
2. Cones A=
180o
Cone is the surface generated by a
straight line, the generator, passing E = sum of angles - (n − 2)180o
through a fixed point, the vertex, and Spherical Pyramid:
moving along a fixed curve, the
r 3 E
directrix. V=
5400
Spherical Segment of One Base:

D. SOLIDS OF REVOLUTION (Theorems of

Pappus)
First Proposition of Pappus: The surface
area generated by a surface of revolution
Azone = 2rh equals the product of the length of the
Volume: V = 1
Ab h h 2 generating arc and the distance travelled
3 V= (3r − h) by its centroid.
3
Spherical Segment of Two Bases:

Right Circular Cone:

As = 2rh
Slant height: s = r 2 + h2
h As = LC
Volume: V = 13 r h
2 V= (3a 2 + 3b 2 + h 2 )
6 L = length of arc
Lateral Area: AL = rL Spherical Cone or Spherical Sector: C = Rx(angle of rotation in rad,  )
V = 13 Azone r If  = 360o , As = L( 2R )
Frustum of a Cone: 2 2 Second Proposition of Pappus: The
V = r h volume generated by a solid of revolution
3
equals the product of the generating area
and the distance traveled by the centroid.
V = AC = A( R rad ) as the squares of any two 9. A pyramid whose altitude is 7 ft weighs
If  = 360o , V = A(2R) corresponding sides. 800 pounds. At what distance from its
E. ELLIPSOID 2. The volumes of similar solids have base must it be cut by a plane parallel to
the same ratio as the cubes of two its base so that two solids equal weight
corresponding lines. will be formed.
a. 3.500 ft c. 1.444 ft
PRACTICE PROBLEMS: b. 5.556 ft d. 2.856 ft
1. A rectangular bin 4 feet long, 3 feet wide, 10. The surface area of a regular tetrahedron
and 2 ft high is solidly packed with bricks is 173.2 sq. cm. What is its altitude?
whose dimensions are 8 in. by 4 in. by 2 a. 8.2 cm c. 7.2 cm
4 in. Find the number of bricks in the bin. b. 9.6 cm d. 6.5 cm
V = abc a. 68 c. 648 11. The diameter of two spheres are in the
3 b. 386 d. 956 ratio 2:3. If the sum of their volumes is
Prolate Spheroid: Prolate spheroid is 2. The base edge of a regular hexagonal 1.260 cu.m, find the volume of the larger
formed by revolving an ellipse about its prism is 6 cm and its bases are 12 cm sphere.
major axis, thus, c = b, then apart. Find the volume in cu. cm. a. 972 cu.m c. 856 cu.m
4 a. 1563.45 c. 1896.37 b. 927 cu.m d. 865 cu.m
V = ab 2
3 b. 1058.45 d. 1122.37 12. A hemispherical bowl was filled to a depth
arcsin e 3. A trough has an open top 0.30 m by 6.0 of 6” with a mixture compounded from
As = 2b 2 + 2ab
e m and closed vertical ends which are equal parts of two liquids, one white and
equilateral triangles 30 cm on each side. the other black. After standing for a short
a2 − b2
e= It is filled with water to half its depth. Find time, the mixture separated, the black
a the volume of water in cubic meters. liquid setting below the white. If the
Oblate Spheroid: Oblate spheroid is a. 0.058 c. 0.037 thickness of the segment of white liquid is
formed by revolving an ellipse about its b. 0.046 d. 0.065 2”, find the volume of the liquid in the
minor axis, c = a, then 4. A frustum of a pyramid has an upper bowl.
4 base 100 m by 10 m and a lower base of a. 656.67 in3 c. 622.45 in3
V = a 2b
3 80 m by 8 m. If the altitude of the frustum b. 640.89 in3 d. 603.19 in3
b 2 1 + e is 5 m, find its volume. 13. An ice cream cone is filled with ice cream
As = 2a 2 + ln a. 4567.67 cu.m c. 4066.67 cu.m and more ice cream is placed on top. The
e 1− e
b. 3873.33 cu.m d. 2345.98 cu.m diameter of the hemisphere is equal to
F. PARABOLOID OF REVOLUTION 5. A circular cylinder is circumscribed about the diameter of the cone. If the
a right prism having a square base one hemispherical surface is equal to the
meter on an edge. The volume of the lateral surface of the cone, find the
cylinder is 6.283 cu.m. Find its altitude in volume of ice cream given that the radius
meters. of the hemisphere is 25 mm.
a. 5 c. 6 a. 64,055.47 mm3 c. 56,424.66 mm3
b. 4.5 d. 4 b. 67,119.33 mm3 d. 61,064.71 mm3
6. A solid spherical steel ball 20 cm in 14. A solid material in the form of a
1
V = r 2 h diameter is placed into a tall vertical rectangular parallelepiped, 4 m x 6 m x 8
2 cylinder containing water, causing the m, is painted blue. If you cut completely
4r  r 2 r  water level to rise by 10 cm. What is the through the whole block to form cubes 1
3

