Proje ct Be ton Pg.

1. BEAM-005

One span beam in composite loading

(EC2 EN1992-1-1:2004, EC0 EN1990:2002, ) b d C2
As2
M Ed
Fcd
Reinforced concrete design NEd
h d

VEd
Concrete-Steel class: C25/30-B500C (EC2 §3)
Environmental class : XC2 (EC2 §4.4.1) As1 S1
Fsd
Concrete cover : Cnom=35 mm (EC2 §4.4.1) Cnom d
Concrete weight : 25.0 kN/m³
γc=1.50, γs=1.15 (EC2 Table 2.1N)
fcd=αcc·fck/γc=1.00x25/1.50=16.67 MPa (EC2 §3.1.6)
fctd=αct·fctk0.05/γc=1.00x1.8/1.50=1.20 MPa (EC2 §3.1.6)
fyd=fyk/γs=500/1.15=435 MPa (EC2 §3.2.7)
Modulus of elasticity of concrete Ecm=31.0GPa

2. Dimensions and loads

Beam : (rectangular section), span L=8.200 m

L=8.200m, bw=0.800m, h=0.300m
Partial safety factors for actions : γG=1.35, γQ=1.50 (EC0 Annex A1)
Combination of variable actions : ψ0=0.70, ψ1=0.60, ψ2=0.30
Effective depth of cross section d=h-d1, d1=Cnom+ Æ s+0.5 Æ =35+8+0.5x16=51mm

g1,q1 kN/m
Beam loads
beam self weight go= 6.00kN/m g2,q2 kN/m
uniform load g1= 8.00kN/m q1= 0.00kN/m
triangular load g2= 0.00kN/m q2= 0.00kN/m g3,q3 kN/m

triangular load g3= 0.00kN/m q3= 0.00kN/m

g4,q4 kN/m
triangular load g4= 0.00kN/m q4= 0.00kN/m
G1,Q1 kN
concentrated load G1= 0.00kN Q1= 0.00kN x1= 0.000m
concentrated load G2= 0.00kN Q2= 0.00kN x2= 0.000m G2,Q2 kN

Cross section values (area A, moment of inertia Iyy, centroid zc)

Span-1 L= 8.200m, A=0.24000m²(2.40E+005mm²), Iyy=0.00180m 4 (1.80E+009mm 4 ), zc=0.000m(0mm)

3. Ultimate limit state (ULS) (EC2 EN1992-1-1:2004, §6.1)

Load (STR) qed=γG·g+γQ·q=1.35g+1.50q

4. Design actions, shearing forces and bending moments, Ultimate limit state (ULS)

Bending moments and shears, load combination 1.35g+1.50q

x/L=0.00, x= 0.00m, Med= -105.90 kNm, Ved= 77.49 kN

x/L=0.10, x= 0.82m, Med= -48.72 kNm, Ved= 61.99 kN Med
x/L=0.20, x= 1.64m, Med= -4.24 kNm, Ved= 46.49 kN
x/L=0.30, x= 2.46m, Med= 27.53 kNm, Ved= 31.00 kN
x/L=0.40, x= 3.28m, Med= 46.60 kNm, Ved= 15.50 kN
x/L=0.50, x= 4.10m, Med= 52.95 kNm, Ved= 0.00 kN
x/L=0.60, x= 4.92m, Med= 46.60 kNm, Ved= -15.50 kN
x/L=0.70, x= 5.74m, Med= 27.53 kNm, Ved= -31.00 kN Ved
x/L=0.80, x= 6.56m, Med= -4.24 kNm, Ved= -46.49 kN
x/L=0.90, x= 7.38m, Med= -48.72 kNm, Ved= -61.99 kN
x/L=1.00, x= 8.20m, Med= -105.90 kNm, Ved= -77.49 kN
* Zero moments values at x1=1.804 m a x2=6.314m

BETONexpress Fe ne rbahce 1
software by RUNET (c)
01/10/2024 4:37:51 AM
Proje ct Be ton Pg. 2

VedA= 77.49 kN, VedB= 77.49 kN, maxMed= 105.90 kNm, maxVed= 77.49 kN
Maximum moments: span Med=52.95kNm (x=4.100m), support MedA=-105.90kNm, support MedB=-105.90kNm
Maximum moments at support face (bsup=0.200m) MedA=-99.61 kNm, MedB=-99.61 kNm
Maximum shear forces at distance d from support face
Span-A, b/2+d=0.349m, VedA= 71.29kN, VedB= 71.29kN
Span-A, b/2 =0.100m, VedA= 75.94kN, VedB= 75.94kN

5. Span Ultimate limit state (ULS), design for bending (EC2 EN1992-1-1:2004, §6.1, §9.2.1)

Effective depth of cross section d1=Cnom+ Æ s+0.5 Æ =35+8+0.5x16=51mm, d2=51mm, d=300-51=249mm

