Teaching Dates Quarter 1 Week 4 September 14-18, 2020

I. Learning Competencies:
MELC Q1 – 5: Analyze the figure of speech and other literary devices in a text

Achieve it! Specific Objectives

At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
1. explain the importance of using figurative language in a
literary text;
2. differentiate the basic types of figures of speech and other
literary devices used in a text, and;
3. identify the figures of speech and other literary devices used
in a text.

II. Content: Figures of Speech and Literary Devices

TOPICS/SUBTOPICS/KEY Descriptions References

TERMS

A. Figures of Speech Is language that goes beyond its Probst, R. E.,

literal meaning to create a special Anderson R., Brinnin
effect by expressing words in distinct J. M., Leggett J., &
ways. It is usually used in literary Vacca, R., (2000).
texts to create vivid pictures and Elements of
atmosphere, detailed, emotions, Literature. Holt,
emphasis and clarity of expression Rinehart and
and style to convey the author’s Winston: Austin,
message to its readers. Texas, USA
Menoy, J., Creative
Writing

B. Types of Figures of Hyperbole- uses an incredible Probst, R. E.,

Speech exaggeration, or overstatement, for Anderson R., Brinnin
effect J. M., Leggett J., &
Irony- a discrepancy between Vacca, R., (2000).
appearances and reality Elements of
Metaphor- makes a comparison Literature. Holt,
between two unlike things without Rinehart and
the use of specific words of Winston: Austin,
comparison as like or as. Texas, USA
Onomatopoeia- The use of words
whose sounds inanimate suggests
its meaning.
Oxymoron- combines opposite or
contradictory terms in brief phrase.
Paradox- a statement that appears
self-contradictory but that reveals a
kind of truth.
Personification- an object or animal Menoy, J., Creative
is given human feelings, thoughts, or Writing
attitudes.
Simile- makes an explicit
comparison between two unlike
things, using words such as like or
as.
Synecdoche- A figure of speech in
which a part represents the whole.

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C. Other Literary Devices Symbolism refers to the use of Menoy, J., Creative
objects, events or situations to Writing
represent something else-a broader
message or a deeper meaning that
differs from its literal meaning.
Imagery is the creation of a picture
or images in the mind of the reader/s
by the use of words that appeal to
the senses.

a) References:
Probst, R. E., Anderson R., Brinnin J. M., Leggett J., & Vacca, R., (2000). Elements of
Literature. Holt, Rinehart and Winston: Austin, Texas, USA
Menoy, J., Creative Writing

b) Other online sources:

• https://www.education.com/worksheet/article/writing-workout-
figurative-language/
• https://www.dvusd.org/cms/lib/AZ01901092/Centricity/Domain/2891/Gawain%
20Symbols.pdf

III. Procedure:

A. Reviewing of Previous Lesson or Presenting the New Lesson

Activate it!

Activity #1 Directions: Go over the words written inside the idea box. Which among the
following words will be placed under POST A (Elements), POST B (Literary Devices) and
POST C (Literary Approaches)?

IDEA BOX

Plot Point of View

Flashback Feminism
Symbolism Theme
Formalism Setting
Marxism Reader-Response
Character Irony
Imagery Socialism

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B. Establishing a Purpose for the Lesson

Activate it!

Activity #2 Directions: Read the following sentences below. Identify which sentences
are literal or figurative by writing ―L‖ or an ―F‖ before each one on the line provided.

______1. The night sky is full of dancing stars.

______2. I stayed up late last night, I’m so tired!
______3. The darkness surrounded them with a cold embrace.
______4. She was a prisoner in her own home.
______5. Life has happy times, and sad times.
______6. Filipinos are generally more easy going than other Asians.
______7. I’m seriously starving that I could eat the whole canteen.
______8. Her hair was a flowing golden river streaming down her shoulders.
______9. And therefore I went forth with hope and fear into the wintry forest of our life.
______10. Kapampangan language is one of the eight major languages of the
Philippines.

Dive into it!

Word meanings can be classified into two, namely, literal and figurative language. Literal
language relies on the real definition of words and phrases, or their literal meanings. It means
exactly what is says. Figurative language, on the other hand, relies on the implied meanings or
they have deeper meanings.

C. Presenting Examples/Instances of the Lesson

Do it!

Activity #3 Directions: Identify what are the figures of speech being described in some of the
sample lyrics of songs given below.

