SRI CHAITANYA EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS,INDIA.

A.P,TELANGANA,KARNATAKA,TAMILNADU,MAHARASHTRA,DELHI,RANCHI,CHANDIGARH
THERMODYNAMICS

1. STATEMENT(A): A quasi-static process is (1) is in equilibrium state throughout

an infinitely slow process such that the (2) is not in equilibrium state throughout
system remains in thermal and mechanical (3) could have variable pressure during the
equilibrium with the surroundings expansion of gas
throughout.
STATEMENT(B): Spontaneous processes of (4) Both (2) and (3)
nature are irreversible. 6. A:When 1g. of ice at 00c is melted into 1g. of
(1) A is true and B is false water at atmospheric pressure, then change in
(2) A is false and B is true the internal energy is less than 80 calories.
(3) Both A and B are true R:During the melting ofice the work is done
(4) Both A and B are false on the atmosphere as volume gets decreased.
2. Intensive state variables (1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the
correct explanation of (A)
(1) Do not become half, when system is (2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not
divided into two equal parts the correct explanation of (A)
(2) pressure, temperature, density are (3) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct
intensive state variables (4) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct
(3) Both (1) and (2) 7. The P-V diagram for and ideal gas in a piston
(4) Neither (1) nor (2) cylinder assembly undergoing a
3. Quasi – static process means thermodynamical process is shown in the
figure. The process is
(1) a nearly static process
(2) a process in which in every stage system
is in equilibrium
(3) that the change in P, V and T of the
system occur, so slowly that the system
remains in equilibrium at every instant with
its surroundings
(4) All of the above (1) Isothermal (2) Adiabatic
(3) Isochoric (4) Isobaric
4. Internal energy
8. The first law of thermodynamics is based on
I) is macroscopic state variable the law of conservation of
II) is microscopic state variable (1) Energy (2) Mass
III) depends on the state of the system, not (3) Momentum (4) Pressure
how that state is achieved 9. A system performs work W when an
IV) is a thermodynamic state variable amount of heat Q is added to the system.
Choose the correct option regarding above The corresponding change in the internal
statements energy is U . A unique function of initial
and final states irrespective of the mode of
(1) I and III are correct
change is:
(2) ii, III and IV are correct (1) W (2) Q
(3) I, III and iv are correct (3) W and Q (4) U
(4) I IV are correct
5. If a gas is allowed to expand freely, it
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10. Thermodynamic process is shown below on a P. Process I a. Adiabatic
PV-diagram for one mole of an ideal gas. If Q. Process II b. Isobaric
T R. Process III c. Isochoric
V2  2V1 , then the ratio of 2 is S. Process IV d. Isothermal
T1
(1) P - c, Q -a, R-d, S-b
(2) P -c, Q - d, R - b, S – a
(3) P - d, Q - b, R - a, S –c
(4) P - a, Q - c, R - d, S –b
14. Assertion(A) : The specific heat capacity of a
gas at constant pressure is always greater
than its specific heat capacity at constant
volume.
1 Reason(R) : Work is done by a gas when it
(1) (2) 2
2 expands.
1 (1) Both A & R are correct. R is correct
(3) 2 (4)
2 explanation of A
11. A bullet of mass 5 g , travelling with a speed (2) Both A and R are correct but R is not
of 210 ms-1, strikes a fixed wooden target. Its correct explanation of A
kinetic energy is converted into heat and half (3) A is correct, R is incorrect
of the heat generated rises the temperature of (4) A is incorrect, R is correct
bullet. The rise in temperature of the bullet 15. Heat is supplied to a diatomic gas at constant
will be specific heat of material of bullet is pressure. The ratio of Q : U : W is
0.030 cal g-1 0C-1) (1) 5 : 3 : 2 (2) 5 : 2 : 3
(1) 87.50 C (2) 83.3 0C (3) 7 : 5 : 2 (4) 7 : 2 : 5
0
(3) 119.2 C (4) 38.4 0C 16. A gas mixture consists of 3 moles of oxygen
12. In the adiabatic compression, the decrease in and 5 moles of argon at temperature T.
volume is associated with Considering only translational and rotational
modes, the total internal energy of the system
(1) Increase in temperature and increase in
is
pressure
(1) 15RT (2) 20RT
(2) Decrease in temperature and increase in (3) 4RT (4) 12RT
pressure 17. If CP and CV denote the specific heats of
nitrogen per unit mass at constant pressure
(3) Decrease in temperature and decrease in and constant volume respectively, then
pressure (1) CP – CV = 28R (2) CP – CV = R/28
(3) CP – CV = R/14 (4) CP – CV = R
(4) Increase in temperature and decrease in 18. A gas is taken through the cycle
pressure A  B  C  A, as shown. What is the
13. Thermodynamic processes are indicated in the et work done by the gas ?
following diagram :

Match the following.

