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Section 1
Listening Comprehension

1. (A) He doesn't have enough money to buy a (D) He has received a long distance call.
printer now.
(B) He's not sure how much a printer costs. 10. (A) The man should take the stereo back to
(C) He'll buy a computer later this week. the store.
(D) He lost the money he was saving. (B) The man should refer to the instruction
manual.
2. (A) Wait to play until after his 9 0'clock class. (C) She'll go to the man's house and help him.
(B) Ask Carol to play tennis. (D) She'll give the man her instruction manual.
(C) Ask Carol if she's going to class.
(D) Get a tennis lesson from Carol. 11. (A) Candy has been ordered for the machine.
(B) They still have some candy left over.
3. (A) They should ask for an increase in the (C) The machine isn't working right now.
budget. (D) The machine was moved to another
(B) The calculations appear correct to her. building.
(C) She'll try to see what method was used.
(D) They need to make a copy of the budget. 12. (A) Discuss a magazine article with the
woman.
4. (A) He could bring something to the woman. (B) Help the woman find a new doctor.
(B) He'd be happy to go with the woman. (C) Go to the store for some medicine.
(C) He wants the woman to get him a (D) Buy the woman some magazines.
newspaper.
(D) He'd like something to eat. 13. (A) The plants may need more light.
(B) The plants should get less water.
5. (A) The barbecue has been canceled. (C) The area in front of the window is too cold
(B) The weather will probably be cool. for plants.
(C) The man will not be able to attend the (D) Plants rarely do well in the dormitory.
barbecue.
(D) Casual dress will be appropriate. 14. (A) The restaurant closes early during the
week.
6. (A) He has bad study habits. (B) He thought the woman's birthday was next
(B) He sleeps too much. week.
(C) He wakes up early. (C) The woman should find out if she can
(D) He's an excellent student. reserve a table.
(D) He won't be able to go with the woman.
7. (A) She dislikes fireworks.
(B) She has plans for the evening. 15. (A) Find out where their professor is going to
(C) She doesn't feel like going out. perform.
(D) She has to get theater tickets. (B) Go to a concert.
(C) Perform in a musical recital.
8. (A) The library is closed tonight. (D) Interview the violinist.
(B) He doesn't know how to get to the library.
(C) Jean is using his car. 16. (A) He has to go home to feed his pet.
(D) He won't be able to help the woman. (B) He's expecting Cindy to arrive soon.
(C) He cannot go to Cindy's.
9. (A) He has received his telephone bill. (D) He must keep an appointment with his
(B) His calls weren't listed. doctor.
(C) The woman has already paid for her call.
17. (A) Join the dormitory council himself. (D) The notebook might be among some other
(B) Attend the next council meeting. books.
(C) Persuade the other council members not to
quit. 25. (A) Somebody frightened the birds away.
(D) Help the woman find someone to fill the (B) The berries aren't ripe yet.
vacancy. (C) She doesn't like berries.
(D) The berries aren't good to eat.
18. (A) The center has just opened.
(B) He's looking forward to using the center. 26. (A) She thought her hair was too short.
(C) The door to the fitness center is locked. (B) Her new hairstyle is more practical.
(D) There are long lines to get into the center. (C) She cut her hair herself.
(D) She has to tie back her hair.
19. (A) The film committee is full.
(B) Being on the committee requires a great 27. (A) Write his paper on a more general topic.
deal of time. (B) Take the woman's advice about his paper.
(C) It is difficult to be selected for the (C) Choose an entirely new topic for his paper.
committee. (D) Retype his paper.
(D) The man needs to sign up at another place.
28. (A) She decided not to cancel her
20. (A) Disappointed. appointment.
(B) Surprised. (B) Her new glasses aren't comfortable.
(C) Nervous. (C) She's too busy to get a checkup.
(D) Uninterested. (D) She has to check when the appointment is.

21. (A) The weather is usually bad at the picnics. 29. (A) He hadn't noticed any change in Mark.
(B) He'll need a change of clothes for the (B) Mark looks different without a beard.
picnic. (C) He thinks Mark looked better with the
(C) He's not looking forward to attending the beard.
picnic. (D) He hasn't seen Mark yet.
(D) He's looking for a new place to hold the
picnic. 30. (A) She didn't like the food the man prepared.
(B) She's not a very good cook.
22. (A) He agrees that the custodian will have a (C) She's annoyed with the man.
lot of work to do. (D) She thinks the man spent too much time
(B) He doesn't want to mess up the clean cooking.
room.
(C) He wants the woman to speak a little 31. (A) She's waiting for her father.
louder. (B) She's having her bicycle repaired.
(D) He doesn't think the woman should talk to (C) She wanted to surprise John.
the custodian again. (D) She works there.