Reinforcement for bending (only tension reinforcement is needed)
Med= 52.95kNm bw=800mm d=249mm Kd= 3.06 x/d=0.10 εc2/εs1=-2.1/20.0 ks=2.39, As1= 5.07cm²
Minimum longitudinal tension reinf., As>=0.26bd·fctm/fyk, (As,min= 2.69cm²) (EC2 §9.2.1.1.1)
Maximum tension or compression reinf., As<=0.04Ac , (As,max= 96.0cm²) (EC2 §9.2.1.1.3)
Reinforcement for bending: 4 Æ 1 6 ( 8.04cm²) (bottom)

6. Support-A Ultimate limit state (ULS), design for bending (EC2 EN1992-1-1:2004, §6.1, §9.2.1)

Effective depth of cross section d1=Cnom+ Æ s+0.5 Æ =35+8+0.5x16=51mm, d2=51mm, d=300-51=249mm

Reinforcement for bending (only tension reinforcement is needed)
Med=-99.61kNm bw=800mm d=249mm Kd= 2.23 x/d=0.16 εc2/εs1=-3.5/18.5 ks=2.46, As2= 9.85cm²
Minimum longitudinal tension reinf., As>=0.26bd·fctm/fyk, (As,min= 2.69cm²) (EC2 §9.2.1.1.1)
Maximum tension or compression reinf., As<=0.04Ac , (As,max= 96.0cm²) (EC2 §9.2.1.1.3)
Reinforcement for bending: 5 Æ 1 6 (10.05cm²) (top)

7. Support-B Ultimate limit state (ULS), design for bending (EC2 EN1992-1-1:2004, §6.1, §9.2.1)

Effective depth of cross section d1=Cnom+ Æ s+0.5 Æ =35+8+0.5x16=51mm, d2=51mm, d=300-51=249mm

Reinforcement for bending (only tension reinforcement is needed)
Med=-99.61kNm bw=800mm d=249mm Kd= 2.23 x/d=0.16 εc2/εs1=-3.5/18.5 ks=2.46, As2= 9.85cm²
Minimum longitudinal tension reinf., As>=0.26bd·fctm/fyk, (As,min= 2.69cm²) (EC2 §9.2.1.1.1)
Maximum tension or compression reinf., As<=0.04Ac , (As,max= 96.0cm²) (EC2 §9.2.1.1.3)
Reinforcement for bending: 5 Æ 1 6 (10.05cm²) (top)

8. Ultimate limit state (ULS), Design for shear (EC2 EN1992-1-1:2004, §6.2, §9.2.2)

Shear capacity without shear reinforcement Vrdc (EC2 §6.2.2)

Vrdc=[Crdc·k·(100ρ1·fck) 0.33 +k1·σcp]·bw·d (EC2 Eq.6.2.a)
Vrdc>=(vmin+k1·σcp)·bw·d (EC2 Eq.6.2.b)
Crdc=0.18/γc=0.18/1.50=0.120, fck=25MPa ,bw=800mm, d=249mm
k=1+ Ö (200/d)<=2, k=1.90, k1=0.15
ρ1=As1/(bw·d)=804/(800x249)=0.0040
1.50
vmin=0.0350·k · Ö fck = 0.46N/mm², (EC2 Eq.6.3N)
Vrd,c(min)=0.001x(0.46)x800x249=91.63kN
Vrdc=0.001x[0.120x1.90x(0.40x25) 0.33 ]x800x249=97.85kN
Ved=71.29 kN <= Vrdc=97.85 kN, Ved<=Vrdc shear reinforcement is not needed

Concrete strut capacity Vrdmax (EC2 §6.2.3 Eq.6.9)

Vrdmax=αcw·bw·z·ν1·fcd/(cotθ+tanθ), Ved/max(Vrdmax)=0.09, θ=21.8° cotθ=2.50 tanθ=0.40
αcw=1.00 z=0.9d, fck=25.0<=60Mpa ν1=0.6[1-fck/250]=0.6[1-25/250]=0.540, fcd=16.67Mpa
Vrdmax=0.001x1.00x800x0.9x249x0.540x16.67/2.90=556.5 kN

Minimum links for shear reinforcement (EC2 §9.2.2)

Minimum shear reinforcement ratio ρw,min (EC2 Eq.9.5N)
ρw,min=(0.08x(fck) 0.5 /fyk, fck=25N/mm², fyk=500N/mm², ρw,min=0.0008
min Asw/s=10x0.0008x800xsin(90°)= 6.40cm²/m

Maximum longitudinal spacing of links slmax=0.75d (<=600mm)=185mm (EC2 §9.2.2.6, Eq.9.6N)

