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trigonometry

trigonometry

Question 0 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

Mary (M) sits on the top of the Eastern side of the Grand
Canyon. Below her stands Peter (P), at the bottom of the canyon.
It is known that the depth of the Grand Canyon is 1 850 meters
at this point. Nathan (N) stands on the Western side of the
bottom of the Canyon, with a distance of 2.5 km to Peter.

1. Write down the depth of the Grand Canyon, MP, in

kilometers. [1]
2. On the diagram, label the angle of elevation from N to
M with an x. [1]
3. Find the size of the angle of elevation from N to M. [2]
4. Find MN, the distance in kilometers between Mary
and Nathan. [2]
Question 1 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

A ladder 3.7 m long leans against a vertical wall. The distance

from the top of the ladder to the ground is 3.1 m.

1. Represent this information on a diagram in the space

provided above. Show the ground, the ladder and the
wall as the labelled line segments. [1]
2. Find the distance from the bottom of the ladder to the
wall. [2]
3. Write down the acute angle made by the ladder with
the wall. [3]
Question 2 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

The diagram below shows a triangle ABC. The size of angle

AM ^ C is 150°, where M is the midpoint of AB. MBC is an
isosceles triangle, with MC = MB = 4 cm.

1. Write down the length of AM. [1]

^ B.
2. Find the size of angle CM [1]
^ C.
3. Find the size of angle AB [2]
4. Find the length of CB. [2]
Question 3 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

A lawn sprinkler watering a garden sprays at an arc of 140° with

a maximum spray distance of 3.5 metres, as shown in the
diagram below.

1. Calculate the area of lawn that is watered by the

sprinkler. [3]
2. Calculate the length of the outer arc, where the
maximum spray
distance lands. [3]
Question 4 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

In a school playground, the grass is watered by lawn sprinklers

that are set to spray at an arc of 220° with a maximum spray
distance of 5 metres, as shown in the diagram below.

1. Calculate the area of grass that is watered by this

sprinkler. [3]
2. Calculate the length of the sprinkler arc edge, where
the maximum
spray distance lands. [3]
Question 5 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

A windscreen wiper blade has a length of 0.45 m. When it's

raining and the blade is in motion, it moves through an arc angle
3π
of radians.
4

1. Determine the area of the windscreen wiped by the

blade. [3]
2. Determine the arc length travelled by the outer edge
of the blade. [3]
Question 6 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 5]

There are two traffic lights on a road below a 120 m high

skyscraper. From the top of the skyscraper, the traffic lights can
be seen at angles of depression of 35° and 65° on each side of the
skyscraper, as illustrated in the diagram below.

Find the distance between the two traffic lights, correct to the
nearest whole metre.

Question 7 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

A triangular plot of farming land is shown in the diagram below.

The longest side is 120 m, with the two adjoining angles to this
length being 35° and 25°.

1. Find the lengths of two other sides of this plot of land. [4]
2. Find the area of the plot of farming land. [2]
Question 8 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

A national park is in the form of a triangle, ABC, as shown in the

following diagram. Side length AB is 49 km and side length BC is
^C is 58 °.
66 km. Angle AB

1. Calculate the side length AC in km. [3]

2. Calculate the area of the park. [3]
Question 10 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 4]

A farmer has a field in the form of a triangle, ABC, as shown in

the following diagram. Side length AB is 150 m and side length
^C is 62 °.
BC is 200 m. Angle AB

1. Calculate the side length AC. [2]

2. Calculate the area of the field, rounding your answer
to the nearest square meter. [2]
Question 11 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

During a hiking trip, Jim stopped and checked his compass for
directions. The compass has a circular face with centre at O and
the diameter of 20 cm. The needle of the compass is at an angle
of θ to the East of North, covering an arc length of l, as
illustrated in the diagram below.

1. Determine the circumference of the face of the

compass. [1]
2. Using the diagram, write down the size of the angle θ
in degrees. [1]
3. Calculate the arc length, l. [2]
4. Calculate the total area of the shaded sectors on the
diagram. [2]
Question 12 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 5]

A rotating sprinkler waters part of a lawn, shown as the shaded

area in the diagram below. The sprinkler covers a distance of
13 m, reaching a maximum distance of 17 m and covering an
angle of 130∘ .

