CRIME MITIGATION STRATEGY OF TANOD’S

OF BARANGGAY TOWNSITE,
MALUSO MUNICIPALITY

A RESEARCH PROPOSAL

Presented to:
Dean. HAPIBIN CAMAL
COURSE COACH

In partial fulfillment of the

requirements in M-RESEARCH of
Bachelor of Science in Criminology (BS CRIM)

By:
ASAN, DENDRICK K.
MUKSIN, KHAIJER D.
ALAM, AL-NASHREEN A.
BALUAN, MUHAIMIN A.
BACUS, ADRIAN

FIRST SEMESTER, S.Y 2022

CHAPTER I
Background of the Study

This chapter covers the introduction, theoretical framework, conceptual

framework, and statement of the problem, significance of the study, scope and
the limitation and definition of terms.

INTRODUCTION
Peace and order is an essential ingredient in maintaining economic development,
social order and political stability (Bayan, 2011). According to the Local
Government Code of 1991, Republic Act No. 7160, the role of the Barangay in
assures the peace and order in the barangay level. Pursuant to DILG
Memorandum Circular 2003-42, professionalizing these BPOs ensures that peace
and order and public reference to public safety. As the basic political unit, the
creation of the Barangay Tanods,” security are sustained as the key factor in
Barangay’s growth. Provided in the DILG’s trainers guidebook, the barangay
tanod’s duties and responsibilities include: assisting barangay officials in crime
prevention and promoting public safety through patrolling “ronda”, reporting to
the offices concerned of any disruptions or unjust events, tracking the presence
and action of criminals and illegal elements; assisting police and “lupong taga-
pamayapa” in the execution of warrants and other judicial proceedings; and
assisting barangay officials in the enforcement of national and local laws; and
others means deemed appropriate in the prevention of crime.
Public safety or its absence, impacts the lives of everyone (Moore and Braga,
2004). Under NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular 2008-013. The Barangay Police
Security Officers serving as an auxiliary of the Philippine National Police, are
considered as force multiplier. Though barangay police or ‘tanod” works on a
voluntary-basis, they do not hesitate to risk their lives just to ensure the security
of the people in their respective Barangay (Benitez, 2013). According to De Jesus
(2018), Usec. Diῆo said he would push for a bill that would grant rights for
barangay watchmen to receive medical and housing benefits, as well as legal
assistance and right to security of tenure.
According to Shoemaker (1996), It is argued that, due to lack of resources,
conventional socialization practices and the value of the barangay justice system,
juvenile courts and correctional facilities are used less often that the juvenile code
would suggest and this situation is likely to continue. Several businesses are
already introducing programs to help motivate the public even from the level of
barangay, as a way to help curb rising crime incidences (Samaniego, 2015).
Barangay is the Philippines basic unit of government. Each barangay is under the
administration and supervision of cities and municipalities as the lowest level of
political and government subdivision in the Philippines. In every barangay there
are barangay tanod which play an important part in the development and
progress of the barangay (Donald Sumad-On 2020). They conduct nightly patrols.,
necessarily exposing their lives and limbs to danger in the hands of criminal
elements and other wayward members of society. Barangay Officials create a
policy on the duties and functions of the Barangay Tanod and they work together
towards a common goal. They have an important duty in their community who
supervised in their barangay but still they perform a variety of police function.
They are the front liners in the preparation and response to any type of calamities
that threaten peace and order and public safety and they are also responsive to
unique peace and order in the barangay.
The barangay and the police working together shows that both realize the
importance of collaborating to achieve crime prevention goals. The police
acknowledge that despite their authority, extensive training, and often
considerable resources, the police require the support and assistance of others.
To justly and effectively control and prevent crime and disorder, public support is
necessary because the number of police officers to hand duty at any me is far
fewer than most citizens imagine. They cannot possibly demonstrate physical
presence in all places at all times in a community. Furthermore, for police to be
effective, they should be able to work not just within the operations of the
criminal justice system with which they are most closely identified but also within
other social and government networks, such as the schools and local government
units (Plan and Scott, 2009).
The barangay officials and barangay tanod are patrolling every night to lessen
night time crime and some of their duties is to implement the curfew policy in
every community to maintain peace and order in barangay,in this times of
pandemic where Corona Virus is at peak the Inter-Agency Task Force (IAFT) here
in the Philippines made some rules and regulations to avoid the spread of the
Corona Virus in the entire country. The barangay tanod conduct a night time
patrol as one of their ways to see some persons in their respective barangay who
commits a crime like going outside during curfew hours and having a party
without social distancing. However, they still encountered lot of problems during
night patrolling like lack of vehicle when conducting patrol; insufficient training
like self-defense techniques; insufficient equipment like baton; handcuff and
other equipment use for crime prevention; lack of coffee specially when on night
duty to keep them awake; insufficient budget support; Barangay Tanod does not
report on scheduled duty; some Barangay Tanods are absent during scheduled
duty; lack of cooperation among members of the Barangay Tanod; insufficient
supervision and monitoring from Barangay Officials; lack of cooperation among
the residents; honorarium/salary is not given on time; Barangay Tanods are not
aware on duties and responsibilities; and lack of dissemination on new policy to
enforce within the Barangay.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
These are the following theories which support or hold my research or study.

