TITLE: Sample Report Revolutio

PROJECT: CHECKSTEEL Chris Hackney

CODE: T-15000.00 Monday, 05 September 2022 18:20:40

----- 250 x 150 x 8.0 RHS DESIGN SUMMARY (AS 4100) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CATEGORY: Rectangular Hollow Section

TYPE: Austube Mills C450PLUS

LOAD CASE 01: 1.2G + 1.5Q [72.25%]

Mx*: 74.70 kNm

SEGMENT RESTRAINT: FF
LOAD POSITION: WITHIN SEGMENT
LOAD HEIGHT: TOP FLANGE
ROTATION RESTRAINT: NEITHER END
SEGMENT LENGTH: 2750 mm

My*: 29 kNm

T*: 17.5 kNm

Vx*: 162 kN

Vy*: 42 kN

R*: 134 kN (X-AXIS)

bs: 200 mm
bd: 350 mm

N*: 217 kN (TENSION)

FORCE DISTRIBUTION: UNIFORM

----- SECTION PROPERTIES -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CLASS: CF GRADE: 450 MASS: 46.5 kg/m d: 250.0 mm

b: 150.0 mm t: 8.0 mm rext: 20.0 mm fy: 450 MPa
fu: 500 MPa Ag: 5924 mm² Ix: 4.8853E+7 mm⁴ Iy: 2.2190E+7 mm⁴
rx: 90.8 mm ry: 61.2 mm Zx: 3.9083E+5 mm³ Zy: 2.9587E+5 mm³
Sx: 4.8214E+5 mm³ Sy: 3.3954E+5 mm³ J: 5.0504E+7 mm⁴ Iw: 0 mm⁶
C: 5.0396E+5 mm³ λsx: COMPACT λsy: NON-COMPACT Zex: 4.8214E+5 mm³
Zey: 2.9918E+5 mm³ kf: 1.0 αb: -0.5 E: 200000 MPa

----- BENDING [62.19%] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

φMsx = φ × fy × Zex
= 0.9 × 450 × 482140
= 195.27 kNm [38.25%]

• Any element assumed to provide full, partial, or lateral restraint must be designed to transfer 2.5% of the critical flange force
(0.025 × 74.7 kNm / 0.242 m) = 7.72 kN as per Section 5.4.3.1.

• Segment is subject to transverse loads, such that βm = -0.8 as per Section 5.3.2.4 (b).

Lmax = ry × (1800 + 1500 βm) × (b/d) × (250/fy)

= 61.2 × (1800 + 1500 × -0.8) × (150.0/250.0) × (250/450)
= 12240 mm

• Lateral buckling check not required for this segment as Segment Length ≤ Lmax, such that φMbx = φMsx as per Section 5.3.2.4.

φMbx = 195.27 kNm [38.25%]

φMsy = φ × fy × Zey
= 0.9 × 450 × 299178
= 121.17 kNm [23.93%]

• Calculate biaxial bending section capacity as per Section 8.3.4.

Biaxial = (Mx*/φMsx) + (My*/φMsy) ≤ 1.0

= (74.7/195.27) + (29/121.17)
= 0.6219 [62.19%]

• Section not susceptible to lateral buckling over this segment, biaxial bending member capacity check not required.

----- TORSION [14.29%] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

φT = φ × (0.6 × fy) × C
= 0.9 × (0.6 × 450) × 5.0396E+5
= 122.46 kNm [14.29%]

----- SHEAR [18.51%] -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

d1 = d - 2 × t

CHECKSTEEL v4.1.0 by Revolutio (www.revolutio.com.au) Page 1

TITLE: Sample Report Revolutio
PROJECT: CHECKSTEEL Chris Hackney
CODE: T-15000.00 Monday, 05 September 2022 18:20:40

= 250.0 - 2 × 8.0
= 234.0 mm

Awx = 2 × d1 × t
= 2 × 234.0 × 8.0
= 3744 mm²

φVwx = φ × (0.6 × fy) × Awx

= 0.9 × (0.6 × 450) × 3744
= 909.79 kN [17.81%]

• As d1/t × √(fy/250) (39.24) ≤ 82, buckling check not required, such that φVux = φVwx (5.11.2).

