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The document discusses: 1) Design codes and loads for structural design 2) Two design methods - working stress design and strength design 3) Requirements for member proportions and beam design according to design codes 4) Ductility requirements for earthquake-resistant structures

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62 views

RC 2

The document discusses: 1) Design codes and loads for structural design 2) Two design methods - working stress design and strength design 3) Requirements for member proportions and beam design according to design codes 4) Ductility requirements for earthquake-resistant structures

Uploaded by

Aya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Design Codes

ACI-318 (American Concrete Institute)


NSCP 6th ed 2010
(National Structural Code of the
Philippines)
Loads
Types of Loads
Gravity
Lateral
Loads
Types of Loads
Gravity
Dead Load – Permanent on the structure
Weight of the structure (selfweight)
Superimposed Dead Load (SDL)
Ceiling

Partitions

Floor Finishes

Topping (for Concrete Slabs)

Water Proofing (if applicable)


Loads
Types of Loads
Gravity
Live Load – Semi-Permanent on the structure
Depends on intent of use on the area by the Architect.
(Functionality)
As per NSCP 2010
Residential – 1.9 KPa (40psf)

Offices – 2.4KPa (50psf)

Assembly Areas – 4.8 KPa (100psf)

Commercial Areas – 4.8 KPa

Storage 4.8 – 12 KPa

Roof – 0.76 KPa


Loads
Types of Loads
Gravity
Lateral
Seismic Loads
Wind Loads
Design Method
Working Stress Design Method
A structural design method whereby a structural element is
designed so that the unit stresses computed under the action of
working or service loads do not exceed the specified allowable
values.
Actual Stresses Actual Stresses < Allowable Stresses

A structure is analyzed by the Elastic Theory.


Strength Design Method
The STRENGTH of members is computed at ultimate capacity
Load Factors are applied to the loads
Internal forces are computed from the factored loads
Required Strength Required Strength << Actual Strength
Design Method
Differences in Load Factors
Gravity Load combinations
1.0 DL + 1.0 LL – WSD
1.2 DL + 1.6 LL - SD
Combinations with Seismic Loading
1.0 DL + EQ/1.4 – WSD
1.2 DL + f1 LL + 1.0 EQ - SD
Design Method
Using Strength Design will always
result in smaller sections and less
reinforcement.
Using Working Stress Design will result
in a more conservative albeit a more
expensive structure.
Member Proportioning for
Earthquake Resistant Structures
From NSCP 2010.
Sect 421.5.1.2: Clear span for members shall not be less
than four times its depth.

Sect 421.5.1.3: Width of member (bw) shall not be less


than the smaller of 0.3h and 250mm.

Sect 421.5.1.4: The width of a member shall not exceed


the width of the supporting member, c2 plus a distance on
each side of the supporting member equal to the smaller of
Width of the supporting member c2, and
0.75 times the overall dimension of supporting member c1
Design of Rectangular Beams
WSD

W in KN/m

T T
Cracks will appear at midspan starting
from the bottom of the section
Design of Rectangular Beams
WSD

W in KN/m

L
fc
C
kd
NA
d
h jd
d -kd
As T
fs/n
b
Formulas derived from the stress diagram
(Beams Reinforced for Tension Only)
Constants
Where:
. n n = Es/Ec
. k= Es = 200GPa
n + (fs/fc)
Ec = from Session 1 slide
fc = 0.45fc’
fc’= in Mpa
fs = tensile stress on steel (Mpa)

• If reinforcement ratio is provided


Where:
k= (ρn)2 + 2ρn - ρn ρ = reinforcement ratio
= As/bd
As = total area of reinforcement provided

j = 1 – k/3
The Total Compression force and Tension force
C = (fc/2) (kd)( b) T = As fs
– k/3
Compressive Stress on Concrete given the Moment and Reinforcement

2M
fc = k j bd2 M = ½ fc k j bd2

Mc = R bd2

Moment carried by Concrete


Tesnile Stress on Steel given the Moment and Reinforcement

M Normally fs = 40% fy
fs = As j d

M
As = fs j d

Required Reinforcement

This can also be expressed as

Ms = As fs j d

Moment carried by ReBars


Design of Rectangular Beams
Examples
What is the required reinforcement of a joist
6m in length with a uniform spacing of 3m on
center if the DL=6.5 Kn/m2 (including the
weight of the beam) and the LL = 2.0 Kn/m2.
Use beam dimension 300x600 and constants
n=12, fc’=21Mpa and fy=275Mpa. Available
bar diameter is 28mm. Assume the beam to
be simply supported.
Ductility Requirements for
Earthquake Resistant Structures
From NSCP 2010.
Sect 421.5.2.1: At any section of a flexural member, except as
provided by Sect 410.6.3, for top as well as for bottom
reinforcement, the amount of reinforcement shall not be less
than that given by Eq 410-3 but not less than 1.4bwd/fy,
and the reinforcement ratio ρ shall not exceed 0.025. At least
two bars shall be provided both top and bottom.
Sect 410.6.3: The requirements of Sect 410.6.1 and 410.6.2
(formulas for As) need not be applied if at every section, As provided is
at least one-third greater than that required by analysis.

ρmin = 1.4/fy ρmax = .025


or
1.30 ρcomputed
Design of Rectangular Beams
Examples
Design a section of a concrete beam for
tension only. The beam is simply supported
on a span of 6m and carries a load of
18KN/m. Use ACI specs with fc’=17.2Mpa,
fs=124MPa n=12. Assume b=d/2.
Design of Rectangular Beams
Examples
A beam (b=300mm, h=625mm, d=575) is
reinforced with 3-25mm reinforcing bars.
Determine the stresses within the beam
caused by a 122Kn-m moment on the beam.
Fc’=28 Mpa, fy=414 Mpa n=8.

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