SONG LYRICS FIGURE OF SPEECH

1. I'm just a little bit caught in the middle

Life is a maze and love is a riddle
I don't know where to go, can't do it alone, I've tried
and I don't know why

The Show By Lenka

2. You make me smile like the sun
Fall out of bed, sing like a bird
Dizzy in my head, spin like a record
Crazy on a Sunday night
You make me dance like a fool
Forget how to breathe
Shine like gold, buzz like a bee
Just the thought of you can drive me wild
Oh, you make me smile

You Make Me Smile Lyrics By Uncle Kracker

3. I got the eye of the tiger, a fighter

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Dancing through the fire
'Cause I am a champion, and you're gonna hear
me roar
Louder, louder than a lion
'Cause I am a champion, and you're gonna hear
me roar!

Roar By Katy Perry

4. I'd climb every
mountain And swim every
ocean Just to be with you
And fix what I've broken
Oh, 'cause I need you to
see That you are the reason

You Are The Reason by

5. Cause all of me, loves all of you
Love your curves and all your
edges All your perfect imperfections

All of Me by John Legend

6. Skies are crying, I am watching
Catching teardrops in my hands

Skyscraper by Demi Lovato

7. I have died every day, waiting for you
Darling, don't be afraid, I have loved you for
a thousand years
I'll love you for a thousand more

Thousand Years By Christina Perri

8. I'm just a little bit caught in the middle
Life is a maze and love is a riddle
I don't know where to go, can't do it
alone I've tried and I don't know why

The Show By Lenka

9. I feel something so right
Doing the wrong thing
I feel something so wrong
But doing the right thing
I could lie, could lie, could lie
Everything that kills me makes me feel alive

Counting Stars by OneRepublic

D. Discussing New Concepts

Figures of Speech are connotative presentations of words to produce literary effect. Figures of
speech can be a word or phrase that describes one thing in terms of another and that is not
meant to be taken literally.
Here are some of the examples:
Type of Figure of Speech Definition Examples
Simile It is used when an Life is like a game.
object is compared to Your love is like the
another object, and sun.

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usually uses the words Your lips are red as
―like‖ or ―as.‖ roses.
Metaphor It is a comparison of two Life is a game.
unrelated objects for their Your lips are roses.
shared qualities. Life is a rosary full of
mystery.
Hyperbole It is a complete The orphaned child
exaggeration of cried an ocean of
something to make a tears.
point or an emphasis. Cowards die a
thousand times.
Personification It is the attribution to an Money talks.
inanimate object of human-like Earth with her
characteristics and actions. thousand voices
praises God.
Onomatopoeia It is the use of words that seem In the field, birds chirp,
to copy the sounds of things or cows moo, dogs bark,
actions. cats meow, snakes
hiss.
Irony It is the use of words that You’re so lovely today;
expresses a meaning that is you look like a
opposite of its literal meaning. Christmas tree.
For Brutus is an
honorable man.
Oxymoron It is a figure of speech in which What you have
two contradicting terms appear prepared for dinner
together. was terribly good.
She felt that it was time
for this bittersweet
relationship to end.
Paradox A seemingly self-contradictory The more you hate, the
statement which can be proven more you love.
true. The whole is greater
than the sum of its
parts.
Synecdoche When a part of something is I feed seven mouths.
used to represent its entirety; the (for persons)
whole to its parts; and specific to He has his new
general. wheels. (for car)

E. Continuation of the discussion of new concepts

Poetry is that broad genre of literature that is written in stanza form. It is characterized by a
regular rhythmic pattern, rhyme, horizontal; and/or vertical measure, imagery, symbolism, and
figurative language.

Literary Devices
Conventional Symbols

A symbol is a setting, object, character, or event in poetry that carries more than the literal
meaning and therefore represents something significant to understanding the meaning of a work
of literature. In other words, symbols always have a literal (concrete) meaning and a figurative
(abstract) meaning. Conventional symbols have a previously agreed upon meaning.
COLORS ANIMALS
Red: blood, passion, emotion, danger, or daring Dove : peace, purity,
Black: passivity, death, evil Lion: strength, power, authority
White: innocence, purity, light Owl : wisdom

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SETTINGS OBJECTS
Forest: usually a place of evil or mystery Skull: death
Desert: isolation: alienation, loneliness Crown: wealth
Garden: paradise of a haven Sword: protection, strength

WEATHER NATURE
Fog/Mist: isolation; confusion, obscurity Spring: birth, new beginning
Rain: sadness or despair Summer: maturity, knowledge
Wind and storms: violent human emotions Winter: death, sleep, or stagnation
Lightning : power and strength Autumn: decline, growing old

Imagery and Sensory Experience

Imagery is the creation of a picture or images in the mind of the reader/s by the use of words
that appeal to the senses. To create imageries, a poet makes use of his sensory experiences.
He recalls what he perceives through his eyes, ears, nose, tongue hand, skin and other sensory
organs.