23. (A) He usually isn't hungry until lunch time. 32. (A) To replace his stolen bicycle.
(B) His stomach hurts when he eats too fast. (B) To begin bicycling to work.
(C) He likes to eat lunch at two o'clock. (C) To join a bicycle club.
(D) He needs to run errands during lunch. (D) To train for a bicycle race.

24. (A) He put some notes on the desk last night. 33. (A) Buy a used bicycle.
(B) The woman should check with the school. (B) Buy a racing bicycle.
(C) The woman shouldn't have moved his (C) Replace the tires on his bicycle.
books. (D) Sell his old bicycle to the shop.
34. (A) It must be the right height. 42. (A) He lost the support of farmers.
(B) It must have several gears. (B) He was opposed by the Whig party.
(C) It must have good tires. (C) He died early in his term.
(D) It must be the right weight. (D) He came into conflict with railroad
owners.
35. (A) On television.
(B) At registration. 43. (A) Listen to a talk about another President.
(C) In class. (B) Write a report about Taylor's
(D) At work. accomplishments.
(C) Discuss the differences between Polk and
36. (A) Students are not required to attend regular Taylor.
class lectures. (D) Begin working on their reports about Vice
(B) The professor videotapes class lectures for Presidents.
review.
(C) Classes are held at various 44. (A) To commemorate a historic flight.
locations throughout the area. (B) To try out eighty new balloons.
(D) Students receive credit for work (C) To recruit balloonists from all over the
experience. United States.
(D) To determine whether helium balloons are
37. (A) It allows them to meet students from better than hot-air balloons.
other universities.
(B) It promotes the concept of self-learning. 45. (A) They may not be able to inflate their
(C) It allows more flexibility in students' balloons.
schedules. (B) There are too many balloons to launch at
(D) It doesn't require any examinations. once.
(C) Their flight pattern could be uncertain due
38. (A) It's a requirement for psychology majors. to the wind.
(B) She wasn't able to get into the traditional (D) They'll lose money if some balloons can't
course. take off.
(C) She lives far from the university.
(D) She has to work a lot of hours this 46. (A) They're expensive.
semester. (B) They were the first kind of balloon ever
used.
39. (A) It requires too much traveling. (C) They're faster than air balloons.
(B) It limits interaction among students. (D) They're popular in the United States.
(C) It will increase class size.
(D) It will encourage students to watch too 47. (A) To review what students know about
much television. volcanic activity.
(B) To demonstrate the use of a new
40. (A) He was well known on the West Coast. measurement device.
(B) He served as James Polk's Vice President. (C) To explain the answer to an examination
(C) He supported financial aid to fanners. question.
(D) He was a popular war hero. (D) To provide background for the next
reading assignment.
41. (A) He was not interested in political reform.
(B) He had an unusual military career. 48. (A) They occur at regular intervals.
(C) He had no political experience. (B) They can withstand great heat.
(D) He expressed many controversial ideas. (C) They travel through the Earth 's interior.
(D) They can record the Earth's internal
temperature.
49. (A) When the Earth was formed. 50. (A) How deep they are.
(B) The composition of the Earth's interior. (B) Where earthquakes form.
(C) Why lava is hot. (C) How hot they are.
(D) How often a volcano is likely to erupt. (D) What purpose they serve.
Section 2
Structure and Written Expression

1. Portland, Maine, is _____ the poet Henry 7. During the Pleistocene glacial periods _____
Wadsworth Longfellow spent his early years. portions of the Earth where plant and animal
life flourished, making it possible for people
(A) where to subsist.
(B) it where
(C) where is (A) the
(D) which is where (B) it was
(C) there were
2. As consumers' response to traditional (D) have there been
advertising techniques declines, businesses
are beginning_____ new methods of reaching 8. The photographs of Carrie Mae Weems, in
customers. which she often makes her family members
_____, are an affectionate and incisive
(A) the development that representation of the African American
(B) it developing experience.
(C) develop
(D) to develop (A) are her subjects
(B) her subjects
3. The knee is _____ most other joints in the (C) are subjects
body because it cannot twist without injury. (D) which her subjects

