MAPÚA UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTUING ENGINEERING

ME160P-2/E01
INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL ENGINEERING

WRITTEN REPORT ON
PNEUMATICS

EXPERIMENT NO. 2

SUBMITTED BY:
BELLEN, ANDRE ANTONI C.
2018140109

SUBMITTED TO:

ENGR. PAULO RAFAEL V. MERIS

Jan. 23, 2021

ABSTRACT

Throughout the experiment, all student where required to simulate a circuit diagram
using pneumatics system. Wherein pneumatic system/s in general commonly deal with gases and
compressed air. Moreover, it works with the study of pressurized gas that could produce
mechanical motion. Pneumatic systems at most parts have air compressor that can holds
compressed air in a cylinder (container) and releases it under electrical pressure. Additionally,
pneumatic systems have several components that can build up an exercise machines, wherein it
creates a resistance that can be adjusted with air pressure. Another sample is pipe organ, in this
case, it produces sound by pushing pressurized air through pipes that are chosen by pressing the
keys on a keyboard. As a matter of fact, this method is insignificant due to low cost of designing
components. The disadvantage of this method is the compressible gas, wherein it makes the
speed of the pneumatic system more problematic. On the other hand, the advantage of this
method is that the air allows to flow (work) efficiently. Therefore, this method is highly
recommendable for practical and much more effective use especially for air purposes.

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OBJECTIVES

 To be able to solve different problems / exercises using pneumatics.

 To become familiar with all of the operation of FluidSim pneumatics.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE i
ABSTRACT ii
OBJECTIVES ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES 1
DISCUSSION 2
SAMPLE PROBLEMS 3
FINAL DATA SHEET/SET-UP 6
CONCLUSION 2
RECOMMENDATION 2
REFERENCES 2

iii
THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES

According to Mahmoud Galal El-Din Mohamed Rabi (2009), the concept of pneumatic
follows the pneumatic systems, wherein these are power systems that uses compressed air as a
working medium for the power transmission. On the other hand, their principle of operation is
quite similar to that of the hydraulic power systems.

According to Carlos M. (2018), the concept of pneumatic commonly refers to a specific

approach that can transform energy into mechanical motion in terms of using compressed gas as
a replacement of engines, motors, or electromagnets. For some reasons, this is much more
effective and practical for many purposes. As a matter of fact, the system contains an air
compressor that can store compressed air in a cylinder and releases compressed air under electric
control.

Pascal's law indicates that any force applied to a compressed substance is distributed
equally in all directions within the fluid, irrespective of the shape of the jar. Additionally, static
pressure was also observed according to Pascal, the law of Pascal is also known as Pascal’s
principle or principle of fluid-pressure transfer. In 1653, Blaise Pascal (French mathematician)
declared the rule of Pascal, wherein F is the applied force, P is the transmitted pressure, lastly A
is the cross-sectional area.
F=PA

Pascal (Law) Formula

1
DISCUSSION

A pneumatic system or circuit, is known as a system that works from stored air pressure.
The air pressure is built up by means of a compressor. Once the pressure required is reached, the
pressurized air can be sent round a circuit, operating a variety of valves and pistons. Pneumatic
systems are often seen on production lines, as they are extremely reliable and require very little
maintenance. A pneumatic system can be seen as an energy storage device, as usually very little
air pressure is lost during the operation of the pneumatic circuit. A compressor is used to ‘top up’
the pressure.

As a consequence, the air is highly plentiful, and the machine is free and easy to restock.
The initial cost of making a pneumatics system is negligible due to the low cost of designing
components. Due to the fact that the machine is operated entirely by air, a pneumatics unit
requires minimal cleaning.

2
SAMPLE PROBLEM
1. Mixing Machine. A system is needed for the mixing of paints. There is a specified time
interval for the vibration if a button is pressed. A double acting cylinder can be used to
produce the vibration required with a limited position within its maximum range.

2. Feed Divider. A feed divider is needed to separate two raw materials at a time for a
machining station. There is a delay time for each cycle of movement. One button is for
single cycle while another button is for continuous operation.

3. Welding Machine. A welding mechanism is needed to join thermoplastic materials

together in which the pressure is controlled by a regulator. One button is for the
downward motion. There is a delayed time for the upward movement but another button
can be used for immediate retraction. Gages are used to monitor pressure.

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4. Sieve Shaker. A vibrating movement with regulator is needed for the sieving of
aggregates. The upper sieve and lower sieve move in opposite directions. There is a
single acting cylinder moving with the pattern similar to the upper sieve. A button with
selector switch activates the operation.

5. Trash Compactor. A vibrating movement with regulator is needed for the sieving of
aggregates. The upper sieve and lower sieve move in opposite directions. There is a
single acting cylinder moving with the pattern similar to the upper sieve. A button with
selector switch activates the operation.

6. Clamping Machine. A machine is needed to clamp coverings to the products. When a

button is pressed, the controlled clamping begins through a forward movement of a
cylinder followed by a perpendicular movement of a pressured regulated cylinder.
Another button is for the retraction in a reversed process.

4
7. Cutting Machine. A mechanism is needed in a cutting machine. When a button is
pressed, the clamped material will be moved inside the cutting machine by two cylinders
with restricted motion. After the cutting process, the first cylinder retracts followed by a
quick extension of the second cylinder.

5
FINAL DATA SHEET / SET-UP

1. Problem 20: Mixing Machine

2. Problem 21: Feed Divider

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3. Problem 22: Welding Mechanism

4. Problem 23: Sieve Shaker

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5. Problem 24: Trash Compactor

6. Problem 25: Clamping Machine

7. Problem 26: Cutting Machine
CONCLUSION

Throughout the entire process, the group were able to achieve the objectives required in
the experiment with the use of Fluid-SIM even though there are additional configuration needed
in each component (in terms of their properties and its actuating levels) wherein each of the
exercises (provided by the professor) where answered in a successful way by knowing the
concepts of each components as well as some of the specific values (if needed), and also
knowing the simulation processes. Additionally, the students were able to gain knowledge
regarding the pneumatic systems.

RECOMMENDATION

For further recommendation regarding the experiment, I would rather recommend to the
students (future students rather) to use the latest Fluid-SIM version. Afterwards, students must
not only to understand the components but also to dissect the values of each components because
it will affect the flow of their circuit diagram. Moreover, future students must also do a research
for deeper understanding about the topic/experiment that they will encounter. Furthermore, if
there are several processes in a problem, make sure to understand the components of that
particular given in order to have a perfect replication of a circuit diagram (as well as the values if
needed in the problem).

REFERENCES

Mahmoud Galal El-Din Mohamed R. Fluid Power Engineering. 2009. Retrieved from
https://www.accessengineeringlibrary.com/content/book/9780071622462/chapter/chapte
r11

Carlos M. Principles of Pneumatic Systems. August 24, 2018. Retrieved from

https://sciencing.com/principles-pneumatic-systems-6614537.html