Visual Imagery The imagery that produced by the use of use

of words that appeal to the sense of sight, as
in dark, scintillating, and neon signs.

Auditory Imagery The imagery that produced by the use of use

of words that appeal to the sense of hearing,
as in loud, explosion, and creaking.

Olfactory Imagery The imagery that produced by the use of use

of words that appeal to the sense of smell,
as in odorous, fragrant, and stinks.

Gustatory Imagery The imagery that produced by the use of use

of words that appeal to the sense of taste, as
in succulent, sour, and flavorful.
Tactile Imagery The imagery that produced by the use of use
of words that appeal to the sense of touch,
as in slimy, greasy, and stiff.

Kinesthetic Imagery The imagery that produced by the use of use

of words that appeal to the sense of
movement, as in galloping, squinting, and
pirouette.

Thermal Imagery The imagery that produced by the use of use

of words that appeal to the sense of heat, as
in lukewarm, frigid, and steamy.

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F. Developing mastery

Do it!

Activity #4 Directions: Read the song of Ben&Ben entitled “Leaves”. Choose at least one
stanza that exemplifies an image or a symbol. Then, give its literal meaning.

Leaves
By Ben&Ben

I can think of all the times

You told me not to touch the light
I never thought that you would be the one
I couldn't really justify
How you even thought it could be right
Cause everything we cherished is gone
And in the end can you tell me if
It was worth the try, so I can decide
Leaves will soon grow from the bareness of trees
And all will be alright in time
From waves overgrown come the calmest of seas
And all will be alright in time
Oh you never really love someone until, you learn to forgive.
Try as hard as I might
To flee the shadows of the night
It haunts me and it makes me feel blue
But how can I try to hide
When every breath and every hour
I still end up thinking of you
And in the end everything we have makes it worth the fight
So I will hold on for as long
As leaves will soon grow from the bareness of trees
And all will be alright in time
From waves overgrown come the calmest of seas
And all will be alright in time
Ohh you never really love someone until you learn to forgive
I never thought that I would see the day
That I'd decide if I should leave or stay
But in the end what makes it worth the fight's
That no matter what happens we try to make it right
Leaves will soon grow from the bareness of
trees And all will be alright in time
From waves overgrown come the calmest of seas
And all will be alright in time
Wounds of the past will eventually heal
And all will be alright in time
'Cause all of this comes with a love that is real
I said all will be alright in time
I said all will be alright in time
I said all will be alright in time
All will be alright in time
Ohh, you never really love someone until
You learn to forgive
You learn to forgive
Learn to forgive

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G. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living
Activity #5 Directions: Using the song ―Leaves‖ by Ben&Ben, write your own quotation to
express its theme or central idea. Make sure to use some figures of speech or literary devices
in the quotation you will create.
H. Making generalizations and abstractions about the lesson

Figures of speech can be a word or phrase that describes one thing in terms of another and
that is not meant to be taken literally.
Types of Figures of Speech
Hyperbole- uses an incredible exaggeration, or overstatement, for effect
Irony- a discrepancy between appearances and reality
Metaphor- makes a comparison between two unlike things without the use of specific words of
comparison as like or as.
Onomatopoeia- The use of words whose sounds inanimate suggests its meaning.
Oxymoron- combines opposite or contradictory terms in brief phrase.
Paradox- a statement that appears self-contradictory but that reveals a kind of truth.
Personification- an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes. Simile-
makes an explicit comparison between two unlike things, using words such as like or as.

Synecdoche- A figure of speech in which a part represents the whole.

Other Literary Devices

Symbolism is often used to convey a specific meaning to the audience. Writers often employ
this literary device as a means of artistic expression.
Imagery is the creation of a picture or images in the mind of the reader/s by the use of words
that appeal to the senses. To create imageries, a poet makes use of his sensory experiences.
He recalls what he perceives through his eyes, ears, nose, tongue hand, skin and other sensory
organs.

I. Evaluating Learning

Do it!

Activity #6 Direction: The following items are excerpts from local poems, identify the
figures of speech used in each item. Then give its literal meaning
Excerpts from Selected Poems Figure of Speech Meaning
1. You’re a state of mind
too profound to find!
You’re a perfect parlance
nay, a simple dance
2. As fast as the shutter,
the memory came still--
the moment smiled
without words, …
3. Shall we say that grief
is a passing trickster, that time
is our one true friend that heals all pain,
that in the end the heart will hold

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only the very best of memories? …
4. Perhaps there is no need for words,
no need to speak at all, when grief
is both a burden and a gift, gathering
from its core a whirlwind, a storm that
is so silent, and so still…
5. So, they say, dreams are
bridges of truth and lies and truth…

In our sleep, it shivers. In our flesh,

pulsating; it has its own life.

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