A building has a rectangular grid of 7 m x 6 m of waffle slab and is to support an imposed load

(Live load) of 4 kN/m2 and floor finish load of 1 kN/m2. Design an interior panel of the waffle
slab and a supporting beam. Fck = 20 MPa, fy = 415 MPa. The design will be done according
to IS: 456:2000.

Process:
Step – I
Size of grid = 7 m (V) x 6 m (H)
Spacing of ribs = 1400 mm (V), 1500 mm (H)
Grade of concrete: M – 20; fck = 20 N/mm2
Grade of steel: Fe 415; fy = 415 N/mm2
Live load = 4 kN/m2
Floor finish = 1 kN/m2
Step – II
No. of panels/Grids
1. In shorter direction;
6000
[x] = =4
1500
2. In longer direction;
7000
[y] = =5
1400
Total number of panels = 4 x 5 = 20
Step – III
Dimensions of Slab and Beam
ly 7
= = 1.16  2
lx 6

Therefore, two way slab.

Thickness of slab depends on span/depth ratio.
As per IS 456:2000 pp 39:
For simply supported slab, ratio = 35
For continuous slab, ratio = 40.
Adopt thickness of slab = 100 mm
Span 7000
Depth of rib = = = 269.33
26 26
Span 6000
And, = = 230.76
26 26
For deflection purpose adopt D = 375 mm (Range = 300 mm – 600 mm)
l l 375 375
Width of rib = 100 mm (Range = to = to i.e. 125 – 93.75 mm)
3 4 3 4
Number of beams in X – direction:
7000
Nx = +1 = 6
1400
Number of beams in Y – direction:
6000
Ny = +1 = 5
1500

E = 5000 x 20 x 1000 = 22.36 x 106 N/mm2

Grid floor consists of (a) Grid slab and (b) Tee beam.
Step – 4
Load calculation:
Total weight of slab = lx x ly x thickness of slab x unit weight of concrete
= 7 x 6 x 0.1 x 25
= 105 kN
Total weight of beam in X – direction = 25 x bw x D x Nx x lx
= 25 x 0.10 x 0.375 x 6 x 6
= 33.75 kN
Total weight of beam in Y – direction = 25 x bw x D x Ny x {ly – (bw x Nx)}
= 25 x 0.1 x 0.375 x 5 x {7 – (0.1 x 6)}
= 30 kN
Total live load, LL = LL x LX x LY
=4x6x7
= 168 kN
Total floor finish = FF x Lx x Ly
= 1 x 6 x 7 = 42 kN
Total load = 105 + 33.75 + 30 + 168 + 42 kN
= 378.75 kN
378.75
Total load per square meter, q = = 9.018 kN/m 2
7x6
Total factored load = 1.5 x 9.018 kN/m2 = 13.52 kN/m2
Design Parameters:
Df 100
= = 0.266
D 375
bf 1500 1400
= = 15 and = 14
bw 100 100

Moment of Inertia:

k x bw D3
I= [kx = 2.55, Sp – 16, Table – 88]
12

2.55 x 100 x 3753

= mm4
12
= 11.20 x 108 mm4
= 11.20 x 10–4 m4
Flexural Rigidity of Beam:
EI
Dx =
a1

22.36 x 106 x 11.20 x 108

=
1500
= 16.69 x 1012
EI
Dy =
b1

22.36 x 106 x 11.20 x 108

=
1400
= 17.88 x 1012
Modulus of Shear:
E
G=
2 (1 + )
22.36 x 106
= [Assume ν = 0.15]
2 (1 + 0.15 )

= 9.72 x 106 Pa
Torsional Constants:

  b   D
C1 = 1 − 0.63 x  w   bw3 x 
  D   3

  0.100    0.375 
= 1 − 0.63 x    ( 0.1 ) x
3

  0.375    3 

= (1 – 0.168)(0.000125)
= 1.04 x 10–4 m3

  b   b 
C2 = 1 − 0.63 x  w    D3 x w 
  D   3

  0.100    0.100 
= 1 − 0.63 x    ( 0.375 ) x
3

  0.375    3 

= (1 – 0.168) (0.00175)
= 1.46 x 10–3 m3
Torsional Rigidity:
GC1
Cx =
b1

9.72 x 106 x 1.04 x 10−4

=
1.4
= 722.06
GC2
Cy =
a1

9.72 x 106 x 1.46 x 10−3

=
1.5
= 9460.80
Therefore, 2H = Cx + Cy
= 722.06 + 9460.80
= 10182.86 = 10.18 x 103
Dx 16.69
4
= 4 x 103
Lx 6

