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Guided Reading & Analysis: Nationalism and Economic Development, 1816-1848

Chapter 8- Nationalism and Economic Development, pp 150-166
Reading Assignment:
Ch. 8 AMSCO; If you do not have the AMSCO text, use chapters 12 & 14 of American Pageant It is emphatically the Province and Duty of the
and/or online resources such as the website, podcast, crash course video, chapter outlines, Judicial Department to Say what the Law is.
Hippocampus, etc.

Purpose:
This guide is not only a place to record notes as you read, but also to provide a place and
structure for reflections and analysis using your noggin (thinking skills) with new knowledge
gained from the reading. This guide, if completed in its entirety BOP (Beginning of Period)
by the due date, can be used on the corresponding quiz as well as earn up to 10 bonus points.
In addition, completed guides provide the student with the ability to correct a quiz for ½ points back!
The benefits of such activities, however, go far beyond quiz help and bonus points.  Mastery
of the course and AP exam await all who choose to process the information as they read/receive.
This is an optional assignment. So… young Jedi… what is your choice? Do? Or do not? There is no try.

Directions: (Image captured from ushistory.org)

1. Pre-Read: Read the prompts/questions within this guide before you read the chapter.
2. Skim: Flip through the chapter and note titles and subtitles. Look at images and read captions. Get a feel for the content you are about to read.
3. Read/Analyze: Read the chapter. If you have your own copy of AMSCO, Highlight key events and
people as you read. Remember, the goal is not to “fish” for a specific answer(s) to reading guide questions, but to consider questions in
order to critically understand what you read!
4. Write Write (do not type) your notes and analysis in the spaces provided. Complete it in INK!

Key Concepts FOR PERIOD 4:

Main Idea: The new republic struggled to define and extend democratic ideals in the face of rapid economic, territorial, and demographic
changes.
Key Concept 4.1: The United States developed the world’s first modern mass democracy and celebrated a new national culture, while Americans
sought to define the nation’s democratic ideals and to reform its institutions to match them.
Key Concept 4.2: Developments in technology, agriculture, and commerce precipitated profound changes in U.S. settlement patterns, regional
identities, gender and family relations, political power, and distribution of consumer goods.
Key Concept 4.3: U.S. interest in increasing foreign trade, expanding its national borders, and isolating itself from European conflicts shaped the
nation’s foreign policy and spurred government and private initiatives.

Section 1: The era begins with the end of the War of 1812 (1815) & the election of James Monroe (1816)

Remember the most significant thing to know about a war is the cause and effect…

THE WAR OF 1812 (1812-1814)

A. Causes B. Results
1. Impressment of American sailors 1. The status quo was maintained in the Treaty of Ghent
2. Problems with Indians in the Ohio River Valley (1815)
3. England continued to maintain forts on frontier 2. Increased nationalism
4. Agricultural depression 3. Increased manufacturing
5. War Hawks (Calhoun and Clay) wanted to expand to 4. Freedom of the seas restored
Canada and were anti-British 5. Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison became
war heros

Read the quote from Hezekiah Niles on page 150.

Based on this quote, what is a defining characteristic of the Era of Good Feelings?
Section 2 Guided Reading, pp 150-166
As you read the chapter, jot down your notes in the middle column. Consider your notes to be elaborations on the Objectives and Main Ideas presented in the left
column. When you finish the section, analyze what you read by answering the question in the right hand column.

1. The Era of Good Feelings pp 155-153

Key Concepts &
Main Ideas Notes Analysis

The Era of Good Feelings… To what extent was this era “good?”
While Americans
celebrated their nation’s
progress toward a
unified new national
culture that blended
Old World forms with James Monroe was the last of the Virginia
New World ideas, Dynasty. Who else was a member of this
various groups of the James Monroe… group?
nation’s inhabitants
developed distinctive
cultures of their own.

