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Dispersion

The document discusses various measures of dispersion used to quantify how spread out numbers are in a data set. It defines dispersion as the variation of items around an average. Common measures include range, which is the difference between the largest and smallest values; mean deviation, which is the average deviation from the mean or median; and standard deviation, which is the square root of the average of squared deviations from the mean. Standard deviation is widely used as it is easy to calculate and understand, and can be used for further statistical analysis.

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NISHA NANDAL
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102 views

Dispersion

The document discusses various measures of dispersion used to quantify how spread out numbers are in a data set. It defines dispersion as the variation of items around an average. Common measures include range, which is the difference between the largest and smallest values; mean deviation, which is the average deviation from the mean or median; and standard deviation, which is the square root of the average of squared deviations from the mean. Standard deviation is widely used as it is easy to calculate and understand, and can be used for further statistical analysis.

Uploaded by

NISHA NANDAL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MEASURES OF

DISPERSION
D ISPERSION
 Dispersion refers to the variations of the items
among themselves / around a n average.
 Greater the variation amongst different items of
a series, the more will be the dispersion.
 As per Bowley, “Dispersion is a measure of the
variation of the items”.
O BJECTIVES OF M EASURING D ISPERSION
 To determine the reliability of a n average
 To compare the variability of two or more series

 For facilitating the use of other


statistical measures
 Basis of Statistical Quality Control
P ROPERTIES OF A G OOD M EASURE OF
D ISPERSION
 Easy to understand
 Simple to calculate

 Uniquely defined

 Based on all observations

 Capable of further algebraic treatment


RANGE (R)
 It is the simplest measures of dispersion
 It is defined as the difference between the largest
and smallest values in the series
R=L–S
R = Range, L = Largest Value, S = Smallest Value
𝐿 −𝑆
 Coefficient of Range =
𝐿+𝑆
P RACTICE P ROBLEMS – R ANGE
Q1: Find the range & Coefficient of Range for
the following data: 20, 35, 25, 30, 15
Ans: 20, 0.4
Q2: Find the range & Coefficient of Range:
X 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
F 15 18 25 30 16 10 9

Ans: 60, 0.75


Q3: Find the range & Coefficient of Range:
Size 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30
F 4 9 15 30 40

Ans: 25, 5/7


R ANGE
MERITS DEMERITS

 Simple to understand  Can’t be calculated in


 Easy to calculate open ended
 Widely used in
distributions
 Not based on all
statistical quality
control the observations
 Affected by sampling
fluctuations
M EAN D EVIATION (M.D.)
 It is also called Average Deviation
 It is defined as the arithmetic average of the

Birinder Singh, Assistant Professor, PCTE


deviation of the various items of a series
computed from measures of central tendency
like mean or median.
 M.D. from Median = Σ |𝑋 −𝑀 |
� or �
Σ|
𝑑𝑀|�
Σ |𝑋 � Σ
 M.D. from Mean = or |𝑑 | 𝑋
−𝑋|� �
� 𝑀.𝐷. �
 Coefficient of M.D.
M 𝑀𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛
= 𝑀.𝐷.
𝑋
𝑀 𝑒𝑎𝑛
 Coefficient of M.D. 𝑋
=
P RACTICE P ROBLEMS – M EAN D EVIATION
Q1: Calculate M.D. from Mean & Median &
coefficient of Mean Deviation from the
following data: 20, 22, 25, 38, 40, 50, 65, 70, 75

Birinder Singh, Assistant Professor, PCTE


Ans: 17.78, 17.22, 0.39,0.43
Q2: X: 20 30 40 50 60 70
f: 8 12 20 10 6 4

Ans: 10.67, 10.33, 0.26, 0.26


Q3: Calculate M.D. from Mean & its coefficient:
X: 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
f: 5 8 15 16 6

Ans: 9.44, 0.349


M EAN D EVIATION
Merits Demerits

 Simple to understand Ignoring ‘±’ signs are not

Birinder Singh, Assistant Professor, PCTE



 Easy to compute appropriate
 Useful in fields like  Difficult to calculate if
Economics, Commerce value of Mean or
etc. Median comes in
fractions
 .
S TANDARD D EVIATION
 Most important & widely used measure of
dispersion

Birinder Singh, Assistant Professor, PCTE


 First used by Karl Pearson in 1893

 Also called root mean square deviations

 It is defined as the square root of the arithmetic


mean of the squares of the deviation of the values
taken from the mean
 Denoted by σ (sigma)

2
Σ𝑋 Σ𝑥2
 σ= − 𝑋𝑁 or where x = 𝑋 − 𝑋
𝑁 σ
 Coefficient of S.D. =
𝑋

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