Column-1 Column-2 (1) – 1000 J (2) – 2000J
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(3) 2000 J (4) 1000 J 22. A gas can be taken from A to B via two
19. A box (thermally insulated) has two different processes, ACB and ADB.
chambers separated by a membrane. One of
volume V contains an ideal gas at
V
temperature T. The other of volume is
2
evacuated. If the membrane breaks down,
the gas temperature will be
3 2T When path ACB is used 60J of heat flows
(1) T (2) into the system and 30J of work is done by
2 3
the system. If path ADB is used work done
T by the system is 10J. The heat flow into the
(3) T (4)
2 system in path ADB is:
20. A fixed mass of an ideal gas undergoes the (1) 80J (2) 20J
change represented by XYZX below (shown (3) 100J (4) 40J
in figure) 23. A system goes from A to B via two processes
I and II as shown in the figure. If  U1 and
 U2 are the changes in the internal energies
in the processes I and II respectively, then-

P
II
A B
I
Which one of the following sets could
V
describe this set of changes?
XY YZ ZX (1)  U1 =  U2
(1) Isothermal Adiabatic Compression
expansion compression at constant (2) Relation between  U1 and  U2 cannot
pressure be determined
(2) Adiabatic Isothermal Pressure
expansion compression reduction (3)  U2>  U1
at constant (4)  U2<  U1
volume
(3) Isothermal Adiabatic Compression 24. The pressure of given mass of a gas in a
compression expansion at constant thermodynamic system is changed in such a
pressure way that 20 joule of heat is released from the
(4) Adiabatic Isothermal Compression gas and 8 joule of work is done on the gas. If
compression expansion at constant the initial internal energy of the gas was 30
pressure joule then final internal energy will be
21. An ideal gas has molecules with 5 degrees of
freedom. The ratio of specific heats at (1) 2 Joule (2) 42 Joule
constant pressure  CP  and at constant (3) 18 Joule (4) 58 Joule
volume  CV  is
25. An ideal gas is taken through the cycle
(1) 6 (2)
7 A  B  C  A as shown in figure. If the
2 net heat supplied to the gas in the cycle is 5 J.
5 7 The workdone by the gas in the process
(3) (4)
2 5 C  A is

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(1)
2 C B

V(m3)

1 A

P (N/m3) 10

(1) –5J (2) –10J (2)

(3) –15J (4) –20 J
26. A gas is compressed at a constant pressure of
3
50 N / m2 from a volume 10m to a volume
of 4m 3 . 100 J of heat is added to the gas then
its internal energy
(1) Increases by 400 J
(2) Increases by 200 J
(3) Decreases by 400 J (3)

(4) Decreases by 200 J

27. A container of volume 1m3 is divided into

equal compartments, one of which contains
an ideal gas at 300 K. The other compartment
is vaccum. The whole system is thermally
isolated from its surroundings. The partition
is removed and the gas expands to occupy
the whole volume of the container. Its
temperature now would be
(4)
(1) 300 K (2) 250 K
(3) 200 K (4) 100 K
28. A cycle process is shown on P-T diagram.
Which of the following curves shows the
same process on P-V diagram