1. Calculate the length of the outer arc the sprinkler can

reach, the arc from point A to point B. [2]
2. Find the area the sprinkler can cover. Give your
answer to the nearest square metre. [3]
Question 13 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 5]

A surveillance camera records the area in front of a warehouse,

shown as the shaded area in the following diagram. The camera's
field of view has a radial distance of 15 m, reaching a maximum
distance of 21 m away from the camera, and covering an angle of
150∘ .

1. Calculate the length of the outer arc the camera can

record, the arc from point A to point B. [2]
2. Find the area the camera can record. [3]
Question 14 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 7]

Cylindrical logs of length 2.7 m and radius 7.5 cm are used to

build a wooden cabin. A wedge is cut from one log and the cross-
section of this log is illustrated in the following diagram.

1. Convert 108 degrees into radians, leaving your answer

in exact values. [1]
2. Find the length of the missing arc ABC. [2]
3. Find the area of the missing sector ABCO. [2]
4. Find the volume of this log. [2]
Question 15 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

A right pyramid has apex V and square base ABCD. The vertical
height of the pyramid, VM, is 5 cm. The sloping edges are 8 cm
long.

1. Calculate the length of MC. [2]

2. Calculate the size of the angle that sloping edge VC
makes with the
vertical height of the pyramid. [2]
3. Calculate the area of the triangle ABC. [2]
Question 16 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

A right pyramid has apex V and square base ABCD with the base
diagonal AC = 4 cm. The sloping edges are 7 cm long.

1. Calculate the size of the angle that sloping edge VC

makes with
the pyramid base. [2]
2. Calculate the vertical height of the pyramid, VO. [2]
3. Calculate the volume of the pyramid. [2]
Question 17 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

Triangle Island is a small island located off the north-western tip

of British Columbia, Canada. Two side lengths of Triangle Island
are equal to 1600 and 1800 metres and the angle between these
two sides is equal to 78°.

1. Calculate the length of the third side of Triangle

island. [3]
2. Find the area of a Triangle Island in m2 . Give your
answer in the form a × 10k , where 1 ≤ a < 10 and
k ∈ Z. [3]
Question 18 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

The quadrilateral ABCD has side lengths AB =17 cm, BC

^ C is 105° and
= 12 cm, and CD = 11 cm. The size of angle AD
^D is 25°.
the size of angle CA

1. Find the length of AC in centimetres. [3]

^ C.
2. Find the size of angle AB [3]
Question 19 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

The diagram below shows quadrilateral ABCD with side lengths

of AD = 12 m, DC = 7 m and BC = 5 m. Angle BA^D = 50°
and angle BC^ D = 100°.

A new line is drawn from B to D direct.

1. Calculate the length of this new line, BD. [3]

^ D.
2. Calculate the size of angle AB [3]
Question 20 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 4]

Cylindrical logs of length 2.2 m and radius 7.6 cm are used to

construct a fence line. Part of the logs are removed, as illustrated
in the diagram below.

Find the volume of each log.

Question 21 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

Consider the analogue clock below. The clock has a diameter of

30 cm and is shaded between 1 and 6.

1. Find the length of the arc between 1 and 6, rounded

to the nearest cm. [3]
2. Find the area of the sector between 1 and 6, rounded
to the nearest
integer. [3]
Question 22 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

A bakery has designed a box to deliver their speciality birthday

cakes. The box has a rectangular prism base, with a rectangular
pyramid top, as illustrated in the diagram below with dimensions
shown.

After the cake is put into the box, the outside of the box is
completely wrapped in colourful gift paper.

Point O shown on the diagram is the midpoint of the base of the

pyramid.

1. Find the value of a shown in the diagram; the slant

height of one of the pyramid faces. [2]
2. Find the total outer surface area of the box to be
wrapped in gift paper. [4]
Question 23 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 5]

Joe creates a small baseball field in his backyard to play with his
children. The field is covered by grass in the shape of a sector of a
circle with radius 8 metres, as shown in the following diagram.
The angle at the centre of the sector is θ ∘ .

A total of 48 m2 of grass was used to cover the field.

1. Find the value of θ . [2]

Joe asks his son, Lancer, to run around the field twice to warm up
before playing a game.