φVux = 909.79 kN [17.81%]

• Section has non-uniform shear stress distribution, such that φVv must be determined from a rational elastic analysis as per AISC 2004
Section 5.2.2.4.

f*vmx = 3 × (2 × b + d)
= 3 × (2 × 150.0 + 250.0)
= 1650.00 MPa

f*vax = 2 × (3 × b + d)
= 2 × (3 × 150.0 + 250.0)
= 1400.00 MPa

φVvx = 2 × φVux / (0.9 + f*vmx/f*vax) ≤ φVux

= 2 × 909.79 / (0.9 + 1650.00/1400.00) ≤ 909.79 kN
= 875.4 kN [18.51%]

b1 = b - 2 × t
= 150.0 - 2 × 8.0
= 134.0 mm

Awy = 2 × b1 × t
= 2 × 134.0 × 8.0
= 2144 mm²

φVwy = φ × (0.6 × fy) × Awy

= 0.9 × (0.6 × 450) × 2144
= 520.99 kN [8.06%]

• As b1/t × √(fy/250) (22.47) ≤ 82, buckling check not required, such that φVuy = φVwy (5.11.2).

φVuy = 520.99 kN [8.06%]

• Section has non-uniform shear stress distribution, such that φVv must be determined from a rational elastic analysis as per AISC 2004
Section 5.2.2.4.

f*vmy = 3 × (2 × d + b)
= 3 × (2 × 250.0 + 150.0)
= 1950.00 MPa

f*vay = 2 × (3 × d + b)
= 2 × (3 × 250.0 + 150.0)
= 1800.00 MPa

φVvy = 2 × φVuy / (0.9 + f*vmy/f*vay) ≤ φVuy

= 2 × 520.99 / (0.9 + 1950.00/1800.00) ≤ 520.99 kN
= 520.99 kN [8.06%]

----- BEARING [15.69%] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

d5 = d - 2 × rext
= 250.0 - 2 × 20.0
= 210.0 mm

• Interior bearing can be assumed as bd ≥ 1.5 d5 (315.00 mm) as per Figure 5.13.1.3.

bbf = bs + 5 × rext
= 200 + 5 × 20.0
= 300.0 mm

bbw = d5 / 2
= 210.0 / 2
= 105.0 mm

bb = bbf + 2 × bbw
= 300.0 + 2 × 105.0
= 510.0 mm

ks = 2 × rext/t - 1
= 2 × 20.0/8.0 - 1
= 4.00

kv = d5 / t

CHECKSTEEL v4.1.0 by Revolutio (www.revolutio.com.au) Page 2

TITLE: Sample Report Revolutio
PROJECT: CHECKSTEEL Chris Hackney
CODE: T-15000.00 Monday, 05 September 2022 18:20:40

= 210.0 / 8.0
= 26.25

αpm = 1/ks + 0.5/kv

= 1/4.00 + 0.5/26.25
= 0.2700

αp = 0.5/ks × {1 + (1 - αpm²) × [1 + ks/kv - (1 - αpm²) × 0.25/kv²]}

= 0.5/4.00 × {1 + (1 - 0.2700²) × [1 + 4.00/26.25 - (1 - 0.2700²) × 0.25/26.25²]}
= 0.2585

φRby = φ × 2 × bb × t × fy × αp
= 0.9 × 2 × 510.0 × 8.0 × 450 × 0.2585
= 854.29 kN [15.69%]

λn = 3.5 × d5/t × √(kf) × √(fy/250)

= 3.5 × 210.0/8.0 × √(1.0) × √(450/250)
= 123.26

φRbb = φ × 2 × αc × bb × t × fy
= 0.9 × 2 × 0.3682 × 510.0 × 8.0 × 450
= 1216.83 kN [11.01%]

φRb = MIN (φRby, φRbb)

= MIN (854.29, 1216.83)
= 854.29 kN [15.69%]

----- AXIAL [10.07%] -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

φNty = φ × fy × Ag
= 0.9 × 450 × 5924
= 2399.22 kN [9.04%]

An = Ag - (Filled Holes + Unfilled Holes) × Hole Diameter × t

= 5924 - (1 + 2) × 12 × 8.0
= 5636 mm²

• Uniform force distribution assumed, such that the Correction Factor (kt) is 1.0 as per Section 7.3.1.