P C B

A 29. P-V diagram of an ideal gas is shown in the

figure. In the process ABCD, the work done
by the gas will be
O
T

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(3)
(1) 4PV
1 1 (2) 2PV
1 1
(3) 3PV
1 1 (4) P1V1
30. Two cylinders A and B of equal capacity are
connected to each other via a stop cock. A
contains in ideal gas at standard temperature
and pressure, B is completely evacuated.
The entire system is thermally insulated. The
stop cock is suddenly opened. The process is
(1) Isobaric (2) Isothermal (4)
(3) Adiabatic (4) Isochoric 32. 310 J of heat is required to raise the
31. One mole of an ideal gas goes from an initial temperature of 2 mol of an ideal gas at
state A to final state B via two processes. It 0
constant pressure from 25 C to temperature
first undergoes isothermal expansion from
of the gas through the same range at constant
volume V to 3 V at constant pressure. The
volume is
correct P-V diagram representing the two
processes is (1) 384 J (2) 144 J
(3) 276 J (4) 452 J
33. Two cylinders A and B fitted with pistons
contain equal amounts of an ideal diatomic
gas at 300 K. The piston of A is free to move
while that of B is held fixed. The same
amount of heat is given to the gas in each
cylinder. If the rise in temperature of the gas
in A is 30 K, then the rise in temperature of
the gas in Bis
(1) (1)30 K (2)18 K
(3)50 K (4)42 K
34. The ratio of specific heats for a gas is  . Its
molecular weight is M. Its specific heat
capacity at constant pressure is
R R
(1) (2)
 1  1
R  RM
(3) (4)
M   1   1
35. The internal energy (U) pressure (P) and
volume(V) of an ideal agas are related as
(2) U=3PV+4. The gas is
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(1) Diatomic only (1) 5/2 (2) 2/5
(2) Polyatomic only
(3) Either diatomic or monoatomic (3) 5/3 (4) 3/5
(4) Monoatomic only 42. An ideal monatomic gas expands at constant
36. Three moles of a diatomic gas are in a closed pressure when heat Q is supplied to it. The
container at an absolute temperature of T. work done by the gas during expansion is
How much heat energy is to be supplied to 2 2
the system, so that two moles of the gas (1) Q (2) Q
5 3
completely dissociate? Assume that there is
no change in the temperature of the gas. (R is 3
(3) Q (4) Q
molar gas constant) 5
RT 43. One mole of an ideal gas at an initial
(1) RT (2)
2 temperature of T K does 6R joules of work
3RT adiabatically. If the ratio of specific heats of
(3) 2RT (4)
2 this gas at constant pressure and at constant
37. An ideal gas at a pressure of 1 atmosphere volume is 5/3, the final temperature of the
and temperature of 27ºC is compressed gas will be
adiabatically until its pressure becomes 8 (1) T 2.4 K (2) T 2.4 K
times the initial pressure, then the final
temperature is
  3 / 2 (3) T 4K (4) T 4K
(1) 600ºC (2) 527ºC 44. In an adiabatic process, when pressure is
(3) 427ºC (4) 327ºC 2 C 3
increased by % , if P  , then the
38. An ideal gas at a pressure of 1 atmosphere 3 CV 2
and temperature of 27ºC is compressed
volume decreases by about
adiabatically until its pressure becomes 8
times the initial pressure, then the final 4 2
(1) % (2) %
temperature is
  3 / 2 9 3
(1) 600ºC (2) 527ºC 9
(3) 5 % (4) %
(3) 427ºC (4) 327ºC 4
39. P-V diagram of a diatomic gas is a straight 45. Starting with the same initial conditions, an
line passing through origin. The molar heat ideal gas expands from volume V1 to V2 in
capacity of the gas in the process will be three different ways. The work done by the
(1) 4 R (2) 2.5 R gas is W1 if the process is purely isothermal,
4R W2 if purely isobaric and W3 if purely
(3) 3 R (4)
3 adiabatic. Then
40. The pressure and density of a diatomic gas (1) W2  W1  W3 (2) W2  W3  W1
(  7 / 5) change adiabatically from (P, d) (3) W1  W2  W3 (4) W1  W3  W2
d' P' 46. An ideal monoatomic gas is taken round the
to (P', d'). If  32 , then should be
d P cycle ABCDA as shown in the P-V diagram.
The efficiency of the cycle is
(1) 1/128 (2) 32 P 2P,V 2P,2V
B C
(3) 128 (4) 256
41. The relation between P and T for
monoatomic gas during adiabatic process A D
is P  T . The value of C is
C P,V P,2V
V