A new national culture

emerged, with various
Americans creating art, Explain how Parson Mason Weems’
architecture, and Cultural Nationalism… fictional story of a young George
literature that combined Washington chopping down a cherry tree
European forms with and then not being able to tell his father a
local and regional lie when confronted about it illustrates a
cultural sensibilities. cultural trend of the time.

Regional economic
specialization,
especially the demands
of cultivating southern
cotton, shaped Economic Nationalism…
settlement patterns and
the national and How did the tariff of 1816 differ from the
international economy tariff in Hamilton’s Plan during the early
Tariff of 1816… 1790s?
Despite some
governmental and
private efforts to create
a unified national
economy, most notably
the American System,
the shift to market Was Henry Clay more Hamiltonian or
production linked the Henry Clay’s American System… Jeffersonian? Explain your answer.
North and the Midwest
more closely than either
was linked to the South.

Why did Monroe veto road and canal

projects?

The Panic of 1819… How did the panic of 1819 impact

American voters?
Are you using ink? Remember… no pencil!
…Era of Good Feelings Continued

Key Concepts & Main

Ideas Notes Analysis

The nation’s Political Changes… Although the nation was united under a single
transformation to a political party, division emerged resulting in the
more participatory eventual development of new parties. Compare the
democracy was causes of these divisions to the causes of the
accompanied by Hamilton and Jefferson division leading to the first
continued debates two party system in the 1790s.
over federal power, the Changes in the Democratic-Republican Party…
relationship between
the federal government
and the states, the
authority of different
branches of the federal
government, and the
rights and
responsibilities of To what extent were these forces similar?
individual citizens.

2. Marshall’s Supreme Court and Central Government Powers pp 153-154

Key Notes
Concepts &
Main Ideas

Marshall’s Supreme Court and Central Government Powers… Appointment of midnight justices by John Adams rejected by Jefferson. Supreme
Supreme identify the cases by writing the names in the circles Court decided constitutionality of Judiciary Act. Court ruled delivery of appointments
not duty of court and declares Judiciary Act unconstitutional. Significance of Ruling:
Court 1803 gave the Court the power of judicial review
decisions
sought to
assert Georgia legislature canceled contract that granted land to speculators as
1810 part of bribe. S. Court ruled deal was legal and the state couldn’t nullify it
federal
even if it was gained with bribe. Significance of Ruling: established the
power over principle that state laws are invalid when in conflict with the Constitution
state laws
and the
Loyalist, Fairfax, had his land seized after Revolutionary War. He left land to relative following
primacy of his death but Virginia seized it. Court overturned state court ruling. Jay’s Treaty and Treaty of
the judiciary 1816
Paris both stated loyalist land would be returned. Significance of ruling: confirmed the Supreme
in Court's right to overrule a state court.
determining
the meaning Maryland wanted to tax branch of national bank. Court ruled against state.
of the 1819 Significance of Ruling: upheld the right of Congress to charter a national bank, thus
Constitution. putting into national law the doctrine of implied powers.

State wanted to make Dartmouth public school; charter was from

King George III for private. Court rules charter cannot be changed by
state. Significance of Ruling: by forbidding the state legislature to alter
1819 the college charter, established the principle that charters were
contracts which could not be impaired.

The state had tried and imprisoned people for illegally selling lottery
tickets. Court ruled the state had the right to enforce the law which had
not conflicted with the Constitution. Significance of Ruling: State courts
1821 must submit to federal jurisdiction and the federal court has the right to
judicial review of state supreme court decisions

State had given navigation monopoly which controlled waterways in NY. Court ruled
monopoly unconstitutional because states cannot control trade. Significance of Ruling:
gave the national government undisputed control over interstate commerce …This
1824 freed internal transportation from state restraint. (year in AMSCO is typo, it’s 1824)

Explain why these decisions are “landmark.”

