DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN ENGLISH 10

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to;
Explain the literary devices used (EN10LT-IV-B-2.2.2)
 Define figure of speech and its types;
 Explain the importance of figure of speech in your writing; and
 Construct a sentence using the different types of figure of speech.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

Topic: Figure of Speech
Reference/s: Celebrating Diversity Through World Literature; pp. 382
Materials: Visual Aid, Pictures, Laptop

III. PROCEDURE
TEACHER`S ACTIVITY STUDENT`S ACTIVITY
A. Preliminary Activities

Greetings
Good morning class!

Before we start will someone lead the prayer? (One student will lead the prayer.)

Before you take your seat, kindly pick up the

pieces of paper and arrange the chair
properly.

You may now take your seat.

Thank you, Ma`am!
Again, good morning class
So, how are you today? Good morning ma`am.
We are pretty good Ma`am.
Alright! So, are you excited to what we are Yes, we are!
going to learn today?

That`s absolutely great!

Before we start, can you recall something Last meeting, our lesson was about persuasive
about our lesson last meeting, Marivic? essay.
Very good!

Let`s have an activity

B. MOTIVATION
I will show you a picture and you will play Student will do the activity
the game called “2 pics and 1 phrase”.

Cloud 9

Piece of Cake

Butterflies in my stomach
What have you noticed in our game?

So, what does it mean?

Break a Leg

Very good!

Our topic for today is about figure of speech.

C. PRESENTATION OF THE LESSON

Since, you are done with your activity, let us
now proceed to our lesson.

Writing is a craft. If you think of yourself as a Speaking of the Devil

craftsperson, then words are your raw
materials and figure of speech is one of the
tools.

Anyone can read the definition of figure of

speech.

A figure of speech is tayutay in Filipino.

It is a word or phrase that is used in a non-

literal way to create an effect. This effect may Those pictures can be interpreted in literal and
be rhetorical as in the deliberate arrangement / or figurative language.
of words to achieve something poetic, or
imagery as in the use of language to suggest a Literal language means exactly what it says
visual picture or make an idea more vivid. while figurative language means it is more
Overall, figures of speech function as literary elaborated than the literal language.
devices because of their expressive use of
language. Words are used in other ways than
their literal meanings or typical manner of
application.

There are 16 types of figure of speech but for

today, I will discuss only the 8 types.

Let`s start.

Jim is as tall as a giraffe.

What is being compared in the sentence?

Very good! In this sentence, it compares two
different things, Jim and a giraffe due to their A figure of speech is a creative use of
height and it uses the word as. language to generate an effect.
This sentence is an example of simile.

Anyone can read the definition of simile.

In the given example, simile makes the

sentence more interesting and creates an
image in the reader`s mind than just simply
saying Jim is tall.

Simile is pagtutulad in Filipino.

“She swam like a fish,” is another example of

simile.

What is the word used to compare the

pronoun she and the fish in the sentence?

Again, simile compares two different things

due to their common characteristic that both
can swim very well.

Remember that simile is a figure of speech. Jim and a giraffe.

This means that it shouldn`t be taken literally
as the words in the sentence convey a
different meaning. Lastly, remember that
simile always includes the words like and / or
as.

The second type of figure of speech is Simile is a figure of speech in which

metaphor. comparison is made between two unlike
Please read the definition. objects using words “like and “as”

Metaphor is pagwawangis in Filipino.

Remember that we can also use other forms

of the verb to be for example, am, are, was,
and were.

Example: Jim is a giraffe.

This doesn`t literally mean that Jim is a
giraffe instead, this metaphor compares two It uses the word like.
different things, their being compared due to
their common characteristic which is their
height. So, essentially, I`m saying that Jim is
very tall.

Please read the other example.

What are the things that are being compared
in the sentence?

It was compared due to their common

characteristic which are both has highs and
lows.

Remember that metaphor is a figure of

speech. This means that it shouldn`t be taken A metaphor compares two different things.
literally as the words in the sentence convey a This includes objects, ideas, feelings or
different meaning. thoughts.

The water splashed when I Jumped into it.

What is the emphasis on the sound that the

water makes?

Very good! This is what you called

onomatopoeia.

Anyone can read the definition of

onomatopoeia.

Onomatopoeia is paghihimig in Filipino.

Another example is, “The lion roared loudly.”

Life is a rollercoaster.
The onomatopoeia is roared. Life and a rollercoaster.
This emphasizes the sound the lion makes.

Another example is, “The ballon popped.”

What do you think is the onomatopoeia in this

example?
Very good!

My alarm clock yells at me to get out of bed

every morning.

Do you think it has a mouth to yell like a

person? Splashed.

Yes, that`s right! In the given example, it

gives more effect than simply saying, “I get
out of bed every morning when my alarm
clock rings.”
Onomatopoeia is a word that sounds like what
This is an example of personification. it describes. It`s a language technique used to
make writing more interesting and helps the
Read the definition of personification. reader to hear the sounds in their mind.

Personification is a figure of speech in which

ideas, animals, things and other inanimate
objects are represented as having human
qualities. That is the objects are treated as
though they are capable of doing what people
can do.

Another example is,

“Lightning danced across the sky.” The onomatopoeia in this sentence is popped,
it emphasizes the sound that the balloon
Why do you think it is an example of a makes.
personification?

Very good!

This bag weighs a ton.

Do you think a bag can really weigh a ton? No, Ma`am.

That`s right! Because a ton weighs 1,000

kilograms or equivalent to 2, 000 pounds.

What did you observe in the given example?

