Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________ ID: A

SPH4U Exam Review P1 Kinematics

Problem

1. An object is pushed from rest across a sheet of ice, accelerating at 5.0 m/s2 over a distance of 80.0 cm.
The object then slides with a constant speed for 4.0 s until it reaches a rough section which causes it to
stop in 2.5 s.
(a) What is the speed of the object when it reaches the rough section?
(b) At what rate does the object slow down once it reaches the rough section?
(c) What total distance does the object slide throughout its entire trip?

2. A ball is thrown vertically upward from a window that is 3.6 m above the ground. Its initial speed is 2.8
m/s.
(a) With what speed does the ball hit the ground?
(b) How long after the first ball is thrown should a second ball be simply dropped from the same window
so that both balls hit the ground at the same time?

3. Two planes fly from Toronto to Philadelphia. Plane A flies via Pittsburgh whereas passengers on plane B
have a direct flight. Pittsburgh is 350 km due south of Toronto and 390 km due west of Philadelphia. The
airspeed of both planes is 400.0 km/h and a steady wind is blowing from the east at 60.0 km/h.
(a) What direction must the pilot point the plane flying from Toronto to Pittsburgh? Include a vector
diagram of velocities.
(b) How long will the entire flight take for plane A assuming a 0.50-h layover in Pittsburgh?
(c) How much time must the pilot of plane B wait before leaving Toronto if she is to arrive in
Philadelphia at the same time plane A arrives?

4. Two canoeists, A and B, live on opposite shores of a 300.0 m wide river that flows east at 0.80 m/s. A
lives on the north shore and B lives on the south shore. They both set out to visit a mutual friend X who
lives on the north shore at a point 200.0 m upstream from A and 200.0 m downstream from B. Both
canoeists can propel their canoes at 2.4 m/s through the water. How much time must canoeist A wait after
canoeist B sets out so that they both arrive at X at the same time? Both canoeists make their respective
trips by the most direct routes.

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Name: ________________________ ID: A

5. The graph below represents the motion of an object over a recorded time interval. Using methods of
graphical analysis wherever possible, determine
(a) the object’s displacement relative to its starting position at t = 6.0 s.
(b) the object’s average velocity between t = 0.0 s and t = 6.0 s.
(c) the object’s average speed between t = 0.0 s and t = 6.0 s.
(d) Including t = 0.0 s, how many times during the entire recorded time interval is the object at its starting
position?
(e) During which interval is the object’s acceleration the greatest? What is the value of the acceleration
during this interval?
(f) Plot the corresponding position-time graph.
(g) Plot the corresponding acceleration-time graph.

6. A circus clown is fired from a cannon into a net that is situated 2.0 m above the cannon and some
distance from it. The cannon is elevated at 50.0 to the horizontal and the clown’s speed at launch is 15
m/s. See the diagram below.

(a) Find the horizontal distance from the cannon where the net needs to placed in order for the clown to
land in it.
(b) Calculate the clown’s velocity as he lands in the net.

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ID: A

SPH4U Exam Review P1 Kinematics

Answer Section

PROBLEM

1. ANS:
(a)
v1 = 0.0 m/s
a = 5.0 m/s2
d = 80.0 cm = 0.800 m
v2 = ?

v 22  v 21  2ad

v2  v 21  2ad

 (0.0 m/s) 2 +2(5.0 m/s 2 )(0.800 m)

v 2 = 2.8 m/s
The speed of the object upon reaching the rough section is 2.8 m/s.

(b)
v1 = 2.83 m/s
v2 = 0.0 m/s
t = 2.5 s
a=?
v2  v1
a
t
0.0 m/s  2.83 m/s

2.5 s
a   1.1 m/s 2
The object’s acceleration is 1.1 m/s2 and slowing.

(c)
During the period of acceleration:
d = 0.800 m

During the period of uniform motion:

v = 2.83 m/s
t = 4.0 s
d = vt = 2.83 m/s(4.0 s) = 11.32 m

During the period of deceleration:

v1 = 2.83 m/s
v2 = 0.0 m/s
t = 2.5 s

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ID: A

 v 1  v 2 
d    t

 2 
 
 2.83 m/s + 0.0 m/s 
 
   2.5 s

 2 
d  3.54 m
Total distance the object slides: 0.800 m + 11.32 m + 3.54 m = 16 m
The object slides a total distance of 16 m.

PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 1.2 STA: FM1.02

2
ID: A

2. ANS:
(a)
Using a sign convention of “down” as (+) and “up” as (–).
d  3.6 m

g
a   9.8 m/s 2
v 1  2.8 m/s

v 2 ?

v 22  
 v 12  2a 
d

v2 
 v 12  2a
 
d

 (  2.8 m/s) 2 +2(9.8 m/s 2 )(3.6 m)

v 2  8.9 m/s

The speed of the object when it hits the ground is 8.9 m/s.