3. Western Settlement and the Missouri Compromise, pp 154-157
Key Concepts &
Main Ideas Notes Analysis

The American Western Settlement and the Missouri Compromise… To what extent was westward expansion
acquisition of responsible for increasing sectional conflict?
lands in the
Explain your answer.
West gave rise to
a contest over the
extension of Reasons for Westward Movement…
slavery into the
western Acquisition of American Indians’ Lands…
territories as well
as a series of
attempts at
national
compromise
Economic Pressures…
Whites living on
the frontier
tended to
champion Explain how a 19th century America pioneer
expansion efforts, Improved Transportation… would view “acquiring American Indian land” as
while resistance justifiable. Consider the culture clash of
by American
Americans and American-Indians.
Indians led to a
sequence of wars
and federal Immigrants…
efforts to control
American Indian
populations.
New Questions and Issues…
The 1820
Missouri
Compromise
created a truce
over the issue of 1.
slavery that Support, refute, or modify the following
gradually broke statement: Henry Clay was the Great Pacificator
down as 2. and the Great Compromiser.
confrontations
over slavery
became 3.
increasingly
bitter.

As over-
cultivation Missouri Compromise…
depleted arable
land in the
Southeast,
slaveholders
relocated their
agricultural
Thomas Jefferson’s reaction to the Missouri
enterprises to the Compromise included, "But, as it is, we have
new Southwest, the wolf by the ear, and we can neither hold
increasing Tallmadge Amendment… him, nor safely let him go. Justice is in one
sectional scale, and self-preservation in the other."
tensions over the 1. (recorded at his home, Monticello, Virginia, 22
institution of April 1820) Explain the point Jefferson is
slavery and 2. making. Did he see the Missouri Compromise
sparking a broad
scale debate
as a success?
about how to set Clay’s Proposals…
national goals,
priorities, and 1.
strategies.
2.

3.

Aftermath…
Map Break!
(See map posted on Unit 3 Gallery Walk page on website for assistance)

1. Label Mexico (independent in 1821), Oregon Territory, British North America (Canada),
Unorganized Territory, Arkansas Territory, Florida Territory, Michigan Territory,
and the individual United States in 1821.
2. Label Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Gulf of Mexico.
3. Color free states in 1821 one color.
4. Color slave states in 1821 another color.
5. Use a yellow highlighter to mark the Missouri Compromise line of 1820.
6. Use a green highlighter to mark the Adams-Onis Treaty Line of 1819.
7. Color the territories where slavery was prohibited according to the Missouri Compromise a third color.
8. Color the territories where slavery was allowed according to the Missouri Compromise a fourth color.
9. Create a key using the box provided.

Missouri Compromise Line

Adams-Onis Treaty Line

Free States
Slave States
Free Territories (U.S. Only)
Slave Territories (U.S. Only)
4. Foreign Affairs, pp 157-159

Key Concepts &

Main Ideas Notes Analysis

Struggling to Foreign Affairs… Explain why President Monroe and Secretary of

create an State John Quincy Adams pursued a more
independent aggressive foreign policy.
global presence,
U.S.
policymakers
sought to
dominate the Canada…
North American
continent and to
promote its Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817)…
foreign trade.
To what extent were relations between the
United States and Great Britain more positive in
Following the the Era of Good Feelings than they were during
Louisiana Treaty of 1818… the 1780s and 1790s. Provide evidence to back
Purchase, the up your assertion.
drive to acquire, 1.
survey, and open
up new lands 2.
and markets led
Americans into 3.
numerous
economic,
diplomatic, and Florida…
military
initiatives in the
Western
Hemisphere and
Asia.

Jackson’s Military Campaign…

What was more significant to the growth and

development of the United States, John Quincy
Adams’s accomplishments as Secretary of
State or the military accomplishments of
General Andrew Jackson? Explain your answer.