(A) more likely to be damaged than 9. Hubble's law states that the greater the
(B) likely to be more than damaged distance between any two galaxies, _____ is
(C) more than likely to be damaged their relative speed of separation.
(D) to be damaged more than likely
(A) the greatest
4. The quince is an attractive shrub or small tree (B) the greater
_____ closely related to the apple and pear (C) greater than
trees. (D) as great as

(A) is 10. The onion is characterized by an edible bulb

(B) that is composed of leaves rich in sugar and a
(C) that it is pungent oil, _____ the vegetable's strong
(D) is that which taste.

5. Many gases, including the nitrogen and (A) which the source of
oxygen in air, _____ color or odor. (B) that the source is
(C) the source of
(A) have no (D) of the source is
(B) which have no
(C) not having 11. A regional writer with a gift for dialect,
(D) they do not have _____ her fiction with the eccentric, comic,
but vital inhabitants of rural Mississippi.
6. The American Academy of Poets, _____ the
1930's, provides financial assistance to (A) and Eudora Welty is peopling
support working poets. (B) Eudora Welty peoples
(C) because Eudora Welty peoples
(A) when it was founded (D) Eudora Welty, to people
(B) was founded
(C) which was founded in
(D) was founded in
12. Relative humidity is the amount of water 14. Fibers of hair and wool are not continuous
vapor the air contains at a certain and must normally be spun into thread
temperature _____ with the amount it could _____ woven into textile fabrics.
hold at that temperature.
(A) as are they
(A) to compare (B) when to be
(B) compared (C) that they are
(C) comparing (D) If they are to be
(D) compares
15. Margaret Brent, because of her skill in
13. Scientists believe the first inhabitants of the managing estates, became _____ largest
Americas arrived by crossing the land bridge landholders in colonial Maryland.
that connected Siberia and _____ more than
I 0,000 years ago. (A) what the
(B) one of the
(A) this is Alaska now (C) who the
(B) Alaska is now (D) the one that
(C) is now Alaska
(D) what is now Alaska

16. The Armory Show, held in New York in 1913, was a important exhibition of modern European art.
A B C D

17. Ripe fruit is often stored in a place who contains much carbon dioxide so that the fruit will not decay
A B C
too rapidly.
D

18. In 1852 Massachusetts passed a law requiring all children from four to eighteen years of old to attend
A B C D
school.

19. The main purpose of classifying animals is to show the most probable evolutionary relationship of
A B
the different species to each another.
C D

20. Matthew C. Perry, a United States naval commander, gained fame not in war and through diplomacy
A B C D

21. One of the most impressive collections of nineteenth-century European paintings in the United States
A B
can be found to the Philadelphia Museum of Art.
C D

22. Three of every four migrating water birds in North America visits the Gulf of Mexico's winter
A B C D
wetlands.

23. Charleston, West Virginia, was named for Charles Clendenin who son George acquired land at the
A B C
junction of tile Elk and Kanawha rivers in 1787.
D
24. Financier Andrew Mellon donated most of his magnificent art collection to the National Gallery of
A B S
Art, where it is now locating.
D

25. Soil temperatures in Death Valley, California, near the Nevada border, have been known to reach 90
A B C
of degrees Celsius.
D

26. When the Sun, Moon, and Earth are alignment and the Moon crosses the Earth's orbital plane, a solar
A B C
eclipse occurs.
D

27. Mary Cassatt's paintings of mothers and children are known for its fine linear rhythm, simple
A B C
modelings, and harmonies of clear color.
D

28. Plants synthesize carbohydrates from water and carbon dioxide with the aid of energy is derived from
A B C
sunlight.
D

29. The best American popular music balances a powerful emotions of youth with tenderness, grace, and
A B C D
wit.

30. In the nineteenth century, women used quilts to inscribe their responses to social, economic, and
A B C
politics issues.
D

31. Fossils in 500-inillion-year-old rocks demonstrate that life forms in the Cambrian period were mostly
A B C
marine animals capability of secreting calcium to form shells.
D

32. Rainbows in the shape of complete circles are sometimes seen from airplanes because they
A B
are not cutting off by the horizon.
C D