ROUTINE ACTIVITIES THEORY

Routine activity theory, developed by Colonel and Felson, revolves around three
things; a “potential offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable
guardian” (Bottoms and Wiles, 1997, p 320), All three must come together in
order for criminal activity to be realized. Routine activity theory relies on the
same rational choice methodology as situational crime prevention techniques.
Therefore, it has important implications for the prevention of crime made by the
barangay tanod. They conduct night time patrol as one of their prevention
strategies that are informed by routine activities theory attempt to alter these
opportunity structures to prevent criminal events. It has been increasingly used
much more broadly to understand and prevent crime problems. It also has very
practical implication for prevention; therefore, practitioners like barangay tanod
have applied routine activities theory in applying some practices and prevention
strategies in conducting night time patrol.

SOCIAL CONTROL THEORY

The intellectual roots of social control theory reach back several centuries, but it
was not until the middle of the 20th century that this theory began to generate
broad interest among crime researchers, since then, it has been among the most
frequently tested in the scientific literature and has generated substantial
empirical support. The first task of the control theorist is to identify the important
elements of the bond to society. The second task is to say what is meant by
society-to locate the person and institutions important in the control of
delinquent and criminal behavior. The following list of elements of the bond-
attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief-has proved useful in explaining
the logic of the theory and in summarizing relevant research. It has also provided
guidelines for evaluation of delinquency prevention programs.
Therefore, this theory also be on how an authority can prevent a crime. It is
important for an authority to know the whole community and its people including
areas wherein crime is at peak so that they will think of necessary strategies
within their community. They should know how to communicate well with the
people within their community in order to build a positive relationship among
them. He/she must be involved in some activities that promotes positive
outcomes. He/she must know to implement the task given by higher authority do
that the people around him/her will follow him/her without any hesitation.
SYMBOLIC INTERACTION THEORY
The labeling perspective has its origins in the work of Mead and Cooley in the
sociological theory of symbolic interactionism. Mead (1934) believed that the self
a rose through social processes, or social experiences, which involved play, game,
and the generalized other. A person’s self is generated when an individual task
the attitudes of the people in the group around him or her (whom Mead called
the generalized other) and superimposes those attitudes upon behavioral pattern;
thus, a person will generally behave in a manner that is consistent with the way in
which that person believes others view him or her. Mead differentiated between
the “me” and the “I,” and Cooley (1926) referred to this process is not a static
one; instead, it is a dynamic process of the individual “reacting back against
society.” Which in turn is constantly reacting to the individual (Mead, 1997.p
235).
In this way, an individual will behave in a manner that is consistent with other’s
beliefs and expectations. Human behavior revolves around the meanings of things
and situations, the interpretation of these meanings through interactions, both
present and past (Blumer, 1969). Mead (1997) viewed this role taking as the
foundation for social control (formal and informal). This two-way, symbolic
interaction between the self and society forms the foundation of labeling theory.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The main concept of this study work is “Crime Mitigation Strategy of Tanods of
Barangay Townsite Maluso Municipality.) There are two identified variables in this
study which is the independent and dependent variables.
The independent variables are respondent of this study including the
respondent’s people, age, gender, years of services. The dependent variables are
the Barangay Tanods Strategy.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLES

Demographic people of  Prevent the

s Barangay Tanods of trouble in
Barangay Townsite Barangay.
Maluso Municipality.  To have peace
and unity in the
 AGE
Barangay.
 GENDER
 YEARS OF SERVICE

IMPLICATION

POSISTIVE: Prevent the crime trouble, and

improve the skills and knowledge.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study aims to answer the following.

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in term of,

a. Age
b. Gender
c. Years of service
2. What are the effects of strategy of Barangay Tanod’s?
a. To prevent trouble in the barangay.
Having a peace and unity in the barangay.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The findings of this study ensue to benefits barangay, as well as the barangay
tanod’s to reflect their current strategy practices to maintain the peace of
barangay. And this also contribute to the safety of barangay and to improve the
strategy of the barangay tanod’s.
This will encourage to the people, the barangay to give their fully support
assistance, to the barangay tanod’s
Moreover, the result of this study would help the tanod’s in setting their priorities
and time management as well as in enhancing positive attitudes towards strategy.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

Researcher’s aims to conduct this study to the barangay tanod’s of Barangay
Townsite Maluso Municipality. To determine the effect of crime mitigation
strategy of tanod’s of Barangay Townsite Maluso Municipality. As per the majority
of the researcher’s agreement to the chosen respondents of this research.
This will not measure the different strategies of Barangay Tanod’s, it will only be
delimited to determine the effects of Crime Mitigation Strategy.