Solution

CHAPTERWISE SAMPLE PAPER: ALTERNATING CURRENT

Class 12 - Physics
Section A
1. (a) frequency
Explanation:
Transformer does not change the frequency of the applied AC.
2.
V0
(b)
√2

Explanation:
V0

√2

3.
(c) step-down transformer with turn ratio 2 : 1
Explanation:
The ratio between the number of primary turns to the number of secondary turns being called the “turns ratio” or “transformer
ratio”.
Np Vp input
Thus, Ns
=
Vs
(=
output
)

Np
220 2
= =
Ns 110 1

Turn ratio is N p : Ns = 2 : 1

As N p > Ns , hence it is a step down transformer.

4.
(d) 146.0 Ω
Explanation:
R = 115Ω

−6
C = 1.25μF = 1.25 × 10 F
−3
L = 4.5mH = 4.5 × 10 H

Resonant angular frequency is given by ,

1 1 1
ω0 = = =
−5
√LC √4.5× 10−3 ×1.25× 10−6 7.5×10

ω0
Given that the angular frequency of the ac source, ω = 2
=
1

−5
= 6666.6rad/s
15×10

Thus, Impedance is given by ,

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
2 1 2 1 −3
Z = √R + ( − ωL) = √115 + [( ) − (6666.6 × 4.5 × 10 )]
ωC −6
6666.6×1.25×10

Z = 146Ω

5.
(b) 2000 W
Explanation:
When the frequency of the supply equals the natural frequency of the circuit,
XL = XC
In this case, impedance Z = R
Average power,
Vrms R
Pav = Vrms × irms × cos ϕ = Vrms × ×
Z Z

As, Z = R
2
( Vrms ) 200×200
Pav = = = 2000W
R 20

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6. (a) its magnetic field
Explanation:
An inductor stores energy in its magnetic field.
7.
(d) 400
Explanation:
Np = no. of turns in primary coil = 4000
Ns = no. of turns in secondary coil
Vp = input voltage = 2300 V
Vs = output voltage = 230 V
Vs Ns
Now, Vp
=
Np

230 Ns
=
2300 4000

Thus, Ns = 400

8. (a) 4800 W, 0.6

Explanation:
R = 3Ω

L = 25.48mH
C = 796μF

Vrms = 283V
f = 50Hz
Impedance
−3
XL = 2πf L = 2 × 3.14 × 50 × 25.48 × 10 = 8Ω
1 1
XC = = = 4Ω
2πf C −6
2×3.14×50×796×10
−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2 2
Z = √R + (XL − XC ) = √3 + (8 − 4) = 5Ω

Power dissipated in the circuit,

P = i2R
im 1 Vrms 1 283
i = = = × = 40A
√2 √2 Z √2 5

2
P = i R = 40 × 40 × 3 = 4800W

power factor,
R 3
cos ϕ = = = 0.6
Z 5

9.
(d) 3.6 W
Explanation:
3.6 W

10.
(b) 3.2 × 10-3 A, 0.16 A
Explanation:
I1 −3 N2
3.2×10 1 10
= = = =
I2 0.16 50 500 N1

11.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation:
On introducing soft iron core, the bulb will glow dimmer. This is because on introducing soft iron core in the solenoid, its
inductance L increases, the inductive reactance, XL = ω L increases and hence the current through the bulb decreases.

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12. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
13.
(c) fluctuate
Explanation:
As the iron piece is taken out the self inductance of the coil decreases.
So, ω L, i.e., XL decreases.
So, the current in the circuit increases.
Hence, the brightness of the bulb increases.