1. Find the total distance that Lancer runs. [3]

Question 24 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

Kindergarten students are creating cone-shaped birthday hats

from pieces of colorful paper circles. The first step is to cut out a
sector of the paper, as illustrated by sector OABC in the diagram
below. The paper circles have centre O and . The length of arc
^C 2π
ABC is 4π cm and angle AO = .
7

1. Find the radius of the paper circles, r . [3]

2. Find the area of the sector the students cut out,
OABC. [3]
Question 25 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

A right pyramid has apex V and square base ABCD, with AB

= 3 cm. The vertical height of the pyramid, VM, is 12 cm.

1. Calculate the length of VA. [4]

2. Calculate the volume of the pyramid. [2]
Question 26 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 15]

The sides of a triangle ABC have the following lengths AB = 40

mm, BC = 30 mm, and CA = 55 mm.

1. Calculate the size of the angle AB^ C. [3]

2. Calculate the area of the triangle ABC. [2]

^B
A point D is located outside of the triangle, such that angle DA
^A is 10°.
is 80° and angle DB

3. Show that the angle AD ^ B is 90°. [1]

4. Find the distances AD and BD. [4]
5. Find the shortest path which starts at point B and
passes through all
points A, C, D (in any order). [5]
Question 27 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

Two hot air balloons, located at points A and B, float in the sky
50 m apart from each other on the same height above a flat
(horizontal) ground. Two straight ropes, AP and BP, are
attached to the same point, P, on the ground. The length of AP is
^P is 45°.
36m and angle AB

1. On the diagram, draw and label with an α the angle of

elevation of A
[1]
Angle APB is acute.

2. Find the size of angle AP^ B. [3]

3. Find the size of the angle of elevation of A from P. [2]
Question 28 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

A plot of farmland is shown by the shaded region in the diagram

below. The plot has a curved border which can be described as an
arc, PQ, of a circle with centre O and radius, r = 500 m, such
that PÔQ = 80°. The straight border of the farmland is defined
by the chord PQ.

The farm owner wishes to construct a fence along the curved

border of the plot.

1. Find the length of the fence to be built. [2]

2. Find the area of the farmland, rounding your answer
to the nearest m2 . [4]
Question 29 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 13]

A large triangular garden, ABC, is shown in the diagram below. A

walking path passes through the garden at point D and leaves at
point E, such that DE is parallel to the garden boundary BC.

Triangles ABC and ADE are found to be similar (same shape, but
side lengths can vary). Angles AD̂ E = AB̂ C = θ and AÊD =
AĈB = α.
1. Find the value of
1. x.
2. y . [4]
2. Find the value of
1. α.
2. θ .
3. γ . [6]
3. Find the area of the triangle ABC, rounding your
answer to the nearest m2 . [3]
Question 30 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 5]

Two concentric circles with centre O are shown in the diagram

below. The radius of the smaller circle is 5 cm and the radius of
the larger circle is 7 cm. Points A and B lie on the circumference
^ π
of the larger circle such that angle AOB is radians.
5

1. Find the length of the short arc AB. [2]

2. Find the area of the shaded region. [3]

Question 31 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]
π
In a triangle ABC, AB = 3 cm, BC = 5 cm and AĈB = .
6
1. Find, to three significant figures, the two possible
lengths of [AC]. [3]
2. Find the difference between the areas of the two
possible triangles ABC. [3]
Question 32 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

In a triangle ABC, AB = 12 cm and AC = 15 cm. The area of

the triangle is 80 cm2 .

1. Find the two possible values for angle BÂC. [3]

2. Given that BÂC is obtuse, find the length of side BC. [3]

Question 33 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

A triangle ABC has side lengths a = 10.2 cm, b = 17.5 cm and

an area of 32 cm2 . Find the largest possible perimeter of triangle
ABC.
Question 34 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

A toy house has a roof in the shape of a right-angled isosceles

triangle, ABC.
AB = ^ B = 90°.
6 cm and angle AC

1. Find the length of AC. [2]

2. Calculate the area of triangle ABC. [2]

The garage of the toy house also has a roof in the shape of right-
^N
angled triangle, LMN. , angle LM = 56° and angle
^ M = 90°.
NL
3. Calculate the length of MN. [2]
Question 35 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 5]

From a sailboat moored at sea, the angle of elevation to the top of

a 20 m high cliff is 22°. On the cliff top there is a coconut tree.
The angle of elevation to the coconut tree is 29°.

