Hydraulic Excavators

Definition: A hydraulic excavator consists of an upper carriage with hydraulically

rotating upper deck (revolving 360º) and attachment, directly mounted to either a
wheeled or crawler undercarriage. The front end of the excavator attachment
consists either of a bucket, grapple, scrap shear, or another implement.

Excavators that are operated in scrap yards may be exposed to a wide range of
external hazards during normal operation, not only to the operators but also to
maintenance personnel and others nearby.

Primary Hazards

Falling and ejected objects

Slipping and falling

Cutting

Pinching and crushing

Burning and explosions

Safety Solutions

Wearing personal protective equipment

Pre-startup inspections

Scheduled inspections and maintenance

Safe operating and working procedures

Employee safety training

Operator and maintenance training

Pre-Start Up Procedures and Inspections

Ensure that the operator is properly trained and qualified to operate the equipment

Only authorized personnel may operate the excavtor

The operator must be mentally and physically fit, have good vision, spatial perception,
adequate hearing and a quick reaction time (response)

The operator must be completely familiar with the layout and operation of the
excavator
Identify a clear and safe approach to the machine

The operator must know at all times the capabilities and limitations of the hydraulic
excavator

Prior to every shift, the operator must perform a daily walk-around inspection of the
excavator and jobsite surroundings

• Check for loose pin and bolt connections, wear and tear items, leaks and
structural damage of any kind

• Pay close attention to any deficiencies such as clogged radiator/cooler cores, air
cleaner indicator, frayed and or otherwise damaged hoses and/or hose
assemblies.

• Ensure that all safety signs are installed and legible

• Document all discrepancies on a “Daily Checklist” and immediately report any

deficiencies to your maintenance department

Never operate a defective or damaged machine

Verify that all maintenance has been completed

Egress and regress the excavator facing the machine using three-point stance on ladders
and steps

Ensure that all side doors and covers are unlocked but closed and secured

Ensure that windows and mirrors are clean, and the mirrors are positioned for best
possible visibility

Adjust seat and armrests to the most comfortable position

Make sure that the area of operation is clear of obstacles and employees

Starting and Operating the Excavator

By sounding the horn twice, ensure that other personnel in the vicinity is aware that
this machine has been started and that operation is about to commence

Maintain clear communication with co-workers and good visibility at all times

Operate machine only outdoors or in a well ventilated interior space

Use both of the warning signals to warn all personnel in the vicinity by sounding the
horn and/or by energizing the beacon light/flasher (if applicable)

Start the engine and allow the systems such as the engine coolant/oil and hydraulic
fluid to warm up to operating temperatures
Test all equipment functions such as attachment/implement movements and brake
systems

Place the excavator into the proper working position and begin operation

During operation make sure that the attachment or basic machine sufficiently clears
buildings, power lines and other obstructions

Be sure to operate within the machine’s lifting capabilities at all times (see lift chart or
refer to the manufacturer’s manual)

Use only slow, progressive joystick or foot pedal movements when operating the
attachment functions such as boom, stick, bucket, clamshell or other implements

Maintain a safe distance to basements, ditches, slopes and embankments

Shut-Down Procedure

Park the excavator on level and firm ground

Line up upper deck with undercarriage and lower the attachment completely to the
ground

Engage the parking and swing brake functions

In case of an emergency, if the machine stops on an incline, lower the attachment

completely to the ground and use blocks/rocks to keep the machine from rolling
downhill

Disengage the safety lever

Gradually reduce the engine speed and remain in idle for three minutes before shut-off

Work the joysticks in a circular motion to relieve system pressure

Shut, secure and lock windows, all covers and cab door

Climb off the excavator facing the machine and using a three-point stance

Never jump of a machine

Switch off the battery disconnect (if applicable) and remove the disconnect key

Maintenance Procedures

Always follow the manufacturer’s daily, scheduled and preventive maintenance and
inspection procedures and instructions
Follow the proper lock-out/tag-out procedures as established by your company

Use only approved man-lifts, ladders, scaffolds, platforms or the catwalks (if
applicable) of the excavator to perform any maintenance, inspection or repair
procedures

Never walk on an elevated boom or stick structure without an appropriate fall

protection

Always use fall protection when working at heights in excess of eight feet above
ground

Always use the appropriate tools to service the excavator and always wear the
personnel protective equipment (PPE) as required by OSHA and jobsite regulations

Only properly trained and authorized mechanics/technicians are allowed to maintain

and repair this excavator

When servicing this excavator never use your hands or fingers to align bolts or pins

Visitor/Vendor/Supplier Alert

Post safety signs that inform of all jobsite hazards

Inform to maintain the proper and safe distance from all equipment at the jobsite

Must be advised to observe all safety signs posted

General Safety Instructions

The operator must be made aware of the dangers and risks involved with the operation
of this hydraulic excavator

Train every employee what each warning signal or audible alarm represents

Identify areas where falling or ejected debris may occur

Frequently check the placement of safety signs, make certain they are legible and
complete. Replace missing or illegible safety signs at once

Instruct all employees to adhere fully to the instructions given on the safety signs

Identify and cordon off or mark specific areas that are prohibited to enter during
machine operation.

Ensure that trip and fall hazards are kept out of drive and walkways

Always follow good housekeeping procedures

No one is permitted to stay underneath the excavator or its attachment, unless it is

properly supported, while the machine is being serviced