14.
(c) 0.8
Explanation:
Total resistance, R = 40 + 40 = 80 Ω
−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
2 2
Z = √(80) + (100 − 40) = 100Ω

Power factor, cos ϕ = R

Z
=
80

100
= 0.8

15.
(b) 30 V
Explanation:
In the given circuit,
–
V = 50 √2 sin ω t
V0 50√2
∴ Vrms = = = 50 V
√2 √2
−−−−−−−
Now, Vrms = √V 2
2
+ V
2
1

−−−−−−−
Or, 50 = √V 2
2
+ 40
2

Or, V 2
2
= 2500 - 1600
∴ V2 = 30 V

Section B
16. Given, V rms = 220V, L = 20mH = 2 × 10
−2
H ,
R = 110Ω
800 800 −6
C = μF = × 10 F
2 2
π π

i. Average power observed by L-C-R series AC circuit is maximum when circuit is in resonance.
∴ Resonant frequency,
1 1
ωr = ⇒ fr =
√LC 2π √LC

1
=
−2 800 −6
2π √2× 10 × × 10
2
π

−1
fr = 125s

ii. At resonance, Z = R = 110 ohm

Vrms
Thus, I rms =
Z
=
220

110
= 2A

∴ Maximum current amplitude,

– –
I0 = Irms √2 = 2√2A

17. The emf of an LCR circuit is ε.

The impedance of a series LCR circuit is given as,
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2

Z = √[R 2
+ (ωL −
1

ωC
) ]

The power factor in a series LCR circuit is given as,

cosϕ = R

|Z|

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The power dissipated in the circuit is given as,
P = Vrms Irms cos ϕ
=ε× ε
×
R

|Z| |Z|

2
ε R
= 2
2 1
[R + (ωL− ) ]
ωC

Thus, the power dissipated in the series LCR

2
ε R
circuit is 2
2 1
[R + (ωL− ) ]
ωC

18. tan 60 ∘
=
ωL

R
1

Also, tan 60 ∘
=
ωC

R
1
∵ ωL =
ωC

Impedance of circuit,
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2
2 1
Z = √[R + (ωL − ) ] = R
ωC

Current in the circuit,

V0 V0
I0 =
Z
=
R
=
200

100
= 2 amp
1
Average power, P =
2
V0 I0 cos ϕ
I
ωL−( )

But tan ϕ =
ωC
= 0
R

So, cosϕ = 1
Now, P = × 200 × 2 × 1 = 200
1

2
watt

19. Between the inductor and capacitor, the capacitor will act short at high frequencies while it will act openly at low frequencies. So
at high frequencies, the capacitor has time to get a very less amount of charge while at low frequencies, there is a lot of time for
the capacitor to collect a considerable amount of charge which shows the presence of large reverse voltage. Hence the sum of the
voltages of capacitor and ac source will be nearly zero which shows current also to be nearly zero.
20. i. Power factor, cos ϕ = R

Z
or Z = R [For power factor unity, cos ϕ = 1 ]
∴ XC = XL or 1

2πf C
= 2πf L

or C = 1

2 2
=
1

2 −3
4π f L 4×9.87× (50) ×200× 10

−5
= 5 × 10 F

or C = 50μF
−
−
1 L
ii. Q-factor = R
√
C
−−−−−−−
−3
1 200×10
Q = √ = 6.32
10 −5
5×10

Section C
π
21. i. In R-L series combination, voltage leads the current by phase ϕ = 4
which means element X is an inductor.
In R-C series combination, voltage lags behind the current by phase ϕ = π

4
. So, element Y is a
capacitor.
ii. If both elements X and Y are connected in series with R, then power dissipation in the combination can be given as

P = Vrms ⋅ Irms ⋅ cos ϕ

R R
cos ϕ = =
Z 2
√R2 + ( X − X )
L C

Here, X = X , So cos ϕ = 1
L C

Hence, Pmax = Vrms Irms

22. a. From graph Xc = 6 Ω at v = 100 Hz

Xc = =
ωC
1 1

2πU C

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C= 1

2πvXc
=
2π×600
1

C= 1

1200π
= 0.265mF = 0.265 × 10−3f
b. Xc = XL = ω L = 6 at 100 Hz
6
L= 2πv

= 6

2π×100
= 0.955 × 10-2H
hence, the value of inductance of the inductor will be 0.955 × 10-2H.

c.

