SESSION 2023-24

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

AIM: MEASURING THE AMOUNT OF ACETIC ACID IN VINEGAR

BYTITRATION WITH AN INDICATOR SOLUTION

SUBMITTED TO CBSE FOR SSCE 2024 PRACTICAL EXAM

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF SUBMITTED BY:

MR ATUL TIWARI Uttam Shukla

PGT CHEMISTRY CLASS: 12th ‘A’

ROLL NO:
CERTIFICATE

This is certified that “Ma. Uttam Shukla” of class XII ‘A’ of PM

SHRI KV NO. 2 VADODARA, has completed his project work on
the topic “Measuring the amount ofAcetic acid in Vinegar by
titration with an indicator solution” under the guidance of Mr. Atul
Tiwari PGT Chemistry. He has taken proper care and shown utmost
sincerity in completing this project. I certify that this project is up
to my expectation and as per the guidelines issued by CBSE.

MR. ATUL TIWARI MRS. RITA INDRAJEET SINGH

(PGT CHEMISTRY) PRINCIPAL

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my deep gratitude and sincere thanks to Principal, Mrs. Rita Indrajeet
Singh madam, PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO. 2 ARMY VADODARA,
GUJRAT for her encouragement and for all the facilities that she provided for this
project work. I sincerely appreciate this magnanimity by taking me into her fold for
which I shall remain indebted to her.

I extend my hearty thanks to Mr. ATUL TIWARI, PGT CHEMISTRY, who guided me
to the successful completion of this project. I take this opportunity to express my deep
sense of gratitude for his invaluable guidance, constant encouragement, constructive
comments, sympathetic attitude and immense motivation, which has sustained my
efforts at all stages of this project work.

I can’t forget to offer my sincere thanks to my classmates who helped me to carry out
this project work successfully & for their valuable advice & support, which I received
from them time to time.

UTTAM SHUKLA

CLASS: XII A

ROLL NO.:
INDEX

1. OBJECTIVE
2. INTROUCTION
3. MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
4. THEORY
5. EXPERMENTAL PROCEDURE
• EXPERIMENT 1

• EXPERIMENT 2

• EXPERIMENT 3
6.RESULTS

7.PRECAUTIONS

8.BIBLIOGRAPHY
OBJECTIVE

The goal of this project is to determine the amount of Acetic

Acid in different types of vinegar using titration with a

colored pHindicator to determine the endpoint.

INTRODUCTION

Vinegar is a solution made from the fermentation of

ethanol (CH3CH2OH), which in turn was previously
fermented from sugar. The fermentation of ethanol
results in the production of acetic acid (CH3COOH).
There are many different types of vinegar, each starting
from a different original sugar source (e.g., rice, wine,
malt, etc.). The amount of acetic acid in vinegar can
vary, typically between 4 to 6% for table vinegar, but up
to three times higher (18%) for pickling vinegar. In this
project, we will determine the amount of acid in different
vinegars using titration, a common technique in
chemistry.
Titration is a way to measure the unknown amount of a
chemical in a solution (the titrant) by adding a
measured amount of a chemical with a known
concentration (the titrating solution).
The titrating solution reacts with the titrant, and the
endpoint of the reaction is monitored in some way. The
concentration of the titrant can now be calculated from
the amount of titrating solution added, and the ratio of
the two chemicals in the chemical equation for the
reaction. To measure the acidity of a vinegar solution, we
can add enough hydroxyl ions to balance out the added
hydrogen ions from the acid. The hydroxyl ions will react
with the hydrogen ions to produce water. In order for a
titration to work, we need three things:
1.A titration solution (contains hydroxyl ions with a
precisely known concentration),
2.a method for delivering a precisely measured volume of
the titrating solution, and
3. a means of indicating when the endpoint has been
reached.

For the titrating solution, we'll use a dilute solution of

sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Sodium hydroxide is a strong
base, which means that it dissociates almost completely
in water.
So for every NaOH molecule that we add to the solution,
we can expect to produce a hydroxyl ion. To dispense
an accurately measured volume of the titrating solution,
we will use a burette. A burette is a long tube with a
valve at the bottom and graduated markings on the
outside to measure the volume contained in the burette.
The burette is mounted on a ring stand, directly above
the titrant solution (as shown in the picture). Solutions
in the burette tend to creep up the sides of the glass at
the surface of the liquid. This is due to the surface
tension of water. The surface of the liquid thus forms a
curve, called a meniscus. To measure the volume of the
liquid in the burette, always read from the bottom of the
meniscus.
In this experiment, we will use an indicator solution
called phenolphthalein. Phenolphthalein is colourless
when the solution is acidic or neutral.
When the solution becomes slightly basic,
phenolphthalein turns pinkish, and then light purple as
the solution becomes more basic. So when the vinegar
solution starts to turn pink, we know that the titration is
complete.
MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT
REQUIRED
To do this experiment we will need the following
materials and equipment:

• Vinegar, three different types.

