Scribd
Upload
15 views

Chemistry Project For 12th

Determination of the amount of the acetic ACID IN VINEGAR

Uploaded by

Vedant Jadhav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views

Chemistry Project For 12th

Determination of the amount of the acetic ACID IN VINEGAR

Uploaded by

Vedant Jadhav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

SESSION: 2022-2023

SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT ON:
DETERMINATION OF
AMOUNT OF ACETIC ACID IN VINEGAR BY
TITRATION.

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

MRS. JYOTSNA POTE DISHANT JADHAV


P.G.T(CHEM.) (XII C)
[12324]
This is to certify that Dishant Jadhav of class XII C of
Kendriya Vidyalaya ONGC Panvel has done his project on
Determination of Amount of Acetic Acid In Vinegar By
Titration, under my supervision. He has taken interest and has
shown at most sincerity in completion of this project.
I certify this Project up to my expectation & as per
guidelines issued by CBSE.

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Principal’s Signature School Stamp


It is with pleasure that I acknowledge my sincere gratitude to our
teacher, MRS. JYOTSNA POTE mam who taught and
undertook the responsibility of teaching the subject chemistry. I
have been greatly benefited from her classes.
I am especially indebted to our Principal MR. R. K. JAIN sir who
has always been a source of encouragement and support and
without whose inspiration this project would not have been a
successful I would like to place on record heartfelt thanks to
him.
Finally, I would like to express my sincere appreciation for all
the other students for my batch their friendship & the fine
times that
we all shared together.
SR.NO DESCRIPTION

1. Abstract
2. Theory
3. Materials Required
4. Calculations
5. Procedure
6. Observation Table
7. Results
8. Conclusions
9. Bibliography
Measuring the Amount of Acetic Acid In Vinegar by
Titration with an Indicator Solution. The goal of this
project is to determine the amount of Acetic Acid in
different types of vinegar using titration with a coloured
pH indicator to determine the endpoint.
Vinegar is a solution made from the fermentation of ethanol
(CH3CH2OH), which in turn was previously fermented from sugar.
The fermentation of ethanol results in the production of acetic acid
(CH3COOH). There are many different types of vinegar, each
starting from a different original sugar source (e.g., rice, wine, malt,
etc.). The amount of acetic acid in vinegar can vary, typically
between 4 to 6% for table vinegar, but up to three times higher
(18%) for pickling vinegar. In this project, we will determine the
amount of acid in different vinegars using titration, a common
technique in chemistry. Titration is a way to measure the unknown
amount of a chemical in a solution (the titrant) by adding a
measured amount of a chemical with a known concentration (the
titrating solution). The titrating solution reacts with the titrant, and
the endpoint of the reaction is monitored in some way. The
concentration of the titrant can now be calculated from the amount
of titrating solution added, and the ratio of two chemicals in the
chemical equation for the reaction. To measure the acidity of a
vinegar solution, we can add enough hydroxyl ions to balance out
the added hydrogen ions from the acid. The hydroxyl ions will react
with the hydrogen ions to produce water. In order for a titration to
work, we need three things: 1. a titration solution (contains hydroxyl
ions with a precisely known concentration), 2. a method for
delivering a precisely measured volume of the titrating solution, and
3. a means of indicating when the endpoint has been reached. For
the titrating solution, we’ll use a dilute solution of Sodium
Hydroxide (NaOH). Sodium Hydroxide is a strong base, which
means that it dissociates completely in water. So for every NaOH
molecule that we add to the solution, we can expect to produce a
hydroxyl ion. To dispense an accurately measured volume of the
titrating solution, we will use a burette.
A burette is a long tube with a valve at the bottom and graduated
markings on the outside to measure the volume contained in the
burette. The burette is mounted on a ring stand, directly above the
titrant solution (as shown in the picture). Solutions in the burette
tend to creep up the sides of the glass at the surface of the liquid.
This is due to the surface tension of water. The surface of the liquid
thus forms a curve, called a meniscus. To measure the volume of the
liquid in the burette, always read from the bottom of the meniscus.
In this experiment, we will use an indicator solution called
phenolphthalein. Phenolphthalein is colourless when the solution is
acidic or neutral. When the solution becomes slightly basic,
Phenolphthalein turns pinkish, and then light purple as the solution
becomes more basic. So when the vinegar solution starts to turn
pink, we know that the titration is complete.
To do this experiment we will need the following materials and
equipment:

➢ Vinegar, three different types.


➢ Distilled water
➢ Small funnel
➢ 0.5% Phenolphthalein solution in alcohol (pH indicator
solution)
➢ 0.1M sodium hydroxide solution
➢ 125 mL Conical flask
➢ 25 or 50 mL burette
➢ 10 mL graduated cylinder
➢ Ring stand
➢ Burette clamp
➢ Required amount of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) can be
calculated using the following formula:

➢ The acetic acid content of a vinegar may be determined by


titrating a vinegar sample with a solution of sodium
hydroxide of known molar concentration (molarity).
CH3COOH + NaOH --> CH3COONa + H2
(Acid) + (Base) --> (Salt) + (Water)
At the end point in the titration stoichiometry between the both
solution lies in a 1:1 ratio.

➢ Strength of acid in vinegar can be determined by the


following formula: Strength of acetic acid = MCH3COOH ×
60
Performing the Titration:
➢ Pour 1.5 ml of vinegar in an Conical flask.

➢ Add distilled water to dissolve the vinegar so that the


volume of the solution becomes 20 mL.

➢ Add 3 drops of 0.5% phenolphthalein solution.

➢ Use the burette clamp to attach the burette to the ring stand.

➢ The opening at the bottom of the burette should be just above


the height of the conical flask we used for the solution of
vinegar and phenolphthalein solution.

➢ Use a funnel to fill the burette with a 0.1 M solution of sodium


hydroxide.

➢ Note the starting level of the sodium hydroxide solution in the


burette. Put the vinegar solution to be titrated under the burette.

➢ Slowly drip the solution of sodium hydroxide into the


vinegar solution. Swirl the flask gently to mix the solution,
while keeping the opening underneath the burette.

➢ At some point we will see a pink colour in the vinegar solution


when the sodium hydroxide is added, but the colour will
quickly disappear as the solution is mixed.

➢ When this happens, slow the burette to drop-by-drop addition.


➢ When the vinegar solution turns pink and remains that colour
even with mixing, the titration is complete. Close the tap (or
pinch valve) of the burette.

➢ Note the remaining level of the sodium hydroxide solution


in the burette. Remember to read from the bottom of the
meniscus.

➢ Subtract the initial level from the remaining level to figure out
how much titrating solution we have used.

➢ For each vinegar that we test, repeat the titration at least


three times.
➢ Strength of acetic acid in household vinegar = 40.5 g/L.

➢ Strength of acetic acid in wine vinegar = 72 g/L.

➢ Strength of acetic acid in fruit vinegar = 48 g/L.


➢ Transference of measured vinegar into a measuring
flask should be done very carefully.

➢ Measuring must be performed carefully.

➢ Look at the meniscus of solution at eye level to avoid parallax.

➢ Look at the lower meniscus in the light coloured solution


and upper meniscus in the dark coloured solution because of
visibility.

➢ Do not forget to add distilled water to the vinegar.


 NCERT Chemistry- XII Comprehensive
 Practical Chemistry- XII
 www..scribd..com

You might also like