It is a feeble shaking to violent

trembling of the ground

produced by the
sudden displacement of rocks
or rock materials below the
earth’s surface.
TECTONIC VOLCANIC
EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE
those generated by
the sudden displacement along
faults in the solid and rigid
layer of the earth.
Earthquakes
induced by rising lava or
magma beneath active
volcanoes
refers to a fracture, fissure or a zone of
weakness where movement or
displacement has occurred or may
occur again; a fault is said to be
“active fault” if it has
historical and contemporary
seismicity, has evidence of fault slip
based on displaced rocks or
soil units of known age and displaced
landforms; an active fault is defined
as a fault which has
moved within the last 10,000 years
JULY 16, 1990 LUZON
EARTHQUAKE
2013 BOHOL EARTHQUAKE
2010, CHILE
2011 March, EASTERN JAPAN
disruptive up-down and sideways movement
or motion experienced during an
earthquake.
displacement on the ground due to
movement of fault .
This is a series of giant sea waves commonly
generated by under-the-sea earthquakes and
whose heights could be greater than 5
meters.
It is a process that transforms the behavior
of a body of sediments from that of a solid
to that of a liquid when subjected to
extremely intense shaking.
loose thin soil covering on the slopes of steep
mountains are prone to mass movement,
especially when shaken during an
earthquake.
I. The key to effective disaster
prevention is planning.
A. Know the earthquake hazards
in your area
B. Follow structural design and
engineering practices when
constructing a house or a
building
C. Evaluate structural soundness of
the buildings and houses;
strengthen or retrofit if necessary
II. Prepare your homes, workplace
or schools:
A. Strap or bolt heavy furniture,
cabinets to the walls
B. Check the stability of hanging
objects like ceiling fans and
chandeliers
C. Breakable items, harmful
chemicals and flammable
materials should be stored
properly in the lowermost secured
shelves
III. Familiarize yourself with the
exit routes.
IV. Know where fire extinguishers,
first aid kits, alarms and
communication facilities are
located. Learn how to use them
beforehand.
A. Prepare a handy emergency
supply kit with first aid kit,
canned food and can opener,
water, clothing, blanket, battery-
operated radio, flashlights and
extra batteries
V. Conduct and participate in
regular earthquake drills
I. When you are INSIDE a structurally
sound building or home…STAY
there! Do the “Duck, Cover and Hold
on”
A. If possible, quickly open the door for
exit.
B. Duck under a sturdy desk or table,
and hold on to it, or protect your
head with your arms
C. Stay away from glass windows,
shelves and other heavy objects
D. Beware of falling objects. Be alert
and keep your eyes open.
II. If you’re OUTSIDE.. move to an
open area!
A. Stay away from trees, power lines,
posts and concrete structures
B. Move away from steep slopes which
may be affected by landslides
C. If you’re near the shore and feel an
earthquake especially if it’s too
strong, MOVE QUICKLY
TO HIGHER GROUNDS. Tsunamis
might follow.
III. If you’re in a moving vehicle, STOP
and get out! Do not attempt to cross
bridges, overpasses or flyovers
which may have been damaged.
I. Be prepared for aftershocks.
Once the shaking stops, take the
fastest and safest way out of the
building.
II. DON’T…
A. …use elevators
B. …enter damaged buildings
C. …use telephone unless
necessary
D. …PANIC
III. CHECK…
A. …yourself and others for
injuries
B. ..water and electrical lines for
damages
C. …for spills of chemical, toxic
and flammable materials
D. …and control fires which may
spread
IV. If you need to evacuate your
residence, leave a message
stating where you are going
and bring your emergency
supply kit
V. Keep updated on disaster
prevention instructions form
battery-operated radios.
sea waves resulting from the
disturbance of ocean floor by
an earthquake; is a series of
giant sea waves commonly
generated by under-the-sea
earthquakes and whose
heights could be
greater than 5 meters.
A tsunami is a Japanese word meaning
“harbor waves”. A tsunami is
commonly generated by disturbances
associated with earthquakes occurring
below or near the
ocean floor. It occurs when the
earthquake is shallow-seated and strong
enough to displace parts of
the seabed and disturb the mass of water
over it. In addition, underwater volcanic
eruptions and
landslides can also generate a tsunami.
Sometimes, tsunamis are erroneously called
“tidal waves”. Remember that tsunamis are
generated
by earthquakes and tsunami waves are
generated because of movement of fault
under the sea.
Tsunamis have nothing to do with high tide
and low tide which is caused by the
gravitational pull
between the earth and moon. The increase in
wave heights associated or during typhoons
(when
there are strong winds) or tropical cyclones
are called “storm surges”.
FAR FIELD or
LOCAL
DISTANT
TSUNAMI
TSUNAMIS
Local tsunamis are
confined to coasts within a
hundred kilometers of the
source usually
earthquakes and a
landslide or a pyroclastic
flow. It can reach the
shoreline within 2 to 5
minutes.
Far field or distant tsunamis can
travel from 1 to 24 hours before
reaching the coast of the nearby
countries. These tsunamis mainly
coming from the countries
bordering Pacific Ocean like Chile
(1960 2010, 2015), Alaska in USA
and Japan (2011).
1. Identify the following if True or False.
A. I should go to the shore to watch a tsunami.
B. All undersea earthquakes cause tsunami.
C. If I felt a strong earthquake while near the coast,
I should wait to hear the rumbling sound before
moving to high ground
D. If a small tsunami is coming, I should get out of
the water and wait until I hear it is safe to return.
E. Is a big tsunami is coming, I should move as far
inland as I can or to higher ground.
F. If I am swimming when a small tsunami comes, I
could get dragged out to sea by the strong rips
and currents.
G. A tsunami is most often caused by undersea
earthquakes.
Magnitude of an earthquake
refers to the amount of energy
released, measured by the
amount of ground displacement or
shaking. It is calculated based on
record of the
earthquake (seismograph). It is
represented by Arabic numbers
(ex. 4.8, 9.0)
Intensity is the strength of an
earthquake as perceived and felt by
people in a certain
locality. It is a numerical rating based
on relative effects to people, objects,
environment
and structures in the surroundings.
The intensity is generally higher near
the epicenter. It is
represented by Roman Numerals (ex.
II, IV, IX) .
People and properties are affected by
earthquake due to any or a
combination
of the following: unsafe location, poor
construction, people don’t believe or
know that they be
affected, people don’t know how they
can be affected, people don’t know
what to do, and
there is lack of timely and proper
response.
Hazard Maps are maps that show different
hazards that may affect a certain area. For
earthquakes, a ground shaking hazard
map shows the distribution of earthquake
shaking
levels that have a certain probability of
occurring. A ground rupture hazard map
shows
areas wherein faults cut across. There are
hazard maps for liquefaction,
earthquakeinduced
landslide and tsunami.
A. Map Title (tells you what
the map is all about);
B. Legend (details of what
each symbols mean)
C. Scale (refer to the bar
scale as this helps
determine distances, etc)