1. Draw a diagram representing the situation. [2]

2. Find the height of the coconut tree. [3]
Question 36 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 15]

The quadrilateral ABCD shown below represents a sports

complex, where AB = 210 m, BC = 90 m and CD = 130 m.
^C is 70° and angle CD
Angle AB ^ A is 105°.

A straight path through the sports complex joins points A and C.

1. Find the length of the path AC. [3]

2. Show that the angle DA ^C is 39.4∘ , correct to three
significant figures. [3]
3. Find the area of the sports complex. [4]

A new path, DE, is to be built such that E is the point on AC

closest to D.

4. Find the length of the path DE. [2]

The section of the sports complex represented by triangle CDE

will be an outdoor running track. A track will be marked along
the sides of this section.

5. Calculate the total length of the track. [3]

Question 37 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 15]

The quadrilateral ABCD is shown below, where AB =

56 m, AD
= 122 m, CD = 40 m, and the angles BA^D and AD
^ C are 68°
and 80° respectively.

1. Find the length of line AC. [3]

2. Find the area of triangle ACD. [3]
3. Find the angle DA ^C . Give your answer in degrees
correct to one
decimal place. [3]
4. Find the shortest distance between point B and the
line AC. [2]
5. Find the length of the perimeter of triangle ABC. [4]
Question 38 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 5]

A flagpole stands at the top of a building. The angle of elevation

from a point on the ground 40m from the base of the building to
the bottom of the flagpole is 29°, and to the top of the flagpole is
31°.
1. Draw a diagram representing the situation. [2]
2. Find the length of the flagpole. [3]
Question 39 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

Consider the triangle below, which has side lengths AB = 25 cm

and BC = 35 cm. The angle adjacent to these side lengths, AB̂ C,
is 70°.

1. Find the area of the triangle, rounding your answer to

the nearest cm2 . [2]

When drawing the triangle, George measured each side length

correct the nearest centimetre, and angle AB̂ C correct to the
nearest degree.

2. Calculate the maximum possible area of the triangle,

rounding your answer to the nearest cm2 . [4]
Question 40 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

The angle of depression from a lookout at the top of a lighthouse

(A) down to a boat located at point C is 30°.

The boat travels towards the lighthouse and after 1 minute has
travelled a distance of 50 m and is now located at point B. The
angle of elevation from the boat at B up to the lighthouse lookout
is 60°.

1. Write down the value of x∘ in the diagram. [1]

2. Find the height of the lighthouse. [4]
3. Find the speed of the boat, in metres per second, from
C to B. [1]
Question 41 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 8]

Melody is camping with her friends in a forest. After setting up

the tent, she goes for a walk to see the nearby surroundings. She
walks 200 m on a bearing of 280°, changes direction, then walks
another 150 m on a bearing of 035°.

1. Find the distance Melody is from the tent at this

point. [4]
2. Determine the bearing Melody should walk on to
return to the tent. [4]

Question 42 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 8]

On a trip to Morocco, a group of tourists experience a horse trek

through the Saharan desert. They start from a horse farm,
moving on a bearing of 075° for 3.2 km to reach an oasis. After
taking a rest there, they take another ride on a bearing of 210°
for 2.1 km to visit the Draa valley.

1. Find the distance that they need to cover to get back

to the farm. [4]
2. Determine the bearing they should ride on to get back
to the farm. [4]
Question 43 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

Consider a triangle with sides AB = 10 mm and AC = 8 mm.

Given that the area of the triangle is 24 mm2 , find the possible
values for the length of side BC.

Question 44 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

Daniela (D) stands near the window on the second floor of the six-
story apartment building and can see Andrea (A), who is 14 m
from the base of the building. The angle of depression from
Daniela to Andrea is 20°.

1. Calculate the distance from Daniela to Andrea, AD. [2]

Clara (C) is standing at the window of the sixth floor, three times
higher from the ground than Daniela.

