ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL, CHEMICAL AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING DRAWING ; MEng1102
CHAPTER- 4
PICTORIAL DRAWING

28/11/2022
CONTENTS
4.1. Revision on basic classification of Projection
4.2. Definitions of pictorial drawing
4.3. Methods used to draw pictorial drawing
4.3.1. Axonometric Projection
4.3.1.1. Types of Axonometric Projection
4.3.2. Oblique Projection
4.3.2.1. Classification of Oblique drawing
Reference
Learning outcomes
Upon completing this chapter students expected:
 Able to explain the difference between Multi-view drawing and
pictorial drawing
 Able to explain the difference between an axonometric projection
and an oblique projection.
 Able to create an isometric and oblique sketches from multi-view
drawing.
4.1. Revision on basic classification of Projection
4.2. Definition

• Pictorial drawing representation of an object showing the three

faces on a single plane to represent an object in its realistic
appearance.

• Or Pictorial drawing is a drawing by which shape and size of an

object is expressed in three dimensions to show the three faces (i.e.
height, width and depth).
• In multi-view representation of an object, two or more views are used

to describe its form or shape and size accurately. However , since

each of the views shows only one face and two principal dimensions

of an object.

• Multi-view drawings are two dimensional drawings where as

pictorial drawings are three dimensional drawings.

 In spite of its advantage, pictorial drawing has the following

limitations as compared to a multi-view drawing:

it frequently has a distorted and unreal appearance of object being

represented,

relatively required more time to prepare pictorial representation of an object

it is difficult to measure and to give dimensions.

4.3. Methods used to draw pictorial drawing

• Method used to sketch pictorial drawing is divided into three

classifications:

i. Axonometric projection,

ii. Oblique projection, and

iii. Perspective or central projection.

The difference among the three projection types is illustrated
pictorially as shown
4.3.1. Axonometric Projection
Parallel each other & normal
to picture plane
B
A

D
Line C
of B
A
sight
D
C
4.3.1.1. Types of Axonometric Projection
Type of axonometric drawing
Axonometric axis
a
1. Isometric All angles are equal.
b c

B
A B a
Axonometric axis
A D
C 2. Dimetric c Two angles are equal.
D b

a
Axonometric axis
3. Trimetric c
b None of angles are
equal.
Isometric Projection
& Isometric drawing
Isometric Projection
Rotate 45
about vertical axis

Tilt forward
(35o16’)

All edges foreshorten

about 0.8 time.
Isometric Drawing
Isometric drawing is a drawing drawn on an
isometric axes using full scale.
Isometric projection Isometric drawing
(True projection) (Full scale)

Foreshorten

Full scale
A. Positions of Isometric Axes
Isometric axes can be arbitrarily positioned to
create different views of a single object.
Regular Reverse axis Long axis
isometric isometric isometric

View point is looking View point is looking View point is looking

down on the top of up on the bottom of from the right (or left)
the object. the object. of the object.
B. Distance in Isometric Drawing
True-length distances are shown along isometric lines.

Isometric line is the line that run parallel to any of the

isometric axes.

Non-isometric lines

Isometric axes
Isometric
Sketching
Sketch from an actual object
1. Place the object in the position which its shape
and features are clearly seen.
2. Define an isometric axis.
3. Sketching the enclosing box.
4. Estimate the size and relationship of each
details.
5. Darken all visible lines.
Sketch from an actual object

STEPS
1. Positioning object.
2. Select isometric axis.
3. Sketch enclosing
box.
4. Add details.
5. Darken visible lines.
Sketch from an actual object
STEPS
1. Positioning object.
2. Select isometric axis.
3. Sketch enclosing
box.
4. Add details.

5. Darken visible lines.

Note In isometric sketch/drawing), hidden lines are omitted

unless they are absolutely necessary to completely
describe the object.
Sketch from multi-view drawing

1. Interpret the meaning of lines/areas in

multi-view drawing.

2. Locate the lines or surfaces relative to

isometric axis.
Example 1 : Object has only normal surfaces
Top
Regular H
Top View
Front
Side

W
D
Front View Side View
H
W D
Side
Reverse Front
Bottom View
Bottom
Example 2 : Object has inclined surfaces

D
Non-isometric line
y

H
y

x
x
W
Front View
Example 3 : Object has inclined surfaces
x

C B A x

x x
B

C A

y
y

C
B A

Non-isometric line
Example 4 Regular
x

y C
E
B D F Front View
A
B

C D Reverse
A F E
1. Define isometric axes and lightly draw the overall
dimensions of the box.
C. Circle & Arc in Isometric
In isometric drawing, a circle appears as an ellipse.

Sketching Steps

1. Locate the center of an ellipse.

2. Construct an isometric square.
3. Sketch arcs that connect the
tangent points.
Circle & Arc in Isometric
Four-center method is usually used when drawn an isometric ellipse with
drawing instrument.
Sketching Steps
1. Locate the center of an ellipse.
2. Construct an isometric square.
3. Construct a perpendicular bisector from each
tangent point.
4. Locate the four centers.
5. Draw the arcs with these centers and
tangent to isometric square.
Example 5
D. Irregular Curve in Isometric
Steps

1. Construct points along the curve in multi-view

drawing.

2. Locate these points in the isometric view.

3. Sketch the connecting lines.

4.3.2. Oblique Projection
• Projectors are parallel to
Parallel & oblique
each other but not to picture plane

perpendicular to the plane A

A
Line
of projection. of B
C
B

sight C
• It is a pictorial projection. D
D

• All faces of the object are

visible in a single view.
4.3.2.1. Classification of Oblique drawing
Oblique drawing angle

60o
45o
A
30o
B

C
A B
D
1) Cavalier 2) Cabinet
C D
Full Half
scale scale

45o 45o
A. Cavalier Oblique drawing: is a type of oblique drawing in which
the same full scale is used along all the three axes.

B. Cabinet Oblique drawing: oblique drawing in which the scale

along the receding axis is reduced by one half.
C. General oblique drawing: is a type of oblique drawing in which
the scale along the receding axis is reduced between one half and full
size e.g. three-fourth of the true length is commonly used.
Oblique
Sketching
A. Object Orientation Guidelines
Place complex features (arc, hole, irregular shape surface parallel
to frontal plane.
Object Orientation Guidelines
The longest dimension of an object should be
parallel to the frontal plane.

GOOD GOOD

WORSE WORSE
Object Orientation Guidelines
Which orientation is better ?

Not
B. Sketch from actual object

ESTIMATE DEPTH ESTIMATE LINES

45
Sketch from multi-view drawing
Sketch from multi-view drawing
Sketch from multi-view drawing

E
D

B
A
Sketch from multi-view drawing
E
D

B
A
Sketch from multi-view drawing

E
D

B
A
Sketch from multi-view drawing

E
D

B
A
SUMMARY
 Pictorial drawing representation of an object showing the three faces on
a single plane to represent an object in its realistic appearance.
 Method used to sketch pictorial drawing are Axonometric, Oblique, and
Perspective projection.
 In isometric drawing, a circle appears as an ellipse.
 In Oblique projection the projectors are parallel to each other and the
projector lines makes angle other than 900 . All faces of the object are
visible in a single view.
Thanks!!