That`s correct! It uses exaggeration instead of

saying that the bag is heavy. And this is an
example of hyperbole.
Personification is inanimate objects having
Now, let`s have hyperbole. human qualities.
Anyone read the definition.

A hyperbole is pagmamalabis in Filipino.

Another example is, “She was so happy, her

smile was a mile wide.”

What do you think that this is an example of

hyperbole?

Very good! A mile is around 1.6 kilometer. It is an example of a personification because

lightning here is given a human quality, its
Please give another example. ability to dance.

That`s right!
The next type is alliteration.

Here is an example of alliteration.

No, Ma`am.
The sly snake slithers slowly in the sand.

What do you think is the repeated sound in

the sentence?
It describes the weight of a bag in an
Very good! exaggerated way.

Alliteration is used to make writing more

interesting for the reader, usually in poets. It
also creates a rhythm and sets the mood. It`s
important to note that repeated sound have a Hyperbole uses exaggeration to create a
different effect from the reader. strong effect. It`s like describing someone or
something in an extra way.
The chair is pretty ugly.

What are the opposite words in the sentence?

This is an example of oxymoron.

It describes a wide smile in exaggerated way.
What is oxymoron? Please read the definition.

Oxymoron used to interest the reader and

causes to pay attention to what they`re
reading. It also adds some playfulness in the I`m so hungry, I could eat a horse.
sentence.
Another example is, “Alex is seriously Alliteration is the repetition of the same letter
funny.” or sound at the beginning of words.

Why do you think it is an example of

oxymoron?

Very good! The repeated a sounds in the sentence

suggests snake quality, such as the movement
Remember that oxymoron is a figures of of it.
speech, it means that it shouldn`t be taken
literally as the words in the sentence convey a
different meaning.

And the last type of figure of speech is

allusion.

Anyone read the definition of allusion.

The example of allusion is Achilles` hell. In this sentence, pretty and ugly are opposites.
As you all know, Achilles was a mythical
figure who was completely invincible except
in his heel. When we refer to a person`s
`Achilles` heel` we are talking about their Oxymoron is a sentence or phrase with two
weaknesses. opposite or contradicting words.
Example:
I`ve been doing really well on my diet, but
chocolate is my Achilles` heel.

That would be all. Did you understand class

the 8 different types of figure of speech?

APPLICATION Because serious and funny are opposites.

I will group the class into two groups. Each
group will identify the figure of speech used
in the poem.

“Friendship”
By Emma Guest

A friend is like a flower,

A rose to be exact,
Or maybe like a brand new gate
That never comes unlatched.
Allusion is a reference to a historical figure of
A friend is like an owl, significance and it is often used to state
Both beautiful and wise, complex ideas in a simple ways.
Or perhaps a friend is like a ghost,
Whose spirit never dies.

A friend is like a heart that goes strong until

the end.
Where would we be in this world
If we didn`t have a friend.

Yes, Ma`am.

GENERALIZATION

What is figure of speech?

What are the different types of figure of

speech that was discussed earlier?
“Friendship”
By Emma Guest

EVALUATION A simile in this poem is when the author

Answer the following questions. wrote “ A friend is like an flower,’ and “A
friend is like an owl,”
A. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
The alliteration in this poem is when it said
1. It is more elaborated than literal language. “is like a. “You might hear/read this in the
A. Figurative Language poem a couple of times.
B. Literal Language
C. Figure of Speech

2. It is a creative use of language to generate

an effect.
A. Figurative Language
B. Literal Language
C. Figure of Speech

3. It is a comparison made between two

unlike objects using words “Like” and “as.”
A. Metaphor
B. Simile A figure of speech is a creative use of
C. Onomatopoeia language to generate an effect.

4. It compares two different things, This The different types of figure of speech are
includes objects, ideas, feelings, or thoughts. simile, metaphor, onomatopoeia,
A. Metaphor personification, hyperbole, alliteration,
B. Simile oxymoron and allusion.
C. Onomatopoeia

5. It uses exaggeration to create a strong

effect, it`s like describing someone or
something in an extra way.
A. Onomatopoeia
B. Alliteration
C. Hyperbole

6. It is a word that sounds like what it

describes. 1. A
A. Onomatopoeia
B. Alliteration
C. Oxymoron

7. It is an inanimate object having human

qualities. 2. C
A. Alliteration
B. Personification
C. Allusion

8. It is the repetition of the same letter or 3. B

sound at the beginning of words.
A. Alliteration
B. Oxymoron
C. Allusion

9. It is a reference to a historical figure of 4. A

significance and it is often used to state
complex ideas in simple ways.
A. Alliteration
B. Oxymoron
C. Allusion
5. C
10. It is a sentence or phrase with two
opposite or contradicting words.
A. Simile
B. Oxymoron
C. Personification
B. Explain the importance of figure of speech 6. A
in your writing. (10 points)

Rubrics:
Content and relevance to the topic 5
Grammar and spelling 3
Neatness 2 7. B
TOTAL: 10

8. A

9. C

10. B

Students answer may vary.

F. ASSIGNMENT
1. Write at least 2 examples of sentences using the 8 different types of figure of speech: simile,
metaphor, onomatopoeia, personification, hyperbole, alliteration, oxymoron and allusion.
2. Study the 8 other types of figure of speech: allegory, irony, metonymy, paradox, litotes,
analogy, caesura, and dues ex machina.
Prepare by
CASSANDRA MAE DELA CRUZ
Teacher Intern

Noted by
MR. EROLD TARVINA
Cooperating Teacher