33. Hot at the equator causes the air to expand, rise, and flow toward the poles.
A B C D

34. Although research has been ongoing since 1930, the existence of ESP – perception and
A B
communication without the use of sight, hear, taste, touch, or smell – is still disputed.
C D
35. As many as 50 percent of the income from motion pictures produced in the United States comes from
A B C
marketing the films abroad.
D

36. Sleep is controlled by the brain and associated by characteristic breathing rhythms.
A B C D

37. The walls around the city of Quebec, which was originally a fort military, still stand, making Quebec
A B C
the only walled city in North America.
D

38. The manufacture of automobile was extremely expensive until assembly-line techniques made them
A B C D
cheaper to produce

39. The ballad is characterized by informal diction, by a narrative largely dependent on action and
A B
dialogue, by thematic intense, and by stress on repetition.
C D

40. Eleanor Roosevelt set the standard against which the wives of all United States Presidents since
A B C
have evaluated.
D
Section 3
Reading Comprehension

Question 1 -7
Hotels were among the earliest facilities that bound the United States together. They
were both creatures and creators of communities, as well symptoms of the frenetic
quest for community. Even in the first part of the nineteenth century, Americans were
Line already forming the habit of gathering from all corners of the nation for both public and
(5) private, business and pleasure, purposes. Conventions were the new occasions, and
hotels were distinctively American facilities making conventions possible. The first
national convention of a major party to choose a candidate for President (that of the
National Republican party, which met on December 12, 1831, and nominated Henry
Clay for President) was held in Baltimore, at a hotel that was then reputed to be the
(10) best in the country. The presence in Baltimore of Barnum's City Hotel, a six-story
building with two hundred apartments, helps explain why many other early national
political conventions were held there.
In the longer run, American hotels made other national conventions not only
possible but pleasant and convivial. The growing custom of regularly assembling from
(15) afar the representatives of all kinds of groups – not only for political conventions, but
also for commercial, professional, learned, and avocations ones – in turn supported
the multiplying hotels. By the mid-twentieth century, conventions accounted for over a
third of the yearly room occupancy of all hotels in the nation; about eighteen thousand
different conventions were held annually with a total attendance of about ten million
(20) persons.
Nineteenth-century American hotelkeepers, who were no longer the genial,
deferential "hosts" of the eighteenth-century European inn, became leading citizens.
Holding a large stake in the community, they exercised power to make it prosper. As
owners or managers of the local "palace of the public,” they were makers and shapers
(25) of a principal community attraction. Travelers from abroad were mildly shocked by this
high social position.

1. The word "bound" in line 1 is closest in

meaning to
4. The word "ones" in line 16 refers to
(A) led
(B) protected (A) hotels
(C) tied (B) conventions
(D) strengthened (C) kinds
(D) representatives
2. The National Republican party is mentioned in
line 8 as an example of a group 5. The word "it" in line 23 refers to

(A) from Baltimore (A) European inn

(B) of learned people (B) host
(C) owning a hotel (C) community
(D) holding a convention (D) public

3. The word "assembling" in line 14 is closest in 6. It can be inferred from the passage that early
meaning to hotelkeepers in the United States were

(A) announcing (A) active politicians

(B) motivating (B) European immigrants
(C) gathering (C) professional builders
(D) contracting (D) influential citizens
7. Which of the following statements about early (B) Conventions were held in them.
American hotels is NOT mentioned in the (C) People used them for both business and
passage? pleasure.
(D) They were important to the community
(A) Travelers from abroad did not enjoy
staying in them.