2
2 3

AL = 2  + h  −    radius of the cylinder? m on an edge, how many cubes will have
3h  4
   2  
a. 12.14 cm c. 10.28 cm blue faces?
b. 9.08 cm d. 11.55 cm a. 156 c. 87
G. PRISMATOID 7. A conical vessel one meter diameter at b. 112 d. 144
Prismoidal Formula: the top and 60 cm high holds salt at a 15. A prism with an altitude of 15 cm has a
depth of 36 cm from the bottom. How base in the form of a regular octagon
many cc of salt does it contain? inscribed in a square 10 cm x 10 cm. Find
a. 37.214 c.35.896 the volume of the prism.
h b. 33.929 d. 31.574 a. 1,435.66 cm3 c. 1,242.65 cm3
V= ( A1 + 4 Am + A2 )
6 8. A swimming pool is rectangular in shape b. 1,105.77 cm3 d. 1,327.39 cm3
of length 12 m and width 5.5 m. It has a 16. The base of a pyramid is a square 6 m on
sloping bottom and is 1 m deep at one its sides. If its axis 10 m long makes an
NOTE: A certain solid is a prismatoid if all
end and 3.6 m deep at the other end. The angle of 60o with the horizontal, find the
sections parallel to a certain bas are all similar.
water from a full cylindrical reservoir 3.6 volume of the pyramid.
m in diameter and 10 m deep is emptied a. 30 m3 c. 128.06 m3
SIMILAR SOLIDS:
into the pool. Find the depth of water at b. 84.72 m3 d. 103.92 m3
Two solids are similar if any two corresponding
the deep end. 17. If the surface area of a cube is increased
sides or planes are proportional. All spheres
a. 2.912 m c. 2.842 m by 20%, by how any percent is the
and cubes are similar.
b. 2.695 m d. 2.754 m volume increased?
1. The areas of similar figures or
a. 31.45% c. 52.12%
similar surfaces have the same ratio
b. 25.50% d. 19.58% a. 1356 cc c. 3423 cc 36. Given a right circular cone and a right
18. A cone having a radius of 1 m and an b. 4721 cc d. 7623 cc circular cylinder with the same radius and
altitude of 2.50 m has its axis vertical. It 27. A source of light is placed along the 20-m volume. If the cone is 18 cm tall, how tall
contains water to a depth of 0.50 m. If the line connecting the centers of two is the cylinder?
container is inverted, how deep is the spheres. If the radii of the spheres are 2 a. 9 cm c. 10 cm
water in it? m and 5 m, how far from the larger b. 6 cm d. 12 cm
a. 1.97 m c. 1.79 m sphere must the light be placed so that 37. A 20 cm high square pyramid is cut by a
b. 1.64 m d. 1.46 m the areas illuminated on the two spheres plane parallel to and 7 cm from its base.
19. The base of a truncated prism is a are equal? What is the ratio of the area of the new
rectangle with length twice its width. The a. 11.70 m c. 12.20 m smaller base to the base of the original
edges perpendicular to the base are 12 b. 0.80 m d. 1.30 m pyramid?
m, 12 m, 16 m, and 16 m, consecutively. 28. The lateral edge of a frustum of a regular a. 0.626 c. 0.268
If the volume of the truncated prism is pyramid is 1.8 m long. The upper base is b. 0.423 d. 0.639
8,200 m3, find the length of its base. square 1 m by 1 m and the lower base is 38. When a plane is cut from a right circular
a. 42.33 m c. 43.23 m 2.4 m x 2.4 m square. Determine the cone, the cut section can have the
b. 24.33 m d. 34.23 m volume of the frustum in cubic meters. following shape except:
20. The upper and lower radii of a frustum of a. 4.6 c. 5.7 a. rectangle b. ellipse
a right circular cone are 8 cm and 32 cm, b. 3.3 d. 6.5 b. circle c. triangle
respectively. If the altitude of the frustum 29. The volume of water in a spherical tank is 39. The volume of ta frustum of a rectangular
is 10 cm, how far from the bottom base 1470.265 cc. Determine the depth of pyramid is 79.17 m3. Its upper base is
must a cutting plane be made to form two water if the tank has a diameter of 30 cm. 2.50 m x 4 m and its altitude is 5 m. Find
similar frustums? a. 8 cm c. 4 cm the area of the lower base.
a. 6.67 cm c. 6.33 cm b. 6 cm d. 10 cm a. 32.50 m2 c. 22.50 m2
