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PSDM

This course aims to teach participants to become creative problem solvers and effective decision makers. It covers topics such as different types of thinking, barriers to thinking, the creative problem solving process, and decision making process. The creative problem solving process involves defining the problem, developing possible causes, testing solutions, and generating options. The decision making process includes defining objectives, classifying objectives, evaluating alternatives, and choosing the best alternative. The document also discusses common traps that can undermine decision making such as anchoring bias and sunk cost fallacy.

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Mohamed Abdallah
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24 views

PSDM

This course aims to teach participants to become creative problem solvers and effective decision makers. It covers topics such as different types of thinking, barriers to thinking, the creative problem solving process, and decision making process. The creative problem solving process involves defining the problem, developing possible causes, testing solutions, and generating options. The decision making process includes defining objectives, classifying objectives, evaluating alternatives, and choosing the best alternative. The document also discusses common traps that can undermine decision making such as anchoring bias and sunk cost fallacy.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Abdallah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Untie the Knot

Course Objective

To become a Creative Problem Solver and


an Effective & Efficient Decision Maker
Course Content
1.What is thinking?

2.Types of thinking and their barriers

3.Creative Problem Solving Process

4.Decision making Process and its barriers


Word of Wisdom
We cannot solve our problems with the same level of
thinking that we used when we created them.
Albert Einstein
Before We Start

Thinking

Decision
Making Problem
Solving
Thinking
What is Thinking?
Thinking is to use the mind for processing
information and imagination in order to
make sense of our world.
Is your brain working now?
Connect the dots by 4 straight consecutive lines
Is your brain working now?
Is your brain working now?
 You have 6 matchsticks
 Arrange them in a pattern of six
equilateral triangles
(without breaking them)
Is your brain working now?
Is your brain working now?
Types of Thinking
Types of Thinking

ANALYZING NEW
EVALUATING IDEAS
REASONING
Left Right

CRITICAL CREATIVE
THINKING THINKING
Barriers to critical thinking
Barriers to Critical Thinking

Unwarranted
Egocentrism
Assumptions

Wishful
Socio centrism Thinking
Barriers to Creative Thinking

 Stress.
 Routine.
 Beliefs.
 Fear.
Problem

solving
What is a Problem?

}
Events SHOULD

Deviation
Y ACTUAL
SHOULD + ACTUAL = PROBLEM
Creative PS & DM Processes
Environmental Problem
Analysis Definition

Develop
Control
Possible Cause

Implementation Test the


Creative Problem Solving Possible Cause
(CPS) Process

Decision making Generating


Process Solution options
1. Analyzing the environment
 Gathering information about what is going
on in your organization and outside of it
 Listening to employees and customers
 Hire consultants
 Monitor weak signals
 SWOT Analysis
2. Defining the problem
4 fundamental dimensions that define a problem:

1.
1. WHAT
It has an identity; information that describe
what is happening.
2.
2. WHERE
It has a location; information that defines
where it is happening.
3.
3. WHEN
It has a timing. information that defines when
it is happening.
4. EXTENT
4. It has a magnitude; information that defines its
extent.
3. Develop Possible Causes

Questions IS IS NOT

WHAT
WHERE What IS the What IS NOT the
WHEN problem? problem?
EXTENT

Possible Cause:
4. Test the Possible Cause

}
Events SHOULD

POSSIBLE Deviation
CAUSE
Y ACTUAL
TEST: Would
this possible THE DEVIATION AS SPECIFIED
cause product WHAT
this outcome? IS
WHERE
IS
WHEN
EXTENT
NOT

GM
Word of Wisdom

“A problem clearly stated is a


problem half solved.”
5. Generating Options for solution

Classification of the known options and


generating additional options.
6. Decision Making
Phases of Decision Making
Define
Objectives

Choose Best
Alternative
Classify
Objectives

Evaluate
Alternatives
against
Objectives
Define Objectives
Specify the objectives:
Derived from two general areas:
 Results – What is to be accomplished?
 Resources – What are the resource limits
within which I must stay?
Objectives
- Low Cost
-Appearance
- Easy Service
- Durability
-Spare parts
Classify Objectives
All objectives listed under two headings:
 MUSTS: limits that cannot be violated
 WANTS: express relative desirability
Objectives
MUSTS
- Cost
-Appearance
WANTS
-Easy Service
- Durability
-Spare Parts
Evaluate Alternative against objectives & choose
Objectives Alternative A Alternative B Alternative C
MUSTS
-Low Cost GO NO GO GO
-Appearance GO GO GO

WANTS
Weight Score Weight*Score Score
Weight*Score
-Easy Service 7 2 14 5 35
- Durability 9 3 27 4 36
-Spare Parts 3 4 12 2 6

53 77
TOTAL
The Hidden Traps in Decision Making
The Blinders Trap
 Focusing on one thing or on what’s
in front of you only
The Anchoring Trap
 The mind gives unbalanced weight to
the latest information it receives.
The Status Quo Trap

 The fear of change & taking risks

 Open ourselves to criticism & regret


The Sunk Cost Trap
 Making choices in a way that justifies past,
defective choices .
The Confirming Evidence Trap
 Seeking information that
supports your existing point of
view while avoiding information
that contradicts it.
Creative PS & DM Processes
Environmental Problem
Analysis Definition

Develop
Control
Possible Cause

Implementation Test the


Creative Problem Solving Possible Cause
(CPS) Process

Decision making Generating


Process Solution options
7. Implementing solutions
Implementation needs to account for
details and anticipate and overcome
obstacles
8. Controlling for results

Evaluating the effectiveness of the solution


Case Study

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