• Distilled water
• Small funnel
• 0.5% Phenolphthalein solution in
alcohol(pH indicator solution)

• 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution

• 125 ml Conical flask
• 25- or 50-ml burette
• 10 ml graduated cylinders
• Burette clamp
THEORY
Required amount of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) can
be calculated using the following formula:

W= Molarity x Molar mass x Volume(cm3)

1000
Molar mass of NaOH= 40 g/mol

W=0.5x 40 x500
1000
= 10g
The acetic acid content of a vinegar may be
determined by titrating a vinegar sample with a
solution of sodium hydroxide of known molar
concentration (molarity).
CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)

(Acid) + (Base) (Salt) +

(Water)
At the end point in the titration stoichiometry
between the both solution lies in a 1:1 ratio.

Strength of acid in vinegar can be determined by the

following formula:
Strength of acetic acid = MCHCOOH x 60
Indicator: Phenolphthalein
End Point: Colorless to pink
Experimental Procedure
Performing the Titration
Pour 1.5 ml of vinegar in an Conical flask.

Add distilled water to dissolve the vinegar so

that the volume of the solution becomes 20
mL.
Add 3 drops of 0.5% phenolphthalein
solution.
Use the burette clamp to attach the burette to
the ring stand. The opening at the bottom of
the burette should be just above the height of
the Conical flask we use for the vinegar and
phenolphthalein solution.
Use a funnel to fill the burette with a 0.1 M
solution of sodium hydroxide.

Note the starting level of the sodium

hydroxide solution in the burette. Put the
vinegar solution to be titrated under the
burette.
Slowly drip the solution of sodium
hydroxide into the vinegar solution. Swirl
the flask gently to mix the solution, while
keeping the opening underneath the
burette.
At some point we will see a pink colour in
the vinegar solution when the sodium
hydroxide is added, but the colour will
quickly disappear as the solution is mixed.
When this happens, slow the burette to
drop-by-drop addition.
When the vinegar solution turns pink and
remains that colour even with mixing, the
titration is complete. Close the tap (or pinch
valve) of the burette.
Note the remaining level of the sodium
hydroxide solution in the burette. Remember
to read from the bottom of the meniscus.
Subtract the initial level from the remaining
level to figure out how much titrating solution
we have used.
For each vinegar that we test, repeat the
titration at least three times
EXPERIMENT-1

Take the household vinegar in the conical flask and do the

titration with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as mentioned.
OBSERVATIONS:

S.no Volume of Burette Volume of

vinegar reading NaOH
solution solution used

1. 20 27 27

2. 20 27 27

3. 20 27 27

Concordant volume=27 ml

CALCULATIONS

We know that,
MCH3COOH VCH3COOH = MNaOH VNaOH

MCH3COOH = 0.5X27/20 = 0.675Mol/L

Strength of acetic acid=0.675x60= 40.5g/L
EXPERIMENT 2

Take the wine vinegar in the conical flask and do the

titration with sodium hydroxide as mentioned

OBSERVATION:

Volume of Burette Volume of

S NO
vinegar reading NaOH
solution
solution
used

1. 20 48 48

2. 20 48 48
3. 20 48 48

Concordant volume= 48ml

CALCULATIONS:

We know that,

MCH3COOH VCH3COOH = MNaOH VNaOH

MCH3COOH = 0.5X48/20 = 1.2 Mol/L

STRENGTH OF ACETIC ACID = 1.2X60 = 72 g/L

EXPERIMENT 3

Take the fruit(Persimmon) vinegar in the conical flask and

do the titration with sodium hydroxideas mentioned

OBSERVATION:

VOLUME BURETTE VOLUME OF

S NO
OF READING NaOH
VINEGAR SOLUTION
SOLUTION USED
1. 20 32 32

2. 20 32 32

3. 20 32 32
Concordant volume= 32ml

CALCULATION:

We know that,

MCH3COOH VCH3COOH = MNaOH VNaOH

MCH3COOH = 0.5X32/20 = 0.8 mol/L

Strength of acetic acid = 0.8x60 = 48g/L

RESULTS

STRENGTH OF ACETIC ACID IN HOUSEHOLD VINEGAR =

40.5 g/L STRENGTH OF ACETIC ACID IN WINE VINEGAR =
72 g/L STRENGTH OF ACETIC ACID IN FRUIT VINEGAR =
48 g/L

ORDER OF AMOUNT OF ACETIC ACID IN DIFFERENT

SAMPLES OF VINEGAR IS :

WINE VINEGAR > FRUIT VINEGAR > HOUSEHOLD

VINEGAR

PRECAUTIONS

TRANSFERENCE OF MEASURED VINEGAR INTO A

MEASURING FLASK SHOULD BE DONE VERY
CAREFULLY.
MEASURING MUST BE PERFORMED CAREFULLY.
LOOK AT THE MENISCUS OF SOLUTION AT EYE
LEVEL TO AVOID PARALLAX.
LOOK AT THE LOWER MENISCUS IN THE LIGHT
COLOURED SOLUTION AND UPPER MENISCUS IN THE
DARK COLOURED SOLUTION BECAUSE OF VISIBLITY.
DO NOT FORGET TO ADD DISTILLED WATER
TO THE VINEGAR.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.icbse.com
www.wikipedia.org
www.youtube.com
NCERT CHEMISTRY CLASS 11&12 TEXTBOOK