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2 temperature of 500 K. It is desired to have
(1) 1 (2)
13 an engine of efficiency 60%. Then, he intake
2 temperature for the same exhause (sink)
(3) (4) zero temperature must be
15
47. Assertion-(A): When a bottle of cold (1) efficiency of Carnot engine cannot be
carbonated drink is opened, a slight fog made larger than 50%
forms around the opening. (2) 1200 K
Reason-(R):Adiabatic expansion of the gas (3) 750 K
causes lowering of temperature and (4) 600 K
condensation of water vapours.
(1) (A) is true but (R) is false 52. Choose the correct option
(2) Both (A) and (R) are false (1) Carnot engine have miximum efficiency
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not than any other engine woring between the
the correct explanation of (A) same temperatures
(4) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the (2) The efficiency of the engine is
correct explanation of (A) independent of the nature of working
48. In a given process on an ideal gas, dW = 0 substance
and dQ < 0. Then for the gas (3) Efficiency depends on natural of working
substance
(1) The temperature decreases (4) Both a and b
(2) The volume increases 53. A gas is compressed isothermally to half its
initial volume. the same gas is compressed
(3) The pressure remains constant separately through an adiabatic process unitl
its volume is again reduced to half. Then
(4) The temperature increases
(1) Compressing the gas isothermally will
49. P, V plots for two gases during adiabatic require more work to be done
processes are shown in the figure. Plots 1 and (2) Compressing the gas through adiabatic
2 should correspond, respectively, to process will require more work to be done
(3) Compressing the gas isothermally or
adiabatically will require the same amount of
work
(4) Work done, either by adiabatic
compression or isothermal compression,
depends on the atomocity of the gas
(1) He and O2 (2) O2 and He 54. Internal energy
(3) He and Ar (4) O2 and N2 I. is macroscopic state variable
II. is microscopic state variable
50. An ideal refrigerator has a freezer at a
III. depends on the state of the system, not
temperature of 130 C . Coefficient of how that state is achieved
performance of the engine is 5. The
temperature of the air (to which heat is IV. is a thermodynamic state variable
rejected) will be Choose the correct option regarding above
statements
(1) 3250 C (2) 3250 K
(1) I and III are correct
(3) 390 C (4) 3200 C (2) II, III and IV are correct
51. A carnot engine, whose efficiency is 40% , (3) I, III and IV are correct
takes in heat from a source maintained at a (4) I and IV are correct
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55. Choose the correct option 59. A geyser heats water flowing at the rate of
(1) Carnot engine is only reversible engine 3.0 L/min from 270C to 770C . If the
that could work between two reservoirs of geyser operates on a gas burner, what is the
different temperatures rate of consumption of fuel, if its heat of
(2) If wer reverse the cycle of carnot engine, consumption is 4.0 104 Jg 1 ?
it will behave as a reversible refrigerator
(3) Both a and b (1) 15.75g min 1
(2) 14.75g min 1
(4) Neither a and b
56. Choose the correct option
(1) Carnot engine have maximum efficiency (3) 15.75kg min 1
than any other engine working between the
(4) 14.75kg min 1
same temperatures
(2) The efficiency of the engine is 60. In thermodynamic processes which of the
independent of the nature of working following statements is not true ?
substance (1) In an adiabatic process the system is
(3) Efficiency depends on natural of working insulated from the surroundings
substance (2) In an isochoric process pressure remains
(4) Both a and b constant
57. Figure below shows two paths that may be (3) In an isothermal process the temperature
taken by a gas to go from a state A to a state remains constant
C (4) In an adiabatic process PVγ =constant
In process AB, 400 J of heat is added to the
system and in process BC, 100 J of heat is
added to the system. The heat absorbed by
the system in the process AC will be

(1) 300 J (2) 380 J

(3) 500 J (4) 460 J
58. An electric heater supplies heat to a system at
a rate of 100 W. If the system performs work
at a rate of 75 Js1 . At what rate is the
internal energy increasing ?
(1) 30 Js1 (2) 15 Js1
(3) 10 Js1 (4) 25 Js1