φNtf = φ × 0.85 × fu × An × kt
= 0.9 × 0.85 × 500 × 5636 × 1.00
= 2155.77 kN [10.07%]

φNt = MIN (φNty, φNtf)

= MIN (2399.22, 2155.77)
= 2155.77 kN [10.07%]

----- BENDING & TORSION [62.19%] -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

• Note that the locations of maximum torsion and bending rarely conincide. You may need to adjust the input design actions accordingly
to check the member at multiple points along its length to avoid unnecessary conservatism in the results.

• Calculate torsional shear stress (τz*) in member.

τz* = Mz* / C
= (17.5 × 1.00E+6) / 503958
= 34.73 MPa

• For sections not compact about both axes, use elastic design provisions as per SCI P385 Section 3.1.

• Calculate maximum elastic longitudinal shear stress (σz*) in member.

σz* = Mx*/Zx + My*/Zy

= (74.7 × 1.00E+6) / 390828 + (29 × 1.00E+6) / 295873
= 289.15 MPa

• Calculate bending and torsion interaction as per SCI P385 Section 3.1.1.

Biaxial = (σz*/fy) ^ 2 + 3 × (τz*/fy) ^ 2 ≤ 1.0

= (289.15/450) ^ 2 + 3 × (34.73/450) ^ 2
= 0.4307 [43.07%]

----- BENDING & SHEAR [62.19%] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

• As Mx* < 0.75 φMsx, bending and shear interaction about the x-axis check not required, such that φVvmx = φVvx (5.12.3).

φVvmx = 875.4 kN [18.51%]

• As My* < 0.75 φMsy, bending and shear interaction about the y-axis check not required, such that φVvmy = φVvy (5.12.3).

φVvmy = 520.99 kN [8.06%]

CHECKSTEEL v4.1.0 by Revolutio (www.revolutio.com.au) Page 3

TITLE: Sample Report Revolutio
PROJECT: CHECKSTEEL Chris Hackney
CODE: T-15000.00 Monday, 05 September 2022 18:20:40

----- BENDING & BEARING [62.19%] -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

d1 = d - 2 × t
= 250.0 - 2 × 8.0
= 234.0 mm

• For bs/b (1.33) ≥ 1.0 and d1/t (29.25) ≤ 30 (5.13.5).

φMsx,Rb = φMsx × [1.5 - 1.2 × (R*/φRb)] ≤ φMsx

= 195.27 × [1.5 - 1.2 × (134/854.29)] ≤ 195.27 kNm
= 195.27 kNm [38.25%]

----- BENDING & AXIAL [72.25%] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

• Calculate bending section capacity about the x-axis (φMrx) for tension members compact about the x-axis as per Section 8.3.2 (a).

φMrx = 1.18 × φMsx × (1 - T*/φNt) ≤ φMsx

= 1.18 × 195.27 × (1 - 217/2155.77) ≤ 195.27 kNm
= 195.27 kNm [38.25%]

• Section not susceptible to lateral buckling over this segment length, out-of-plane bending member capacity about the x-axis (φMox)
check not required as per Section 8.4.4.2.

• Calculate bending section capacity about the y-axis (φMry) as per Section 8.3.3.

φMry = φMsy × (1 - T*/φNt)

= 121.17 × (1 - 217/2155.77)
= 108.97 kNm [26.61%]

• Calculate biaxial bending section capacity as per Section 8.3.4.

Biaxial = (T*/φNt) + (Mx*/φMsx) + (My*/φMsy) ≤ 1.0

= (217/2155.77) + (74.7/195.27) + (29/121.17)
= 0.7225 [72.25%]

• Calculate biaxial bending member capacity as per Section 8.4.5.2.

Biaxial = (Mx*/φMrx) ^ 1.4 + (My*/φMry) ^ 1.4 ≤ 1.0

= (74.7/195.27) ^ 1.4 + (29/108.97) ^ 1.4
= 0.4172 [41.72%]

----- SHEAR & TORSION [21.59%] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

• Calculate shear and torsion interaction about the x-axis (φVvzx) using moment-reduced shear capacity (φVvmx) from bending and shear
interaction as per EN 1993-1-1 Section 6.2.7 (9).

φVvzx = φVvmx × (1 - Mz*/φT)

= 875.4 × (1 - 17.5/122.46)
= 750.3 kN [21.59%]

• Calculate shear and torsion interaction about the y-axis (φVvzy) using moment-reduced shear capacity (φVvmy) from bending and shear
interaction as per EN 1993-1-1 Section 6.2.7 (9).