2. Calculate the angle of depression from C to A. [4]

Question 45 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 15]

A triangular farm is shown in the diagram below. A river runs

along the edge from A to B and the farm house is located at C, a
safe distance from the river. The distance from the farm house to
^ B is
point A is 270 m and to point B is 360 m. The angle AC
130°.

1. Calculate the distance along the river from A to B. [2]

The cost of fencing is 130 Australian dollars (AUD) per metre.

2. Calculate the total cost of fencing the whole

perimeter of the farm, providing your answer to the
nearest dollar. [2]
3. Find the sizes of angels CA^B and AB ^ C. [2]
4. Calculate the area of the farm. Give your answer
correct to the nearest whole square metre. [2]
5. Calculate the shortest distance from the farm house to
the river. [3]

A tower is located at point B. The angle of elevation to the top of

the tower, H, from point C is measured to be 1°.

6. Calculate the vertical height, BH, of the tower, correct

to the nearest centimetre. [2]
7. Calculate the distance between the top of the tower,
H, to point A. [2]
Question 46 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

In the shaded region shown below, the radius of the smaller arc is
6 cm and the distance between the two arcs is 4 cm.

1. Find the perimeter of the shaded region. [3]

2. Find the area of the shaded region. [3]

Question 47 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

Consider the shape shown below (shaded region). The radius of

the longer arc is 12 cm and the distance between the arcs is 3 cm.

1. Find the perimeter of the shape. [3]

2. Find the area of the shape. [3]
Question 48 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

ABC is a triangle of area 32 cm2 . The sides AB and BC have

lengths 7 cm and 12 cm respectively. Find the two possible
lengths of the side AC, giving your answers correct to 3
significant figures.

Question 49 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 5]

Paper party cups in the shape of a cone are formed from a sector
of paper material. The diagram below left shows the finished
paper cup. The diagram below right shows the original paper
sector used to create the cup. When the cones are formed, the
straight edges of the sector join without any overlap.

1. Find the slant height of the cups, L. [1]

2. Find the arc length of the sector. [2]
3. Find the angle θ in radians. [2]
Question 50 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

BT represents the height of a skyscraper, with its base at B and

top at T. Jack has an apartment on the 32nd floor at C, three
fifths of the way to the top of the building.

From a point A, on horizontal ground 200 m from B, the angle of

elevation to C is 38°.

1. Calculate BC, the height of Jack's apartment above

the ground. [2]
2. Calculate the angle of depression from T to A. [4]
Question 51 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

A lawn sprinkler is setup in the corner of a rectangular lawn

which is enclosed by a fence. The sprinkler has a maximum spray
distance of 5 m. The lawn has side lengths 4 m and 10 m. This
situation is illustrated in the diagram below, where the sprinkler
is positioned in the top right corner.

1. Find the angle α in the diagram, leaving your answer

in degrees. [2]
2. Find the area of grass that is currently being watered
by the sprinkler
in this position. [4]
Question 52 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

A motion sensing security light is installed in the corner of a front

garden. The sensor can detect any movement up to 7 meters. The
garden has boundaries of two 12 m long parallel walls, and the
house facade and a wooden fence which are 6 m long. This creates
to a rectangular area as shown in the follow diagram, where the
motion light is positioned in the top right corner.

1. Find the angle α in the diagram, leaving your answer

in degrees. [2]
2. Find the area of the front garden that is currently
being monitored by the motion sensing system. [4]
Question 53 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 8]

Bus-1 and Bus-2 leave a terminal, T, at the same time. Bus-1

travels 65 km on a true bearing of 140° to point U, then a
further 40 km on a true bearing 235° to point V. Bus-2 travels
directly from the terminal to point V.

1. Find the distance, d, travelled by Bus-2. [3]

2. Find the true bearing on which Bus-2 travels. [2]

Bus-1 averages a speed of 55 km/h and Bus-2 averages a speed

of 36 km/h.

3. Determine which bus arrives at point V first. Justify

your answer. [3]
Question 54 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

A camping tent in the shape of a cone is constructed from a large

circular sheet of polyester with a sector cut out, as illustrated in
the diagram below. The circular polyester sheet has a centre O
and radius r . The area of sector cut-out, OABC, is π m2 and the
2π
length of the arc ABC is m.
3

1. Determine the slant height of the tent, r . [3]

2. Determine the angle of the sector OABC, θ , leaving
your answer in radians with exact values. [3]
Question 55 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 16]

The side lengths of a quadrilateral ABCD are AB =

6 mm, BC
= 5 mm, CD = 8 mm, and DA = 9 mm. The angle AB^C is
equal to 90°.