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PHYSICS-key

1) 3 2) 3 3) 4 4) 4 5) 3 6) 3 7) 4 8) 1 9) 4 10) 3
11) 1 12) 1 13) 1 14) 2 15) 3 16) 1 17) 2 18) 1 19) 3 20) 4
21) 4 22) 4 23) 1 24) 3 25) 1 26) 1 27) 1 28) 2 29) 3 30) 3
31) 1 32) 2 33) 4 34) 3 35) 2 36) 1 37) 4 38) 4 39) 3 40) 3
41) 1 42) 1 43) 4 44) 1 45) 1 46) 2 47) 4 48) 1 49) 2 50) 3
51) 3 52) 4 53) 2 54) 3 55) 3 56) 4 57) 4 58) 4 59) 1 60) 2
SOLUTIONS
6. During the melting of ice, volume decreases 15
7. As pressure is constant the process is isobaric 2 RT U 15RT
2
9. Change in internal energy U depends only R
on initial and final states but independent of 17. c p  cv 
M
path 18. PV graph is clockwise with P on X-axis.
r 1
10. PV  cons tan t
1/2
TV  K or Area of PV - diagram givens negative work
TV 1r done by gas.
(1r ) 1 1
T2  V2    W  b.h   5 103  4 105  1000 J  ve 
  2 2
T1  V1  19. This is a case of free expansion. There will be
11 2 no change of temperature.
mv   Jms
2  2
11. 20. Slope of adiabatic curve > Isothermal
 21. U  5nRT / 2
210  210
   87.50 C 22.
4  0.03 4200
12. PV   K
TV  1  K
13. Thermodynamic processes
14. In isobaric process dQ  du  dw
7  7  QACB WACB UACB
15. Q  Cp T  RT  Cp R 
2  2  60J 30J U ACB
5  5  U ACB 30J
U  Cp T  RT  Cv R 
2  2  U ADB U ACB 30J
and W  Q  U  RT QACD U ACB WADB
 Q : U : W  7 : 5 : 2
23. Change in internal energy is independent of
16. We have, path, It depends on initial and Final states only
f1 5 24. Q=( Uf-Ui ) +W
U1 n1RT 3RT
2 2
f2 3
U2 n2 RT 5RT
2 2
Therefore, total energy, U U1 U2
15 15
RT RT
2 2
Sri Chaitanya Page 9
1r
2 C B
38. TP r
 constant
300  P  T2  P
 13  13
V
1 A T2  600K  3270 C
p 10 39. P-V diagram of the gas is a straight line
25. P  WAB = P  V = (10) passing through origin. Hence P  V or PV 1 
(2 – 1) = 10 J constant
 WBC = 0 Molar heat capacity in the process
From first law of thermodynamics PV x  constant is
Q = W + U C
R

R
; Here   1.4 (For diatomic
 U = 0 (process ABCA is cyclic)  1 1  x
  Q =  WAB +  WBC +  WCA gas)
  WCA =  Q –  WAB–  WBC = 5 – 10 C 
R

R
 C  3R
–0 1. 4  1 1  1
=–5J 40. Volume of the gas V 
m
and using PV  =
26. dQ  dU  P  V2  V1  d
constant
27. Work done in free expansion is zero.  
P'  V   d ' 
28. Conceptual We get        (32)7 / 5  128
P  V'   d 
29. WAB  P1  V1  2V1    P1V1
41.
WBC  0 For adiabatic process
WCD = 2P1  3V1  V1   4P1V1 P r 1  T r
dW  1 
WNet  3P1V1  1
dQ   
42.
33. In both cylinders A and B the gases are
diatomic ( = 1.4). Piston A is free to move i.e. 43. W
nR
T  T 
 1 1 2
it is isobaric process. Piston B is fixed i.e. it is
45. Area under PV – diagram is work
isochoric process. If same amount of heat Q
Wnet PV
is given to both then 46.  
(Q)isobaric  (Q)isochoric   C p (T )A   Cv (T )B Qabsorbed nCv dTAB  nC p dTBC
 (T )B  C p (T )A   (T )A  1.4  30  42 K. 47. Internal energy of gas decreases
Cv 48. Slope  
CP
34. Cp  CV  R and 
CV
35. U  3PV  4  3nRT  4
du
nCV   3nR CV  3R CP  4R
dT
36. Ui = 3(5RT/2) and Uf = 1(5RT/2) +
4(3RT/2). Q = U, since W = 0
1r
37. TP r
 constant
300  P  T2  P
 13  13

T2  600K  3270 C

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