23. i. From given parameter VR = 200 V, VL = 250 and VC = 250 V

Veff should be given as Veff = VR + VL + VC
Veff = 200 V + 250 V + 250 V = 700 V

However, Veff = 200V of the AC source. This paradox can be solved by resultant:

−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
(Veff ) = √V + (VL − VC )
R

Since, VL = VC
So, Veff = VR = 200 V
ii. Given, R = 40Ω
X = X L
or Z = R C

So, current in the L-C-R circuit,

V
ell. 200
l = = = 5A
eff R 40

24. a. For a.c. voltage,

V = V0 sin(ωt − ϕ)

The peak value,

–
V0 = 220√2 = 311V

The rms value of voltage,

V0
Vrms = ; Vrms = 220V
√2

b. Average voltage in full cycle is zero.

Average voltage in half cycle is,
2 2
Vav = V0 = × 311 = 198.17V
π π

c. As, ω = 2πf , 2πf = 314

314
i.e. f =
2×π
= 50 Hz

25. Pi = Vm sin wtIm sin(wt + ϕ)

= VmIm sin wt[sin wt cos ϕ + cos wt sin ϕ]

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2 2Vm Im
P = V I sin wt cos ϕ + sin wt cos wt sin ϕ
2
Vm Im
Vm Im sin wt cos ϕ + sin 2wt sin ϕ
2
T
∫ Pi dt
o
Pav =
T

1 T 1−cos ϕ T sin 2wt sin ϕdt

= [ Vm Im ∫ ( ) cos ϕdt + ∫ Vm Im ]
T 0 2 o 2

Vm Im cos ϕ T Vm Im
Pav = ∫ dt = X cos ϕ
2T o
√2 √2

Power factor- cosϕ factor in Pav is power factor.

Wattless Current- A current which has a phase difference of π

2
with voltage is called wattless current as there is no dissipation of
power by this current.
Current in purely inductive or purely capacitive circuit is wattless.
Section D
26. i. Given ε = 100 sin 314 t volt
As the current in a capacitor leads the voltage by 90o, so the instantaneous current is given by
I = I sin(314t + 90 ) = I cos 314t
0
∘
0
ε0 ε0
where I = =0 = ε ωC
XC
0
1/ωC

But ε = 100 V, ω = 314 rads-1, C = 637 × 10

0
−6
F

−6
∴ I0 = 100 × 314 × 637 × 10 = 20 A
ε0 ε0
Where I 0 =
X
=
1/ωC
= ε0 ωC
C

But ε = 100 V, ω = 314 rad s

0
−1
, C = 637 × 10 −6
F
−6
∴ I0 = 100 × 314 × 637 × 10 = 20 A

Hence I = 20 cos 314 t ampere

ii. Instantaneous power,
P = εI = 100 sin 314t × 20 cos 314t
= 1000 sin 628 t watt
iii. Angular frequency of power, ω p = 628 rads-1
ωp
∴ Frequency of power, f =
628
p = = 100 Hz
2π 2π

iv. The maximum energy stored in the capacitor is

U0 = C E = × 637 × 10 × (100) = 3.185 J
1

2 0
2 1

2
−6 2

27. Inductance, L = 80 mH = 80 × 10-3 H

Capacitance, C = 60 μF = 60 × 10-6 F
Supply voltage, V = 230 V
Frequency, ν = 50 Hz
Angular frequency, ω = 2πν = 100 π rad/s
– –
Peak voltage, V = V √2 = 230√2V 0

a. Maximum current is given as:

V0
I0 =
1
(ωL− )
ωC

230√2
=
−3 1
(100π×80× 10 − )
100π ×60×10−6

230√2
=
1000
= -11.63 A
(8π− )
6π

The negative sign appears because ωL < 1

ωC

Amplitude of maximum current, |I 0| = 11.63A

I0 −11.63
Hence, rms value of current. I = = =- 8.22 A
√2 √2

b. Potential difference across the inductor.

vL = I × ω L

= 8.22 × 100 π × 80 × 10-3

= 206.61 V
Potential difference across the capacitor,

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1
Vc = I ×
ωC
1
= 8.22 × = 436.84V
−6
100π×60×10

c. Average power consumed over a complete cycle by the source to the inductor is zero as actual voltage leads the current by
π

2
.
d. Average power consumed over a complete cycle by the source to the capacitor is zero as voltage lags current by π

2
.
e. The total power absorbed (averaged over one cycle) is zero.

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