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Sabah Dispute

The document summarizes the territorial dispute between Malaysia and the Philippines over the Malaysian state of Sabah, located in the northern part of the island of Borneo. It traces the origins of the dispute back to the 18th century when the Sultanate of Sulu leased the territory to the British North Borneo Company. When Sabah was incorporated into the formation of Malaysia in the 1960s, the Philippines began claiming sovereignty over the territory. This has led to sporadic tensions and conflicts between the two countries over Sabah, including an armed standoff in Lahad Datu, Sabah in 2013. While Malaysia maintains full control over Sabah, the Philippines continues to dispute its sovereignty.

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240 views

Sabah Dispute

The document summarizes the territorial dispute between Malaysia and the Philippines over the Malaysian state of Sabah, located in the northern part of the island of Borneo. It traces the origins of the dispute back to the 18th century when the Sultanate of Sulu leased the territory to the British North Borneo Company. When Sabah was incorporated into the formation of Malaysia in the 1960s, the Philippines began claiming sovereignty over the territory. This has led to sporadic tensions and conflicts between the two countries over Sabah, including an armed standoff in Lahad Datu, Sabah in 2013. While Malaysia maintains full control over Sabah, the Philippines continues to dispute its sovereignty.

Uploaded by

Jesusa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The North Borneo

or Sabah Conflict

Group 2 – Territorial Disputes


Saladanan, Jesusa May E.
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Sabah, located in the northern
half of the island of Borneo has
been at the center of a diplomatic
row between Malaysia and the
Philippines – which claims much
of its eastern half – since the early
1960s. Currently, Sabah remains
under the sovereignty of Malaysia
and the matter has laid dormant
Map showing area of the Philippine claim of Sabah
submitted to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in
2001 and the historical extent of the Sulu Sultanate.
for many years.
But it has since resurfaced.
https://theaseanpost.com/article/right-north-borneo 3
The recent question of Sabah’s sovereignty comes in light of
a proposed shift to a federal system of government by
Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte’s administration. The
shift which was largely to avoid Manila-centric politics
requires the nation to be domestically separated into states
with Manila serving as the “federal capital.”

In drawing up proposals for this new model, member of the


consultative committee, Aquilino Pimentel, included Sabah
as part of Philippine territory. Pimentel’s proposals included
12 states and he suggested that Sabah be added on as the
nation’s 13th state.

https://theaseanpost.com/article/right-north-borneo
“There should be a way that is acceptable under
international laws to assert our claim to Sabah. I think
we can defer it a little bit more but to say that we stop
doing it is not in the context of my proposal,” he said in
an interview with Filipino media, ABS-CBN News
Channel.

In response, Malaysian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Anifah


Aman rubbished the remarks and warned that such
statements could hurt bilateral relations between the
two nations. He also reiterated his country’s position that
it “…does not recognize and will not entertain any claims
by any party on Sabah.”

https://theaseanpost.com/article/right-north-borneo
• Started when the sultan of Brunei sought help from the other
sultans in Sulu to quell the rebellion happening in his jurisdiction.
• 600 Filipino warriors under Nakuas Sangkalang and Angging
from the Sultanate of Sulu in 1704, helpe in the rebellion.
• As part of gratitude to the Sultanate of Sulu, Sultan Muaddin of
Brunei gave a portion of Sabah.

6
● Later on, the British East India Company, which became
British North Borneo Company under Gustavus Baron
de Overbeck and Alfred Dent, came into the picture and
asked the Sultan of Sulu if they could lease the said
portion of Sabah
● Sultan of Sulu accepted the offer, which helped them to
financially support their fight against the Spanish
colonizers at the time.
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● When the British government became aggressive in its
colonization of the Malaysian Federation, the British
company decided to secede Sabah to the
British government.

8
1957
• The preceding situation complicated the arrangement
between the company and the Sultanate of Sulu for the
when British granted independence to the Malaysians at
this year, 1957, they included Sabah in the territories
which they turned over.
• The supposed sovereignty of Sabah came into the
control of the Malaysian government.

9
● The Philippine government during the time of Pres.
Diosdado Macapagal, together with then Sultanate of
Sulu Esmail Kiram I, formally pursued the claim over
Sabah.

10
● April 24, 1962, the heirs of Sulu transferred the
sovereignty of Sabah to the Republic of the Philippines
under the Recognition and Authority in Favor of the
Republic of the Philippines.
● The Congress then enacted RA 5446, amending the
Baseline Law or RA 3046 of the country, which now
includes Sabah as part of it sovereignty.

11
12
1967
• The National Historical
Commission marker for the
Mindanao Peace Garden states: “
This site served as a camp for the
training of Moro youth headed by
staff of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines.

• This started in Simunul, Tawi-tawi


on December 17, 1967, and
transferred to Corregidor on
January 3, 1968.
13
1968
• The plan to pursue Sabah continue during the time of
Pres. Ferdinand Marcos. The plan, called Operation
Merdeka (Operation Freedom), included an aggressive
way of taking over Sabah and convincing the Filipinos
residing in Sabah to secede from Malaysia.
• The operation involved a series of trainings including
combat training. Members of the operation were largely
Tausugs and Sama Muslim recruits from Sulu and
Tawi-Tawi

14
President Marcos’ attempt to claim Sabah through Operation
Merdeka was a failure for the disgruntled recruits later found out
that they were to fight Muslim brothers in Sabah.

Added to this was the frustration of not getting paid as promised.


This later on resulted to the Jabidah (the name of the commando
unit of the trainees) massacre where the recruits were believed to
have been killed in their training ground in Corregidor.

The Jabidah Massacre allegedly caused anger among Muslims in


Mindanao an later on results to the Muslim insurgency to the
South.

15
16
The 2013 Lahad Datu standoff was a military conflict that started on
February 11, 2013 in the district of Felda Sahabat, Sabah. 200 followers of
Sultan Jamalul Kiram III was led by Raja Muda Agbimuddin Kiram.

Kiram III stated that their objective was to assert the


unresolved dispute of the Philippines to eastern Sabah. Malaysian
security forces surrounded the village of Tanduo in Lahad Datu, where
the group had gathered and, after several weeks of negotiations and
unmet deadlines for the intruders to withdraw, especially after the
killing of Malaysian police members, the Malaysian security forces
began to launch a major operation to flush out the Sulu militants.

The invasion of Lahad Daturesulted to the death of 60 people, including


Malaysian toops. The insurgents were not successful in their quest

Mike Frialde (23 February 2013). "Sultanate of Sulu wants Sabah returned to Phl". The Philippine Star. 24 February 2013. & "Malaysian troops sent to
Borneo after police slain". Agence France-Presse. South China Morning Post. 4 March 2013. Archived from the original on 10 April 2017.
17
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The claim to Sabah, a timber- and oil-rich territory that annually
contributes USD 73 billion to Malaysia’s economy, is not a
simple fight on sovereignty. The February 2013 attack in Sabah
by the Tausugs were meant to show the presence of Filipino
claimants and the right to fight for the territory which was only
leased to the British, then to Malaysia, for 5,300 ringgit or PHP
73,140 annually, a lease fee that did not change for more than a
century. It is a contract that the Kirams no longer want to
extend so the country could claim the land and benefit from its
resources.

In May 2016, Pres. Rodrigo Duterte stated in an interview that


the government would pursue its claim on Sabah for it is within
the country’s 200-nautical mile economic zone.

19
Thank you =))

20
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