1. Calculate the length of AC. [2]

2. Calculate the size of angle AD^ C. [3]
3. Calculate the area of triangle ACD. [2]
4. Calculate the area of quadrilateral ABCD. [3]

A point P is chosen on the side CD in a such a way that the area

of triangle ACP is equal to the area of the triangle ABC.

5. Calculate the length of CP. [4]

6. Calculate the length of AP. [2]

Question 56 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 14]

A picnic area is shaped like a quadrilateral, ABCD, where AB

= 10 m andCD = 17.5 m. Three of the internal angles have
^C
been measured; angle AD = 51°, angle CA^D = 70° and
^
angle AC^ B = 42°. This information is represented in the
following diagram.

1. Calculate the distance AC. [3]

^C.
2. Calculate the angle AB [3]

There is a lamp post at A, perpendicular to the ground. The angle

of elevation to the top of the lamp post from B is 32°.

3. Calculate the height of the lamp post. [2]

Patrick's family is having a barbecue party on the picnic area.

The family brings a 1.5 litre bottle of lemonade and cone-
shaped paper cups.

Each cup has a vertical height of 8 cm and the top of the cup has
a diameter of 5 cm.

4. Calculate the volume of one paper cup. [3]

5. Calculate the maximum number of cups that can be
completely filled
with the 1.5 litre bottle of lemonade. [3]
Question 57 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

The diagram below shows a triangular backyard ABC. A dog is

on a leash attached to a pole at point A. The length of the leash is
10 metres.

1. Find the area of the backyard that the dog cannot

reach. [4]

The owner of the dog estimates that the area the dog cannot
reach is 50 m2 .

2. Calculate the percentage error in the dog owner's

estimate. [2]
Question 58 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

Two drones are being flown in a park. Drone A starts at point P

and travels towards point Q in a straight line on a true bearing of
115° at a speed of 2.5 ms−1 . The distance from P to Q is 800m.
Drone B starts at point Q and travels towards point R in a
straight line on a true bearing of 215° at a speed of 7.5 ms−1 .

These two paths are shown on the diagram below.

1. Find the acute angle PQ̂R [2]

2. Find the distance between Drone A and Drone B after
4 minutes, rounding your answer to the nearest metre. [4]

Question 59 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 16]

Consider the analogue clock below, which has a circular face with
centre at point O. The minute hand of the clock, OP, has a length
of 12 cm and the hour hand, OQ, has a length of 10 cm.
In Figure: 1 the time on the clock is 7:00 pm.

1. For Figure: 1, find

1. the size of the reflex angle, PÔQ, in degrees.
2. the distance between the ends of the hour
and minute hands. [4]

In Figure: 2, the time is now 7:18 pm, and as such, the end point
of the minute hand has rotated through an angle, θ , covering an
arc length of l.

2. For figure: 2, find

1. the size of the angle θ in degrees.
2. the arc length l.
3. the area of the shaded sector. [6]

Another circular analogue clock, shown below, has a face radius of

14 cm, and minute and hour hands of length 14 cm. The
current time shown on the clock is 6:00 pm. The bottom of the
clock face is 4cm above the base of the frame holding the clock.
The height, h, of the end point of the minute hand above the base
of the frame is modelled by the function

h(θ) = 14 cos θ + 18
where θ is the angle rotated by the minute hand after 6:00 pm.

3. Find the value of h when θ = 170° [2]

The height, g , of the end point of the hour hand above the base of
the frame is modelled by the function

g(θ) = −14 cos ( ) + 18

θ
12
where θ is the angle rotated by the minute hand after 6:00 pm.

The end points of the minute and hour hands have the same
height from the base of the frame for the first time when θ = k.
4. Find the value of k . [4]
Question 60 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 18]

An airplane leaves Doha airport bound for Paris Charles de

Gaulle airport. There are lights located at the end of the runway
at points A(0, 4) and B(6, 8), relative to a terminal at the
origin. The takeoff path of the airplane is the perpendicular
bisector of line AB .