Question 8 -17
Beads were probably the first durable ornaments humans possessed, and the
intimate relationship they had with their owners is reflected in the fact that beads are
among the most common items found in ancient archaeological sites. In the past, as
Line today, men, women, and children adorned themselves with beads. In some cultures
(5) still, certain beads are often worn from birth until death, and then are buried with their
owners for the afterlife. Abrasion due to daily wear alters the surface features of beads,
and if they are buried for long, the effects of corrosion can further change their
appearance. Thus, interest is imparted to the bead both by use and the effects of time.
Besides their wearability, either as jewelry or incorporated into articles of attire,
(10) beads possess the desirable characteristics of every collectible: they are durable,
portable, available in infinite variety, and often valuable in their original cultural
context as well as in today's market. Pleasing to look at and touch, beads come in
shapes, colors, and materials that almost compel one to handle them and to sort them.
Beads are miniature bundles of secrets waiting to be revealed: their history,
(15) manufacture, cultural context, economic role, and ornamental use are all points of
information one hopes to unravel. Even the most mundane beads may have traveled
great distances and been exposed to many human experiences. The bead researcher
must gather information from many diverse fields. In addition to having to be a
generalist while specializing in what may seem to be a narrow field, the researcher is
(20) faced with the problem of primary materials that have little or no documentation. Many
ancient beads that are of ethnographic interest have often been separated from their
original cultural context.
The special attractions of beads contribute to the uniqueness of bead research. While
often regarded as the "small change of civilizations,” beads are a part of every culture,
(25) and they can often be used to date archaeological sites and to designate the degree of
mercantile, technological, and cultural sophistication.

8. What is the main subject of the passage? 10. The word "attire" in line 9 is closest in
meaning to
(A) Materials used in making beads
(B) How beads are made (A) ritual
(C) The reasons for studying beads (B) importance
(D) Different types of beads (C) clothing
(D) history
9. The word "adorned" in line 4 is closest in
meaning to 11. All of the following are given as
characteristics of collectible objects
(A) protected EXCEPT
(B) decorated
(C) purchased (A) durability
(D) enjoyed (B) portability
(C) value
(D) scarcity
12. According to the passage, all of the following 15. It is difficult to trace the history of certain
are factors that make people want to touch ancient beads because they
beads EXCEPT the
(A) are small in size
(A) shape (B) have been buried underground
(B) color (C) have been moved from their original
(C) material locations
(D) odor (D) are frequently lost

13. The word "unravel" in line 16 is closest in 16. Knowledge of the history of some beads may
meaning to be useful in the studies done by which of the
following?
(A) communicate
(B) transport (A) Anthropologist
(C) improve (B) Agricultural experts
(D) discover (C) Medical researchers
(D) Economists
14. The word "mundane" in line 16 is closest in
meaning to 17. Where in the passage does the author
describe why the appearance beads may
(A) carved change?
(B) beautiful
(C) ordinary (A) Lines 3-4
(D) heavy (B) Lines 6-8
(C) Lines 12-13
(D) Lines 20-22
Question 18 -31
In the world of birds, bill design is a prime example of evolutionary fine-tuning.
Shorebirds such as oystercatchers use their bills to pry open the tightly sealed shells of
their prey; hummingbirds have stiletto-like bills to probe the deepest nectar-bearing
Line flowers; and kiwis smell out earthworms thanks to nostrils located at the tip of their
(5) beaks. But few birds are more intimately tied to their source of sustenance than are
crossbills. Two species of these finches, named for the way the upper and lower parts
of their bills cross, rather than meet in the middle, reside in the evergreen forests of
North America and feed on the seeds held within the cones of coniferous trees.
The efficiency of the bill is evident when a crossbill locates a cone. Using a lateral
(10) motion of its lower mandible, the bird separates two overlapping scales on the cone and
exposes the seed. The crossed mandibles enable the bird to exert a powerful biting
force at the bill tips, which is critical for maneuvering them between the scales and
spreading the scales apart. Next, the crossbill snakes its long tongue into the gap and
draws out the seed. Using the combined action of the bill and tongue, the bird cracks
(15) open and discards the woody seed covering and swallows the nutritious inner kernel.
This whole process takes but a few seconds and is repeated hundreds of times a day.
The bills of different crossbill species and subspecies vary – some are stout and
deep, others more slender and shallow. As a rule, large-billed crossbills are better at
securing seeds from large cones, while small-billed crossbills are more deft at
(20) removing the seeds from small, thin-scaled cones. Moreover, the degree to which cones
are naturally slightly open or tightly closed helps determine which bill design is the
best.
One anomaly is the subspecies of red crossbill known as the Newfoundland
crossbill. This bird has a large, robust bill, yet most of Newfoundland's conifers have
(25) small cones, the same kind of cones that the slender-billed white-wings rely on.