Maximum transverse spacing of link legs stmax=0.75d (<=600mm)=185mm (§9.2.2.8, Eq.9.8N)

Minimum shear reinforcement 3Æ 8/18.5 (Asw/s=16.31cm²/m)

Span Shear reinforcement: 3 Æ 8 / 1 8 . 5 (Asw/s=16.31cm²/m)

BETONexpress Fe ne rbahce 2
software by RUNET (c)
01/10/2024 4:37:51 AM
Proje ct Be ton Pg. 3

9. Design actions, shearing forces and bending moments, Serviceability limit state (SLS)

Bending moments and shears, load combination 1.00g+0.30q

x/L=0.00, x= 0.00m, Med= -78.45 kNm, Ved= 57.40 kN

x/L=0.10, x= 0.82m, Med= -36.09 kNm, Ved= 45.92 kN
x/L=0.20, x= 1.64m, Med= -3.14 kNm, Ved= 34.44 kN
x/L=0.30, x= 2.46m, Med= 20.40 kNm, Ved= 22.96 kN
x/L=0.40, x= 3.28m, Med= 34.52 kNm, Ved= 11.48 kN
x/L=0.50, x= 4.10m, Med= 39.22 kNm, Ved= 0.00 kN
x/L=0.60, x= 4.92m, Med= 34.52 kNm, Ved= -11.48 kN
x/L=0.70, x= 5.74m, Med= 20.40 kNm, Ved= -22.96 kN
x/L=0.80, x= 6.56m, Med= -3.14 kNm, Ved= -34.44 kN
x/L=0.90, x= 7.38m, Med= -36.09 kNm, Ved= -45.92 kN
x/L=1.00, x= 8.20m, Med= -78.45 kNm, Ved= -57.40 kN

Maximum moments: span Med=39.22kNm (x=4.100m), support MedA=-78.45kNm, support MedB=-78.45kNm

10. Serviceability limit state (SLS) (EC2 EN1992-1-1:2004, §7)

L=8.200m, b=0.800m, h=0.300m, d=0.249m

Leff=8.200m, , Med(SLS)=39.22 kNm
Final creep coefficient φ( ¥ ,tο)=2.50 (EC2 §3.1.4, Annex B)
Total shrinkage strain εcs=-0.30‰
γc=1.00, γs=1.00 (EC2 §2.4.2.4.2)
Modulus of elasticity of concrete Ecm=31.0GPa, Eceff=31.0/(1+2.50)=8.86GPa=8860MPa (EC2 Eq.7.20)
Modulus of elasticity of steel Es=200GPa=200000MPa
Modular ratio Es/Ec=200/31.0=6.45, effective Es/Ec,eff=200/8.86=22.57
Tension reinforcement: 4Æ 16 ( 8.04cm²) , Compression reinforcement: 4Æ 14 ( 6.16cm²)
Reinforcement ratio ρ=Αs1/(b·d)=804/(800x249)=0.004, ρ'=Αs2/(b·d)=616/(800x249)=0.003

10.1. State I (uncracked section) (SLS)

Bending stiffness of uncracked section, EI=(200/22.57)x(0.001x2.269)=20103 kNm²
Ai=Ac+(n-1)(As1+As2), e=(n-1)(As1·y1s-As2·y2s)/Ai, I=Ic+b·h·e²+(As1·y1s²+As2·y2s²)(n-1)
S=As.y2s=(0.001)²x804x0.100=(0.001)x0.080 m³ , y2=151mm, y2s=y2-d2=151-51=100mm (EC2 Eq.7.21)
Curvature due to moment 1/rM=39.22/20103=(0.001)x1.951 (1/m)
Curvature due to shrinkage 1/rcs=(0.001x0.30)x22.57x(0.080/2.269)=(0.001)x0.240(1/m)
Total curvature 1/r=(0.001)x1.951+(0.001)x0.240=(0.001)x2.191(1/m)
Cracking moment, Mcr=fctm·(I/y2)=2.6x(2.269/0.151)=39.06 kNm

10.2. State II (fully cracked section) (SLS)

ρ=0.004, ρ'=0.003, ρ'/ρ=0.750, n=αe=22.57, n·ρ=0.090, ξ=0.619, α=0.310, x=α·d=0.077m
Bending stiffness of fully cracked section, EI=ξ·Es·As·d²=0.619x200x804x0.249²=6173 kNm²
y2=(1-α)d=172mm, εs=y2·M/EI=(0.001)x172x39.22/6173=1.09
S=As.y2=(0.001)²x804x0.172=(0.001)x0.138 m³ (EC2 Eq.7.21)
Curvature due to moment 1/rM=39.22/6173=(0.001)x6.354 (1/m)
Curvature due to shrinkage 1/rcs=(0.001x0.30)x22.57x(0.138/0.697)=(0.001)x0.412(1/m)
Total curvature 1/r=(0.001)x6.354+(0.001)x0.412=(0.001)x6.766(1/m)
Med=39.22 kNm, εc/εs=0.49/1.09, x=77mm, σs=218 N/mm²

