Design of Hybrid Energy System of Three Wheel E-Bike 1 1 2 1 3

Prem Shinde , Fahad Iqbal , Sajid Naeem , Momin Shahbaz , Mahvi Malik Shahzad
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Maulana Mukhtar Ahmad Nadvi Technical Campus, Malegaon, 423203, Maharashtra, India
2
Department of Applied Sciences, Maulana Mukhtar Ahmad Nadvi Technical Campus, Malegaon, 423203, Maharashtra, India
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maulana Mukhtar Ahmad Nadvi Technical Campus, Malegaon, 423203, Maharashtra, India

Interna onal Conference on Innova ons in Mul disciplinary Research - ICIMR 2025 | 7-8 February 2025
Materials:
1 Introduc on 1. BLDC Motor: 4 Future Scope
The e-bike u lizes a 48V BLDC motor for efficient propulsion,
The shi towards sustainable urban mobility has spurred High-Energy-Density Ba eries: Adop on of advanced materials
offering sufficient power and torque for a smooth ride.
innova on in electric vehicles (EVs), par cularly in personal like lithium-sulfur (Li-S) and solid-state electrolytes for higher
2. Ba eries:
transporta on solu ons like e- bikes. Among various e-bike energy storage, enhanced safety, and extended lifespan.
A 48V ba eries comprised of four 12V, 9Ah ba eries connected in
configura ons, the three-wheel e-bike has emerged as a
series. This configura on provides the required voltage and
promising op on, offering increased stability, larger cargo Hybrid Energy Systems: Development of ba ery-supercapacitor
capacity for the BLDC motor. The ba ery pack is chosen for its cost
capacity, and suitability for diverse users, from commuters to hybrid systems to balance rapid energy discharge and sustained
effec veness and reliability.
delivery riders. To op mize the performance, reliability, and energy supply, improving power delivery and durability.
3. Controller:
efficiency of these vehicles, a hybrid energy system is a prac cal
A 48V controller dynamically manages the power flow between
solu on that combines the advantages of both ba eries and AI-Powered Ba ery Management: Implementa on of AI and
the ba ery and supercapacitor, op mizing performance and
supercapacitors. A hybrid energy system integrates two types of machine learning algorithms to op mize energy usage, predict
efficiency.
energy storage devices ba eries and supercapacitor to meet ba ery health, and enhance performance efficiency.
4. Supercapacitor:
different power and energy demands. Ba eries are excellent for
A 2.7V 100F supercapacitor is connected in series to the ba ery,
long-term energy storage, providing steady power for extended RenewableEnergy Integra on: Use of solar panels and wind
providing bursts of high power for accelera on and hill climbing.
travel, while supercapacitors excel at delivering quick bursts of turbines as auxiliary power sources for extended range and eco-
energy when needed, such as during accelera on or climbing hills. friendly charging op ons.
Table 1: Electrical specifica ons of E Bike
A hybrid energy system improves upon these aspects, making it
ideal for a three-wheel e-bike's unique demands. With a hybrid Regenera ve Braking Systems: Advanced systems to recover and
Specifica on Value
energy system, ba eries are relieved from handling sudden, high- convert kine c energy into electrical energy during decelera on,
power demands, which reduces wear and extends their lifespan. Capacitance 100 Farads
improving energy efficiency.
By leveraging the complementary strengths of ba eries and Rated Voltage 2.7 Volts
supercapacitors, a hybrid energy system provides a balanced and Smart IoT Charging Sta ons: Establishment of solar-powered, IoT-
Maximum ESR 30 milliohms (typical)
sustainable solu on, enabling longer travel range, improved enabled charging sta ons for efficient energy delivery based on
power efficiency, and enhanced reliability. This makes it Energy Storage Capacity Approximately 0.1 Wh
ba ery needs and environmental condi ons.
par cularly suited to the unique demands of a three-wheel e-bike, Power Density High
which requires both stable, sustained power and quick-response Energy Harves ng from Rider Effort: Development of systems to
Opera ng Temperature Typically -40°C to +65°
energy to handle frequent starts, stops, and inclines, ensuring a convert pedal mo on into supplemental energy, increasing the
Cycle Life -
Up to 500,000 - 1,000,000 cycles
smoother, more durable, and eco-friendly ride experience. sustainability of e-bikes.

5 Conclusions
Hybrid energy systems represent a significant advancement for
electric bikes, par cularly for three-wheel models that o en
require stable, high-power outputs. By integra ng mul ple energy
sources, such as ba eries and ultracapacitors, these systems
create a balanced approach to power management, enhancing
both the efficiency and reliability of the e-bike. The hybrid setup
allows each energy source to perform where it excels:
ultracapacitors handle high power surges and regenera ve
braking energy, while ba eries provide sustained energy for
extended travel. This combina on results in more efficient energy
usage, reducing energy wastage and lowering opera onal costs
over me, which is crucial for both personal and commercial uses
of three-wheel electric bikes. Another crucial aspect of
technological progress in hybrid systems is affordability. As hybrid
components, such as bidirec onal DC-DC converters and
advanced ba ery management systems, become more cost-
effec ve, manufacturers can offer electric bikes with hybrid
systems at lower prices. This increased affordability will likely
make electric bikes, including three-wheel models, accessible to a
broader range of consumers, promo ng wider adop on in urban
and suburban areas.
Figure 1 Block diagram of hybride energy system of E bike Figure 2 Working model of three wheel E bike

2 Exprimental details 3 Compara ve Studies References

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