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5 Horizontal Alignment

1. The document discusses elements and design considerations for horizontal alignment including simple curves, compound curves, reversed curves, transition curves using spirals, and design speed, radius, and superelevation for horizontal alignment. Key elements defined include points of curvature, tangency, intersection, chord length, curve length, radius, and superelevation. Design of horizontal alignment involves considering design speed, radius, and superelevation. Transition curves using spirals are used to smoothly connect tangents to circular curves.

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Marvin Abugao
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189 views

5 Horizontal Alignment

1. The document discusses elements and design considerations for horizontal alignment including simple curves, compound curves, reversed curves, transition curves using spirals, and design speed, radius, and superelevation for horizontal alignment. Key elements defined include points of curvature, tangency, intersection, chord length, curve length, radius, and superelevation. Design of horizontal alignment involves considering design speed, radius, and superelevation. Transition curves using spirals are used to smoothly connect tangents to circular curves.

Uploaded by

Marvin Abugao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5 – Horizontal Alignment

1. Horizontal Curves (Review)


a. Simple Curves
b. Compound Curves
c. Reversed Curves
d. Transition Curves
2. Designing Horizontal Alignment
a. Design Speed
b. Radius
c. Superelevation
d. Transition Curves

Outline
Terminologies in Simple Curve
•PC = Point of curvature. It is the beginning of curve.
•PT = Point of tangency. It is the end of curve.
•PI = Point of intersection of the tangents. Also called
vertex
•T = Length of tangent from PC to PI and from PI to PT. It
is known as subtangent.
•R = Radius of simple curve, or simply radius.
•L = Length of chord from PC to PT. Point Q as shown
below is the midpoint of L.
•Lc = Length of curve from PC to PT. Point M is the
midpoint of Lc.
•E = External distance, the nearest distance from PI to the
curve.
•m = Middle ordinate, the distance from midpoint of curve
Simple Curve
to midpoint of chord.
•
Elements of compound curve
•PC = point of curvature
•PT = point of tangency
•PI = point of intersection
•PCC = point of compound curve
•T1 = length of tangent of the first curve
•T2 = length of tangent of the second curve
•V1 = vertex of the first curve
•V2 = vertex of the second curve
•I1 = central angle of the first curve
•I2 = central angle of the second curve
•I = angle of intersection = I1 + I2
•Lc1 = length of first curve
•Lc2 = length of second curve
•L1 = length of first chord
•L2 = length of second chord
•L = length of long chord from PC to PT
•T1 + T2 = length of common tangent measured from V1 to V2
Compound Curve
Elements of Reversed Curve
•PC = point of curvature
•PT = point of tangency
•PRC = point of reversed curvature
•T1 = length of tangent of the first curve
•T2 = length of tangent of the second curve
•V1 = vertex of the first curve
•V2 = vertex of the second curve
•I1 = central angle of the first curve
•I2 = central angle of the second curve
•Lc1 = length of first curve
•Lc2 = length of second curve
•L1 = length of first chord
•L2 = length of second chord
•T1 + T2 = length of common tangent
measured

Reversed Curve
The transition
curves are
symmetrical

Transition Curve
Elements of Spiral Curve

•TS = Tangent to spiral


•SC = Spiral to curve
•CS = Curve to spiral
•ST = Spiral to tangent
•LT = Long tangent
•ST = Short tangent
•R = Radius of simple curve
•Ts = Spiral tangent distance
•Tc = Circular curve tangent
•L = Length of spiral from TS to any point along
the spiral
•Ls = Length of spiral
•PI = Point of intersection
•I = Angle of intersection
•Ic = Angle of intersection of the simple curve
•p = Length of throw or the distance from
tangent that the circular curve has been offset

Transition Curve
Elements of Spiral Curve

•X = Offset distance (right angle distance) from


tangent to any point on the spiral
•Xc = Offset distance (right angle distance) from
tangent to SC
•Y = Distance along tangent to any point on the
spiral
•Yc = Distance along tangent from TS to point at
right angle to SC
•Es = External distance of the simple curve
•θ = Spiral angle from tangent to any point on
the spiral
•θs = Spiral angle from tangent to SC
•i = Deflection angle from TS to any point on the
spiral, it is proportional to the square of its
distance
•is = Deflection angle from TS to SC
•D = Degree of spiral curve at any point
•Dc = Degree of simple curve

Transition Curve
In designing the
horizontal alignment
consider the 3
elements all
together:

Design Speed
Radius
Superelevation

Designing the Horizontal Alignment


Design Speed - elected
speed to determine the various
geometric feature of the
roadway

Depends on
- Functional classification of
the highway,
- Land use of the adjacent area
- Topography of the area
- level
- rolling
- mountainous

Designing the Horizontal Alignment


Horizontal alignment
Superelevation
R = horizontal radius of curve (m)
V = speed (km/hr)
e = super-elevation rate (%)
f = coefficient of friction (decimal)

Super-elevation and Horizontal Radius


110 0.11
120 0.09
130 0.08 Superelevation
Transition curve (spiral)
Simple vs spiralcurve
C = 0.3 m/s3 for v = 40 to 70 kph
C = 0.6 m/s3 for v = 80 to 120 kph
C= 0.9 m/s3 for v > 120 kph
1.Given the line and PI with its coordinate
A(10000E; 10000N) Sta 5+000 km
B(10800E; 9536N)
C(11543E; 9793N)

Design the simple curve of 2-lane rural rolling collector road (3.5m wide/lane)
for average design speed limit allowed and minimum radius allowed.
Draw the horizontal alignment with complete stationing and coordinates of
each main points.

Horizontal alignment
2.A horizontal simple curve is designed for a two-
lane road in mountainous terrain. The following data
are known:
Intersection angle = 40 degrees, Tangent length =
131.030 m , Station PI = 27 + 003.200, f = 0.12, e = 8%,
a) Determine the design speed.

b) Calculate the stationing of PC and PT.

Horizontal alignment
3. A horizontal curve is designed for a maximum superelevation
of 12%. If radius of the curve is 380 m, compute the maximum
design speed that a car could move to prevent from skidding if it
has a coefficient of side friction of 0.16.

Horizontal alignment
4.Given the line and PI with its coordinate
A(10000E; 10000N) Sta 5+000 km
B(10800E; 9536N)
C(11543E; 9793N)

Design the spiral curve of 2-lane rural rolling collector road (3.5m wide/lane)
for average design speed limit allowed and minimum radius allowed.
Draw the horizontal alignment with complete stationing and coordinates of
each main points.

Horizontal alignment
4. The degree of curve (Dc) of the central curve of a
spiral easement curve is 6° and the length of spiral
(Ls) is 80 m. If the bearing of the back tangent is N
15° E and coordinates at the T.S. is 10,000 N and
10,000 E, determine the coordinates at the S.C.?

Horizontal alignment
5. A proposed highway has two tangents of bearing N 45° 54’ 36” E and N 1° 22’ 30” W.
The highway design engineer , attempting to obtain the best fit for the simple circular
curve to join these tangents, decides that the external ordinate is to be 13 m. The PI is at
Station 6 + 512.96.
Determine :
a. The central angle of the curve
b. The radius of the curve
c. The length of tangent of the curve
d. The station of PC
e. The length of the curve
f. The station of the PT
g. The deflection of angle and chord from the PC to the first full station on the curve.

Horizontal alignment
Thank you!

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