φVvzy = φVvmy × (1 - Mz*/φT)

= 520.99 × (1 - 17.5/122.46)
= 446.54 kN [9.41%]

----- REFERENCES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[1] Australian Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) 1969, 'Safe Load Tables for Structural Steel', 1st edn.

[2] Australian Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) 1980, 'Safe Load Tables for Structural Steel', 4th edn.

[3] Australian Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) 1987, 'Safe Load Tables for Structural Steel', 6th edn.

[4] Australian Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) 1991, 'Design Capacity Tables for Structural Steel', 1st edn.

[5] Australian Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) 1994, 'Design Capacity Tables for Structural Steel Volume 1: Open Sections', 2nd
edn.

[6] Australian Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) 2004, 'Design Capacity Tables for Structural Steel Volume 2: Hollow Sections',
2nd edn.

[7] Australian Steel Institute (ASI) 2016, 'Design Capacity Tables for Structural Steel Volume 1: Open Sections', 5th edn.

[8] Australian Tube Mills (ATM) 2013, 'Design Capacity Tables for Structural Steel Hollow Sections', 3rd edn.

[9] British Standards Institute (BSI) 2009, 'BS EN 1993-1-1-2005 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - Part 1-1: General rules and
rules for buildings'.

CHECKSTEEL v4.1.0 by Revolutio (www.revolutio.com.au) Page 4

TITLE: Sample Report Revolutio
PROJECT: CHECKSTEEL Chris Hackney
CODE: T-15000.00 Monday, 05 September 2022 18:20:41

[10] Broken Hill Proprietry Co. Ltd. & Australian Iron & Steel Pty. Ltd. (BHP-AIS) 1969, 'Hot Rolled Carbon Steel Sections and Plates'.

[11] Gorenc, B, Tinyou, R & Syam, A 2007, 'Steel Designers' Handbook', 7th edn.

[12] OneSteel Australian Tube Mills (OSTM) 2010, 'Design Capacity Tables for Structural Steel Hollow Sections', 2nd edn.

[13] OneSteel Market Mills (OSMM) 1998, 'Hot Rolled and Structural Steel Products'.

[14] OneSteel Market Mills (OSMM) 2004, 'Cold Formed Structural Hollow Sections & Profiles', 4th edn.

[15] OneSteel Market Mills (OSMM) 2014, 'Hot Rolled and Structural Steel Products', 6th edn.

[16] Smorgon Steel Tube Mills (SSTM) 2003, 'Design Capacity Tables for Structural Steel Hollow Sections', 1st edn.

[17] Standards Australia 1985, 'AS 1275-1985 Metric screw threads for fasteners'.

[18] Standards Australia 1998, 'AS 4100-1998 Steel structures - Commentary'.

[19] Standards Australia 2009, 'AS/NZS 1163:2009 Cold-formed structural steel hollow sections'.

[20] Standards Australia 2010, 'AS/NZS 3679.1:2010 Structural steel - Hot-rolled bars and sections'.

[21] Standards Australia 2010, 'AS/NZS 3679.2:2010 Structural steel - Welded I sections'.

[22] Standards Australia 2011, 'AS/NZS 3678:2011 Structural steel - Hot-rolled plates, floorplates and slabs'.

[23] Standards Australia 2017, 'AS 5100.6:2017 Bridge Design Part 6: steel and composite structures'.

[24] Standards Australia 2020, 'AS 4100-2020 Steel structures'.

[25] Standards New Zealand 1997, 'NZS 3404:Part 1:1997 Steel Structures Standard'.

[26] Steel Construction Institute (SCI) 2011, 'P385 Design of steel beams in torsion'.

[27] Trahair, NS & Bradford, MA 1998, 'The Behaviour and Design of Steel Structures to AS 4100', 3rd edn.

[28] Trahair, NS 2001, 'Moment Capacities of Steel Angle Sections', University of Sydney Centre for Advanced Structural Engineering
Research Report No. R809.

[29] Trahair, NS 2001, 'Bending, Shear and Torsion Capacities of Steel Angle Sections', University of Sydney Centre for Advanced
Structural Engineering Research Report No. R810.

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