DC ROTOR ASSEMBLY WITH LABELED PARTS IDENTIFIED FUNCTION/PURPOSE

PARTS AND
COMPONENTS
Stator A stator is the static part of the
DC machine that houses the
field windings and receives the
supply.
Rotor A rotor is the rotating
part of the DC machine that
brings about the mechanical
rotations.
Yoke The magnetic frame or
the yoke of DC motor made up
of cast iron or steel and forms
an integral part of the stator or
the static part of the motor.
Poles The magnetic poles of
DC motor are structures fitted
onto the inner wall of the yoke
with screws. The construction of
magnetic poles basically
comprises of two parts. Namely,
the pole core and the pole shoe
stacked together under
hydraulic pressure and then
attached to the yoke. These two
structures are assigned for
different purposes, the pole
core is of small cross-sectional
area and its function is to just
hold the pole shoe over the
yoke, whereas the pole shoe
having a relatively larger cross-
sectional area spreads the flux
produced over the air gap
between the stator and rotor to
reduce the loss due to
reluctance. The pole shoe also
carries slots for the field
windings that produce the field
flux.
Field windings The field winding of DC motor
are made with field coils
(copper wire) wound over the
slots of the pole shoes in such a
manner that when field current
flows through it, then adjacent
poles have opposite polarity are
produced. The field winding
basically forms an
electromagnet, that produces
field flux within which the rotor
armature of the DC motor
rotates, and results in the
effective flux cutting.
Armature The armature winding
windings of DC motor is attached to the
rotor, or the rotating part of the
machine, and as a result is
subjected to altering magnetic
field in the path of its rotation
which directly results in
magnetic losses.
Commutator The commutator of DC
motor is a cylindrical structure
made up of copper segments
stacked together, but insulated
from each other by mica.
Brushes The brushes of DC
motor are made with carbon or
graphite structures, making
sliding contact over the rotating
commutator. The brushes are
used to relay the current from
external circuit to the rotating
commutator form where it
flows into the armature
winding.

INTERPRETATION OF DATA AND RESULTS:

Initial part of our experiment was allotted on investigating the internal parts and component of Direct
Current (DC) Motor. Since we cannot physically do it, I watched a YouTube video on how they disable
and dissect a DC motor. I learned how to separate the DC Rotor from the DC Stator and examine the
standard design and construction of DC Rotor and stator. Also, in the YouTube video I watched, they
explained how to logically understand the operation and construction of commercials DC motors. It was
explained in that the stator provides a constant magnetic field and the armature, which is the rotating
part, is a simple coil. The armature is connected to a DC power source through a pair of commutator
rings when the current flows through the coil, an electromagnetic force is induced on it according to the
Lorentz law. So, the coil will start to rotate. You'll notice that as the coil rotates, the commutator rings
connected with the power source of opposite polarity. As it results on the left side of the coil the
electricity will always flow "away" and on the right-side electricity will always flow "towards". This
ensures that the torque action is also in the same direction throughout the motion. So, the coil will
continue rotating. But if you observe the torque action on the coil closely, you'll notice that when the
coil is nearly perpendicular to the magnetic flux the torque action nears zero.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:

1. Discuss the operating principle of mechanical rectifier.
A mechanical rectifier is a device for converting alternating current (AC) to direct
current (DC) by means of mechanically operated switches. The best-known type is the commutator,
which is an integral part of a DC dynamo, but before solid-state devices became available,
independent mechanical rectifiers were used for certain applications. Before the invention
of semiconductors, rectification at high currents involved serious losses. There were various
vacuum/gas devices, such as the mercury arc rectifiers, thyratrons, ignitrons, and vacuum diodes.
Solid-state technology was in its infancy, represented by copper oxide and selenium rectifiers. All of
these gave excessive forward voltage drop at high currents. One answer was mechanically opening
and closing contacts, if this could be done quickly and cleanly enough.

2. A four-pole motor has an armature having 276 conductors. Each pole face is designed and
constructed with 25 square inches with flux density of 47,500 lines per square inch. If the
armature current is designed at 75 amperes and the structure of windings is wave (2 parallel
paths), verify the rated torque of this motor.
3. During operation of DC motor and DC generator, explain how rotor and stator works.
This DC motor/generator comprises of several parts like yoke, poles & pole shoes, field
winding, an armature core, armature winding, commutator & brushes. But the two essential parts of
this device are stator as well as the rotor. The stator is an essential part of the DC generator, and the
main function of this is to provide the magnetic fields where the coils spin. This includes stable
magnets, where two of them are with reverse poles facing. These magnets are located to fit in the
region of the rotor. Rotor or armature core is the second essential part of the DC motor/generator,
and it includes slotted iron laminations with slots that are stacked to shape a cylindrical armature
core. Generally, these laminations are offered to decrease the loss because of the eddy current.

4. The car of Light Railway Transit (LRT) is propelled by a 660-volt DC motor connected to the
DC feeder lines of rectifier station. This car is required to exert a tractive effort of 4,500 kg at
a velocity of 50 km/hr. How much current will be drawn from the feeder lines if the overall
efficiency of motor and the flywheel drive is 65%?