18. What does the passage mainly discuss? 20. Why does the author mention oystercatchers,
hummingbirds, and kiwis in lines 2-4?
(A) The importance of conifers in evergreen
forests (A) They are examples of birds that live in the
(B) The efficiency of the bill of the crossbill forest.
(C) The variety of food available in a forest (B) Their beaks are similar to the beak of the
(D) The different techniques birds use to crossbill.
obtain food (C) They illustrate the relationship between
bill design and food supply.
19. Which of the following statements best (D) They are closely related to the crossbill.
represents the type of “evolutionary fine-
tuning" mentioned in line 1? 21. Crossbills are a type of
(A) Different shapes of bills have evolved (A) shorebird
depending on the available food supply. (B) hummingbird
(B) White-wing crossbars have evolved from (C) kiwi
red crossbills. (D) finch
(C) Newfoundland's conifers have evolved
small cones.
(D) Several subspecies of crossbills have
evolved from two species.
22. Which of the following most closely
resembles the bird described in lines 6-8? 27. The word "deft" in line 19 is closest in
meaning to
(A) hungry
(B) skilled
(C) tired
(D) pleasant

28. The word "robust" in line 24 is closest in

meaning to
(A) strong
(B) colorful
(C) unusual
(D) sharp

29. In what way is the Newfoundland crossbill

an anomaly?
23. The word "which" in line 12 refers to
(A) It is larger than the other crossbill species.
(A) seed (B) It uses a different technique to obtain
(B) bird food.
(C) force (C) The size of its bill does not fit the size of
(D) bill its food source.
(D) It does not live in evergreen forests.
24. The word "gap" in line 13 is closest in
meaning to 30. The final paragraph of the passage will
(A) opening probably continue with a discussion of
(B) flower
(C) mouth (A) other species of forest birds
(D) tree (B) the fragile ecosystem of Newfoundland
(C) what mammals live in the forests of North
25. The word "discards" in line 15 is closest in America
meaning to (D) how the Newfoundland crossbill survives
(A) eats with a large bill
(B) breaks
(C) finds out 31. Where in the passage does the author
(D) gets rid of describe how a crossbill removed a seed
from its cone?
26. The word "others" in line 18 refers to (A) The first paragraph
(A) bills (B) The second paragraph
(B) species (C) The third paragraph
(C) seeds (D) The fourth paragraph
(D) cones
Question 32 -38
If you look closely at some of the early copies of the Declaration or Independence,
beyond the flourished signature of John Hancock and the other fifty-five men who
signed it, you will also find the name of one woman, Mary Katherine Goddard. It was
Line she, a Baltimore printer, who published the first official copies of the Declaration, the
(5) first copies that included the names of its signers and therefore heralded the support of
all thirteen colonies.
Mary Goddard first got into printing at the age of twenty-four when her brother
opened a printing shop in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1762. When he proceeded to
get into trouble with his partners and creditors. it was Mary Goddard and her mother
(10) who were left to run the shop. In 1765 they began publishing the Providence Gazette, a
weekly newspaper. Similar problems seemed to follow her brother as he opened
businesses in Philadelphia and again in Baltimore. Each time Ms. Goddard was
brought in to run the newspapers. After starting Baltimore's first newspaper, The
Maryland Journal, in 1773, her brother went broke trying to organize a colonial postal
(15) service. While he was in debtor's prison, Mary Katherine Goddard's name appeared on
the newspaper's masthead for the first time.
When the Continental Congress fled there from Philadelphia in 1776, it
commissioned Ms. Goddard to print the first official version of the Declaration of
Independence in January 1777. After printing the documents, she herself paid the post
(20) riders to deliver the Declaration throughout the colonies.
During the American Revolution, Mary Goddard continued to publish Baltimore's
only newspaper, which one historian claimed was "second to none among the
colonies." She was also the city's Postmaster from 1775 to 1789 – appointed by
Benjamin Franklin – and is considered to be the first woman to hold a federal position.