b. 3.33 cm d. 3.66 cm 30. Spherical balls 1.5 cm is diameter are b. 42.50 m 2 d. 62.50 m2
21. The bases of a certain solid measure 3 m packed in a box measuring 6 cm x 3 cm x 40. Given a cube of side 1 m. Find the
x 5 m and 13 m x 6 m. If the distance 3 cm. If as many balls as possible are volume of the cone inscribed in this cube
between the bases is 8 m, find its volume. packed in the box, how much free space with base of cone on one side of the
a. 340.00 m3 c. 358.67 m3 remains in the box? cube.
b. 339.21 m3 d. 351.70 m3 a. 28.41 cc c. 29.87 cc a. 0.393 m3 c. 0.196 m3
22. The frustum of a regular triangular b. 20.47 cc d. 25.73 cc b. 0.262 m3 d. 0.524 m3
pyramid has equilateral triangles for its 31. A cone was formed by rolling a thin sheet 41. The volume of a closed cylinder is
bases. The lower and upper base edges of metal in the form of a sector of a circle numerically equal to its lateral area. The
are 9 m and 3 m, respectively. If the 72 cm in diameter with a central angle of height is 10 m. Find the total surface area
volume is 118.2 cu.m, how far apart are 150o. Find the volume of the cone in cc. in m2.
the bases? a. 7733 c. 7744 a. 32 c. 52
a. 9 m c. 7 m b. 7722 d. 7711 b. 48 d. 60
b. 8 m d. 10 m 32. The cross section of a prismatoid is given 42. A spherical sector with central angle of
23. A circular cylinder is circumscribed about by A = y2 – 3Hy +5H2, where H is the 30o is cut from a sphere having a
a right prism having a square base one altitude and y is the distance from the diameter of 30 m. The volume of the
meter on an edge. The volume of the base to any cross section. If H = 16 m, spherical sector is:
cylinder is 6.283 cu.m. Find its altitude in find the volume of the prismatoid. a. 278 m3 c. 263 m3
m. a. 15,701.33 m3 c. 17,866.67 m3 b. 248 m 3 d. 241 m3
a. 5 c. 69.08 b. 12,352.33 m3 d. 20,877.33 m3 43. A sphere whose radius is 9 m is divided
b. 4.5 d. 4 33. The base diameter of a certain solid is 30 into three parts by two parallel planes.
24. A square hole 2” x 2” is cut through a 6- cm. Find the volume of the solid if every These planes are at equal distances 2 m
inch diameter log along its diameter and cutting plane perpendicular to a given from the center of the sphere. Find the
perpendicular to its axis. Find the volume diameter is an equilateral triangle. ratio of the volume of the middle part to
of wood that was removed. a. 3,897.11 cc c. 7,794.23 cc the volume of the lowest part.
a. 27.32 cu.in. c. 21.78 cu.in. b. 15,588.46 cc d. 11,691.34 cc a. 0.82 c. 1.03
b. 23.54 cu.in. d. 34.62 cu.in 34. The sides of a rectangular parallelepiped b. 0.90 d. 0.98
25. Using the Pappus Theorem, determine measure 3 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm. Find the 44. A frustum of a cone has an upper base
the volume generated by revolving the radius of the sphere that can circumscribe whose radius is 5 m and a lower base
area in the first and second quadrants this solid. whose radius is 7 m. Its altitude is 11 m.
bounded by the ellipse 4x2 + 25y2 = 100 a. 4.321 cm c. 7.812 cm What is the surface area?
and the x-axis, about the x-axis. b. 2.754 cm d. 3.905 cm a. 516.38 m2 c. 532.15 m2
a. 85.63 c. 95.35 35. A sphere having a volume of 2000 cc is b. 421.48 m2 d. 447.02 m2
b. 93.41 d. 83.78 cut by a plane 4 cm from its center. What 45. A conical buoy has a base diameter of
26. The corners of a cubical box touch the is the volume of the smaller segment cut 120 cm and a height of 2 m. It is
closed spherical shell that encloses it. by the plane? submerged in water with a draft of 1.50
The volume of the box is 2744 cc. What a. 352.45 cc c. 254.78 cc m. Find the volume submerged.
volume, in cc, inside the shell is not b. 299.36 cc d. 368.87 cc a. 0.3181 m3 c. 0.2318 m3
occupied by the block? b. 0.0118 m3 d. 0.1381 m3