(b)
Time of flight for the first ball:
v 1  2.8 m/s

v 2  8.85 m/s


  9.8 m/s 2
a
t ?
v2  
 v1
t 
a

8.85 m/s  (2.8 m/s)

9.8 m/s 2
t  1.19 s

Time of flight for the second ball:

v 1  0.0 m/s

  3.6 m
d
  9.8 m/s 2
a
1
 
d a (t) 2
v 1 t  2 


2d
t 
a


2(3.6 m)

9.8 m/s 2
t  0.86 s
The difference in flight times is 1.19 s – 0.86 s = 0.33 s.
The second ball should be dropped 0.33 s after the first one is thrown so that both hit the ground at
the same time.

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ID: A

PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 1.3 STA: FM1.02

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ID: A

3. ANS:
(a) The triangle of velocity vectors appears as:

 60.0 
 
  sin 1  
 400.0 

  8.6
The plane must point [8.6 E of S].

(b) For the first leg of the trip of plane A:

v P G    ( 
  v P A ) 2    ( 
v AG ) 2 

 (400.0 km/h) 2  (60.0 km/h) 2

 
v P G   395 km/h
time to fly from Toronto to Pittsburgh:
d
 t 
v
350.0 km

395.5 km/h
t  0.885 h
Layover time in Pittsburgh is 0.5 h.

Pittsburgh to Philadelphia:
v P G  400.0 km/h [E] + 60.0 km/h [W]
v P G  340 km/h [E]


Time to fly:

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ID: A

d
t 
v
390.0 km

340.0 km/h
t  1.15 h
Total time Toronto to Philadelphia: 0.885 h + 0.5 h + 1.15 h = 2.5 h
The total time for plane A is 2.5 h.

(c) Distance from Toronto to Philadelphia:

d = (350.0 km) 2 + (390.0 km) 2
d = 524.0 km
Vector triangle of velocities:

Using sine law:  = 5.8, then  = 180 – 138 – 5.8 = 36

Using cosine law:  
v P G   353 km/h

Time for plane B to fly from Toronto to Philadelphia:

d
t 
v
524.0 km

353.1 km/h
t  1.48 h
Plane B must wait 2.5 h – 1.48 h = 1.0 h.

PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 1.5 STA: FM1.05

6
ID: A

4. ANS:
Canoeist B:
v AW = velocity of canoeist A with respect to the water

v AL = velocity of canoeist A with respect to the land

v WL = velocity of water with respect to the land


 300.0 
 
  tan1  
 200.0 

  56
Using sine law:   16.
The component of  v AW across the river is: 2.4sin(56 + 16) = 2.28 m/s.
The time for B to cross to point X:
d
t 
v
300.0 m

2.28 m/s
t  131.6 s

Canoeist A:
v BL = 2.4 m/s [W] + 0.80 m/s [E]

v BL = 1.6 m/s [W]

The time for A to reach point X:
d
t 
v
200.0 m

1.6 m/s
t  125 s
Canoe A must wait 131.6 s – 125 s = 6.6 s.

PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 1.5 STA: FM1.05

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ID: A

5. ANS:

(a) displacement = area under graph

= 23.75 m [S] + 18.75 m [N]
displacement = 5.0 m [S]


d
v
(b) 
t
5.0 m [S]

6.0 s
v  0.83 m/s [S]

The object’s average velocity during the first 6.0 s is 0.83 m/s [S].

d
(c) v 
t
23.75 m + 18.75 m

6.0 s
v  7.1 m/s
The object’s average speed during the first 6.0 s is 7.1 m/s.

(d) The object is at its starting location 3 times throughout the motion.

(e) The object’s acceleration is greatest between t = 6.5 s and 7.0 s. (the greatest slope) acceleration =
slope of graph = 30 m/s2 [N]

(f)

(g)

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ID: A

PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 1.2 STA: FM1.02

6. ANS:
(a)
Time of flight: let “up” be (–) and “down” be (+)
v1 = –15 m/s(sin 50) = –11.5 m/s
a = 9.8 m/s2
d = –2.0 m
t = ?
1
d  v 1 t  2 a(t) 2
–2.0 = (–11.5)t + 4.9(t)2
Solving the quadratic: t = 0.19 s (way up) and 2.16 s (way down)

Horizontal range: d = vt = 15 m/s(cos 50º)(2.16 s) = 21 m

The net must be placed 21 m away from the cannon.

(b) Horizontal component of final velocity: 15 m/s(cos 50) = 9.64 m/s

Vertical component of final velocity: v2 = v1 + at = –11.5 m/s + 9.8 m/s2(2.16 s)
v2 = 9.67 m/s
Using Pythagoras:  
v  (9.67) 2  (9.64) 2

v   14 m/s
 9.67 

 
 = tan1    45
 9.64 
The shell lands with a velocity of 14 m/s at an angle of 45 below the horizontal.

PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 1.4 STA: FM1.03