32. With which of the following subjects is the (A) was appointed by Benjamin Franklin
passage mainly concerned? (B) signed the Declaration of Independence
(C) took over her brother's printing shop
(A) The accomplishments of a female (D) moved to Baltimore
publisher
(B) The weaknesses of the newspaper 36. The word "there" in line 17 refers to
industry
(C) The rights of a female publisher (A) the colonies
(D) The publishing system in colonial (B) the print shop
America (C) Baltimore
(D) Providence
33. Mary Goddard's name appears on the
Declaration of Independence because 37. It can be inferred from the passage that Mary
Goddard was
(A) she helped write the original document
(B) she published the document (A) an accomplished businesswoman
(C) she paid to have the document printed (B) extremely wealthy
(D) her brother was in prison (C) a member of the Continental congress
(D) a famous writer
34. The word "heralded" in line 5 is closest in
meaning to 38.The word "position" in line 24 is closest in
meaning to
(A) influenced
(B) announced (A) job
(C) rejected (B) election
(D) ignored (C) document
(D) location
35. According to the passage, Mary Goddard
first became involved in publishing when
she
Question 39 -50
Galaxies are the major building blocks of the universe. A galaxy is a giant family of
many millions of stars, and it is held together by its own gravitational field. Most of the
material universe is organized into galaxies of stars, together with gas and dust.
Line There are three main types of galaxy: spiral, elliptical, and irregular. The Milky
(5) Way is a spiral galaxy: a flattish disc of star with two spiral arms emerging from its
central nucleus. About one-quarter of all galaxies have this shape. Spiral galaxies are
well supplied with the interstellar gas in which new stars form; as the rotating spiral
pattern sweeps around the galaxy it compresses gas and dust, triggering the formation
of bright young stars in its arms. The elliptical galaxies have a symmetrical elliptical or
(10) spheroidal shape with no obvious structure. Most of their member stars are very old
and since ellipticals are devoid of interstellar gas, no new stars are forming in them.
The biggest and brightest galaxies in the universe are ellipticals with masses of about
1013 times that of the Sun; these giants may frequently be sources of strong radio
emission, in which case they are called radio galaxies. About two-thirds of all galaxies
(15) are elliptical. Irregular galaxies comprise about one-tenth of all galaxies and they come
in many subclasses.
Measurement in space is quite different from measurement on Earth. Some
terrestrial distances can be expressed as intervals of time: the time to fly from one
continent to another or the time it takes to drive to work, for example. By comparison
(20) with these familiar yardsticks, the distances to the galaxies are incomprehensibly large,
but they too are made more manageable by using a time calibration, in this case, the
distance that light travels in one year. On such a scale the nearest giant spiral galaxy,
the Andromeda galaxy, is two million light years away. The most distant luminous
objects seen by telescopes are probably ten thousand million light years away. Their
light was already halfway here before the Earth even formed. The light from the nearby
Virgo galaxy set out when reptiles still dominated the animal world.

39. The word "major" in line 1 is closest in 42. According to the passage, new stars are
meaning to formed in spiral galaxies due to
(A) intense (A) an explosion of gas
(B) principal (B) the compression of gas and dust
(C) huge (C) the combining of old stars
(D) unique (D) strong radio emissions

40. What does the second paragraph mainly

discuss? 43. The word "symmetrical" in line 9 is closest
in meaning to
(A) The Milky Way
(B) Major categories of galaxies (A) proportionally balanced
(C) How elliptical galaxies are formed (B) commonly seen
(D) Differences between irregular and spiral (C) typically large
galaxies (D) steadily growing

41. The word "which" in line 7 refers to 44. The word "obvious" in line 10 is closest in
meaning to
(A) dust
(B) gas (A) discovered
(C) pattern (B) apparent
(D) galaxy (C) understood
(D) simplistic
45. According to the passage, which of the 49. Why does the author mention the Virgo
following is NOT true of elliptical galaxies? galaxy and the Andromeda galaxy in the
third paragraph?
(A) They are the largest galaxies.
(B) They mostly contain old stars. (A) To describe the effect that distance has on
(C) They contain a high amount of interstellar visibility
gas. (B) To compare the ages of two relatively
(D) They have a spherical shape. young galaxies
(C) To emphasize the vast distances of the
46. Which of the following characteristics of galaxies from Earth
radio galaxies is mentioned in the passage? (D) To explain why certain galaxies cannot be
seen by a telescope
(A) They are a type of elliptical galaxy.
(B) They are usually too small to be seen with 50. The word "dominated" in line 26 is closest in
a telescope. meaning to
(C) They are closely related to irregular
galaxies. (A) threatened
(D) They are not as bright as spiral galaxies. (B) replaced
(C) were developing in
47. What percentage of galaxies is irregular? (D) were prevalent in
(A) 10%
(B) 25%
(C) 50%
(D) 75%

48. The word "they" in line 21 refers to

(A) intervals
(B) yardsticks
(C) distances
(D) galaxies