Florida Purchase Treaty (1819)…

Foreign Policy Continued…
Key Concepts &
Main Ideas Notes Analysis

The Monroe Doctrine… With the issuance of the Monroe

Doctrine, was America a world
U.S. interest in power? Explain your reasoning.
increasing
foreign trade,
expanding its
national
borders, and
isolating itself British Initiatives…
from European
conflicts shaped
the nation’s
foreign policy American Response
and spurred
government and
private 1.
initiatives.
2.
The U.S. sought
dominance over
the North
American
The Doctrine…
continent
through a variety
of means,
including
military actions,
judicial
decisions, and
diplomatic Impact…
efforts.

5. A National Economy, pp 159-164

Key Concepts &

Main Ideas Notes Analysis

A National Economy… Look at the graph on page 160.

The economic Compare the population in 1840 to
changes caused the population in 1790. Go beyond
by the market Population Growth… the numbers.
revolution had
significant
effects on
migration
patterns, gender
and family
relations, and the
distribution of
political power.
A National Economy Continued…

Key Concepts &

Main Ideas Notes Analysis

The economic Transportation… What is one key difference between

changes caused by the Lancaster Turnpike and the
the market Cumberland Road?
revolution had Roads…
significant effects
on migration
patterns, gender
and family
relations, and the
distribution of Defend the following statement: The
political power. Canal System had a negative impact
Canals… on the South.
With the opening
of canals and new
roads into the
western territories,
native-born white
citizens relocated
westward, relying
on new community Steamboats…
systems to replace
their old family Which innovation in transportation had
and local Railroads… the greatest impact on economic
relationships. growth? Defend your answer.

The market
revolution helped
to widen a gap Growth of Industry…
between rich and
poor, shaped
emerging middle
and working
classes, and caused Mechanical Inventions… Who had a greater impact on industrial
an increasing development, Samuel Slater or Eli
separation between Whitney? Defend your answer.
home and
workplace, which Corporations for Raising Capital…
led to dramatic
transformations in
gender and in
family roles and
expectations. Factory System…

Thomas Jefferson and John Adams

both died on July 4th 1826. Had they
lived to see the growth of northern
factories including the Lowell System,
how might they have responded?
Labor…

Unions…
A National Economy Continued…

Key Concepts &

Main Ideas Notes Analysis

The economic Commercial Agriculture… Alexis de Tocqueville's theory of

changes caused by Democracy as communicated in
the market Democracy in America (written in the
revolution had Cheap Land and Easy Credit… 1830s) included the principle that
significant effects democracy (and its success in terms
on migration of the nation) required equality of
patterns, gender Markets… conditions and potential for mobility.
and family To what extent did America have
relations, and the equality of conditions? Explain your
distribution of Cotton and the South… answer.
political power.

The South
remained
politically,
culturally, and
ideologically Effects of the Market Revolution…
distinct from the
other sections, Explain why the Founders’ prediction
while continuing to that slavery would peter out and die
rely on its exports failed to happen during the early
to Europe for 1800s.
economic growth.

The market Women…

revolution helped
to widen a gap
between rich and
poor, shaped Had they known the future, would they
emerging middle have fought harder to end slavery in
and working the 1770s and 1780s? Explain your
classes, and caused rationale.
an increasing Economic and Social Mobility…
separation between
home and
workplace, which
led to dramatic
transformations in
gender and in Slavery…
family roles and
expectations.
Read Historical Perspectives on pp
Regional interests 165-166. Support or Refute the
continued to trump viewpoint that Thomas Jefferson
national concerns inspired the Monroe Doctrine.
as the basis for Population of Enslaved African Americans chart…
many political
leaders’ positions
on economic
issues including
slavery, the
national bank,
tariffs, and internal
improvements.

Reading Guide written by Rebecca Richardson, Allen High School

Sources include but are not limited to: 2015 edition of AMSCO’s United States History Preparing for the Advanced Placement Examination,
College Board Advanced Placement United States History Framework, and other sources as cited in document and collected/adapted over 20 years of teaching and collaborating..