10.3. Checking deflections without calculation (SLS) (EC2 EN1992-1-1:2004, §7.4.2)

l/d=K[11+1.5 Ö fck(ρo/ρ)+3.2 Ö fck(ρo/ρ-1) 3/2 ]=33.56 (EC2 Eq.7.16a)

fck=25.00N/mm², ρο=0.001x Ö 25.00=0.005, ρ=0.004, ρ'=0.002, ρ<=ρo, K=1.5
l/d=(310/σs)x(l/d), σs=218 N/mm², l/d=(310/218)x33.56=47.66 (EC2 Eq.7.17)
leff/d=8.200/0.249=32.93 <= 47.66, Span/depth under limits

10.4. Checking deflections by calculation (SLS) (EN1992-1-1, §7.4.3)

ζ=1-0.50·(Mcr/Med)²=1-0.50x(39.06/39.22)²=0.50 (Eq.7.19)
Final curvature (1/r)=0.50x(0.001x6.766)+(1-0.50)x(0.001x2.191)=(0.001)x4.498(1/m) (Eq.7.18)
β=(Ma+Mb)/Mc=(78.45+78.45)/39.22=4.00, k=0.104(1-4.00/10)=0.0624
f=k·Leff²·(1/r)=0.0624x8.200²x4.498=18.87 mm
f=18.87mm <= 1000x8.200/250=32.80mm, Deflection under limits

BETONexpress Fe ne rbahce 3
software by RUNET (c)
01/10/2024 4:37:51 AM
Proje ct Be ton Pg. 4

10.5. Minimum reinforcement areas (SLS) (EC2 EN1992-1-1:2004, §7.3.2)

Minimum reinforcement areas As,min=kc·k·fct,eff·Act/σs (EC2 Eq.7.1)

b=0.800m, beff=0.800m, h=0.300m, d=0.249m, x=0.077m, Æ =16mm
Ned=0.00kN, σc=(Ned/bh)=0.0N/mm², σs=fyd=435N/mm²
Act=(h-x)·b=(300-77)x800=178238 mm²
max(h,b1)=0mm, fctm=2.60N/mm², Act=178238mm², k=1.00, kc=0.40, k1=1.50
Minimum reinforcement, As,min=0.40x1.00x2.60x178238/435=426mm²

10.6. Calculation of crack width (SLS) (EC2 EN1992-1-1:2004, §7.3.3)

wk=sr,max·(εsm-εcm) (EC2 Eq.7.8)

εsm-εcm=[σs-kt·(fct,eff/ρeff)(1+αe·ρeff)]/Es >=0.6 σs/Es (EC2 Eq.7.9)
σs=218N/mm², short term loading:Es/Ec=6.45, kt=0.6, long term loading:Es/Ec=22.57, kt=0.4
Aceff=0.333(h-x)b=0.333x(300-77)x800=59353 mm² (§7.3.2.3)
ρeff=As/Ac,eff=804/59353=0.014
εsm-εcm=[218-0.4x(2.6/0.014)(1+22.57x0.014)]/200=0.59‰ >= 0.6x218/200=0.65‰
sr,max=k3·(Cnom+ Æ s)+k1·k2·k4· Æ / ρeff (EC2 Eq.7.11)
Æ =16mm, k1=0.8, k2=(e1+e2)/2e1=0.5, k3=3.4, k4=0.425
sr,max=3.4x43.00+0.8x0.5x0.425x16/0.014=347.00 mm
wk=sr,max·(εsm-εcm)=347.00x0.001x0.65=0.23 mm
wk=0.23mm<=0.30mm=wmax, Environmental class: XC2, Crack width under limit

11. Reinforcing bar schedule

Num type reinforcing bar [mm] items g/m length weight

[kg/m] [m] [kg]

8860
1 (Span-1) 1 4 16 1.580 8.860 56.00
8330
2 (Span-1) 8 4 14 1.210 8.330 40.32
4550
3 (Supp-A) 2 5 16 1.580 4.550 35.95
4710
4 (Supp-B) 2 5 16 1.580 4.710 37.21
80 720
5 (Span-1) 9 80 210 720 210 44 8 0.395 2.020 35.11
80 480
6 (Span-1) 9 80 210 480 210 44 8 0.395 1.540 26.77
80 480
7 (Span-1) 9 80 210 480 210 44 8 0.395 1.540 26.77

Total weight [kg] 258.13

BETONexpress Fe ne rbahce 4
software by RUNET (c)
01/10/2024 4:37:51 AM