= 12.87
Dy 17.88
4
= 4
x 103
L y 7

= 7.44

2H 10.18 x 103
Therefore, 2 =
Lx x L2y 62 x 7 2

= 5.77
Deflection Check:

Dx Dy 2H
ω= + 4 + 2 = 12.87 +7.44 + 5.77 mm
4
Lx Ly Lx x L2y

= 26.08 mm
16 x 13.52
ω=
960 x 26.08
= 0.00864 m = 8.64 mm
Long – term Deflection:
Lt deflection = 3 x ω
= 3 x 8.64 mm
= 25.92 mm
Span 7000
= = 28
250 250
Span
Therefore, Lt deflection <
250
Hence, safe.
Maximum moment and Shear values
2
 
M x = Dx x   x ω
 Lx 
2
 3.14 
 x 8.64 kNm
3
= 16.69 x 10 x 
 6 
= 39.49 kNm
2
 
M y = Dy x   x ω
L
 y 
2
 3.14 
= 17.88 x 103 x   x 8.64 kNm
 7 
= 31.084 kNm
Maximum Torsional Moment:

Cx x π 2ω
M xy =
Lx x Ly

722.06 x ( 3.14 ) x 8.64

2

=
6x7
= 1.46 kNm
Reinforcement Details:
For X – direction:
Mu = 39.49 kNm, b = 100 mm, d = 350 mm

0.5 f ck   4.6M u  
Astx = 1 − 1 −  x b x d
fy   f ck bd 2  
 

0.5 x 20   4.6 x 39.49 x 106  

= 1 − 1 −  2 
 x 100 x 350 mm2
415   20 x 100 x 350  

= 413.25 mm2
Using 16 mm ϕ bars:

Area of one bar = x 162 mm2 = 200.96 mm 2
4
413.25
Number of bar = = 2.05  2
200.96
Therefore, two number of bars (16 mm ϕ) can be provided.
For Y – direction:
Mu = 31.084 kNm, b = 100 mm, d = 350 mm

0.5 f ck   4.6M u  
Asty = 1 − 1 −  2 
x b x d
fy   ck
f bd  

0.5 x 20   4.6 x 31.084 x 106  
= 1 − 1 −  2 
 x 100 x 350 mm2 = 295.18 mm2
415   20 x 100 x 350  

Using 10 mm ϕ bars,

x (10 ) mm 2 = 78.5 mm 2
2
Area of one bar =
4
295.18
Number of bar = = 3.76  4
78.5
Therefore, four number of bars (10 mm ϕ) can be provided.
Provide minimum steel in slab portion i.e. flange of waffle slab.
0.12
( Ast )min = xbxD
100
0.12
= x 1000 x 100 mm2
100
= 120 mm2
Shear Force:

  
3
3 
Qx =  Dx x   + C y x x ω
  Lx  a1x b12 


  3.14 
3
3.143 
= 16.69 x 10 x   + 9460.80 x  x 8.64 kN
3

  6000  1500x 14002 

= 87.3 kN

  
3
 3 

Qy = Dy x   + C x x 2 xω
 L  a1 x b1 
  y 


  3.14 
3
3.143 
= 17.88 x 10 x 
3
 + 722.06 x  x 8.64 kN
  7000  15002 x 1400 

= 79.57 kN
Quantity of Concrete:
Slab portion: 6 x 7 x 0.1 = 4.20
Rib portion: 6 x 6 x 0.275 = 0.990 (X – direction)
: 5 x (7 – 0.1 x 6) x 0.275 = 0.88 (Y – direction)
Total = 6.07 m3
Summary:

Code 1S 456:2000

Grade of concrete (N/mm2) M20

Grade of steel (N/mm2) Fe 415

Thickness of slab (mm) 300 mm

Longer span:
Negative moment 386.19 kN-m
Positive moment 207.95 kN-m
Shorter span:
Negative moment 322.58 kN-m
Positive moment 173.701 kN-m
Quantity of concrete (m3) 12.69 cum

Area of reinforcement(mm2) 13428.97 mm2

% of steel 0.64 %

Quantity of steel (kgs) 633.02 kgs

Check for shear Safe

Shear reinforcement: Required for shear No