1. Find the equation of the takeoff path in the form

ax + by + d = 0, where a, b, d ∈ Z. [4]
−1
The airplane travels at an average speed of 570 km hr in a
straight line. Once the airplane has reached cruising altitutde, an
air traffic controller at the top of a 200 m high air traffic control
tower at C(7, 0) observes that the angle of elevation to the
airplane is 40°. Five minutes later, the controller observes that
the angle of elevation is 10°.

2. Find the cruising altitude of the airplane in metres. [5]

As the airplane is about to land at the Paris Charles de Gaulle

airport, the pilot is asked to delay the landing due to a traffic
issue. The pilot is instructed to turn the airplane on a bearing of
045° for 10 km until reaching point P, then travel on a bearing
of 165° for 30 km to point Q before flying back to the original
point O for landing.

3. Find the angle OP̂ Q. [2]

4. Find the shortest distance from Q back to O for
landing. [3]
5. Find the bearing the airplane must travel on to get
back to O from Q. [4]
Question 61 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 19]

The temperature in New York ranges from −4∘ C to 22∘ C

throughout the course of a year. The temperature, T , can be
modelled by the function

T (t) = −a cos(b t) + d,
Where t is time measured in months from the beginning of the
year, and a, b and d ∈ Z+ .
1. Show that
1. a = 13;
2. b = 30;
3. d = 9. [6]
2. Sketch the function T (t) for 0 ≤ t ≤ 12, clearly
labelling the coordinates of the maximum and minimum
points. [3]
3. Find the temperature when t = 4. [2]
1. 4. Determine the number of months in a year
that the temperature is above 9∘ C.
2. Find the probability that on a randomly
chosen day of the year, the temperature is
above 9∘ C. [5]
5. If the temperature in New York ranged from −7∘ C
to 25∘ C instead of −4∘ C to 22∘ C, describe how this
would affect the probability found in (d) part (ii). [3]

Question 62 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 14]

A large plot of land is shaped like a trapezoid, ABCD, where AB

is parallel to CD, AB = 12 km and CD = 8 km. The diagonal
^D
BD of the trapezoid is equal to 10 km. The internal angle AB
is equal to 58°.

Let a new point, H, be a point on AB closest to D.

1. Calculate the distance from H to D. [2]

2. Calculate the length of AD. [2]
^B.
3. Calculate the size of the angle DA [2]

A landowner estimates that the length of AD is equal to 11.5 km.

4. Calculate the percentage error in the landowner's

estimate. [2]

The landowner decides to install cone-shaped concrete bollards

along the perimeter of the plot of land. The bollards are to be
installed at a distance of 100 m from each other. The radius of
the base of each bollard is 20 cm and the height of each bollard is
40 cm.
5. Calculate the volume of one of the bollards. [2]
6. Calculate the total volume of concrete needed to
install all the bollards. [4]

Question 63 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 15]

The quadrilateral ABCD represents a recreational park, where
AB = 250 m, BC = 110 m and CD = 130 m. Angle AB ^C is
^ A is 115°. This information is shown in the
80° and angle CD
following diagram.

A straight path through the park joins the points A and C.

1. Find the length of the path AC. [3]

2. Show that the angle DA ^C is 27.5°, correct to three
significant figures. [3]
3. Find the total area of the recreational park. [4]

A new path, DE, is to be built such that E is the point on AC

closest to D.

4. Find the length of the path DE. [2]

The section of the park represented by triangle CDE will be used

for a school cross country carnival. A track will be marked along
the sides of this section.

5. Calculate the total length of the track CDE. [3]

Question 64 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 6]

The diagram below shows a triangular park ABC. Alice is in the

park with her dog. She stops at the corner B of the park to make a
phone call. The dog's leash is 12 metres long.

1. Find the area of the park that the dog cannot reach
when attached to its leash. [4]
2. Determine the percentage of total park area that the
dog can reach while attached to its leash [2]
Question 65 Calculator Allowed

[Maximum mark: 7]

On the diagram below, points X and Y are the centres of two

circles containing the two arcs from A to B.

1. Find the length from point A to point Y. [2]

2. Find the perimeter of the shaded region. [2]
3. Find the area of the shaded region. [3]