MOM II - Examples of applications

Example 1.

The problem is to determine the main geometrical elements of the cylindrical gearbox with inclined
teeth presented in the next figure for which we know: the axial distance a = 125 mm; the sum of the
number of teeth zΣ = 99; gear ratio u12 = 3,5; the modulus mn = 2,5 mm; the coefficient Ψa = 0,3. The
teeth are with normal height and the gear is an unshifted one.

Solution:

The angle of teeth inclination:

m n  z  2,5  99
 = arccos = = 8,1090 = 806'34"
2a 2 125

Number of teeth of the pinion and the driven

wheel:

z 99
z1 = = = 22 teeth
u12 + 1 3,5 + 1

z 2 = z  − z1 = u12  z1 = 3,5  22 = 77 teeth

Wheels diameters:

m n  z1 2,5  22
d1 = = = 55,555 mm
cos  cos 8,1090
m z 2,5  77
d2 = n 2 = = 194,444 mm
cos  cos 8,1090

d a1 = d1 + 2m n = 55,555 + 2  2,5 = 60,555 mm

d a 2 = d 2 + 2m n = 194,444 + 2  2,5 = 199,444 mm

d f 1 = d1 − 2,5m n = 55,555 − 2,5  2,5 = 49,305 mm

d f 2 = d 2 − 2,5m n = 194,444 − 2,5  2,5 = 188,194 mm

The width of the wheels:

b 2 =  a  a w = 0,3  125 = 37,5  38 mm

b1 = b 2 + (0,5...1,5)  m n = 38 + 2 = 40 mm
Example 2.

In the case of a reducer with two steps presented in the next figure, the following input data are known:
P1 = 2,5 kW; n1 = 1500 min-1; mn 3,4=3,5 mm; z3 = 24; β = 120; u12 = 2,8; η12 = η34 = 0,97; ηrul = 0,99. The
gears are unshifted gears.

The calculation of the forces Ft3, Fr3, Fa3 is required, and the specification of the teeth inclination (left
or right) for the z2 and z3 wheels in such a way, the forces Fa2 and Fa3 to be in opposite directions.

Solution:

The torque moments on the first two shafts are:

P1 2,5
TI = 9550  = 9550  = 15,916 Nm
n1 1500

TII = TI  u12  12  rul = 15,916  2,8  0,97  0,99 = 42,7 Nm

The pitch diameter of the pinion 3 is:

m n  z 3 3,5  24
d3 = = = 85,876 mm
cos  cos 120

The tangential, radial, and axial forces for the pinion 3 are:

2TII 2  42700
Ft3 = = = 986,701 N
d3 85,876

Fr 3 = Ft 3  tg t = 986,701 tg 20,410 = 367,151 N

Fa 3 = Ft 3  tg = 986,701 tg120 = 209,729 N

where:

tg n tg 200
 t = arctg = arctg = 20,410
cos  cos12 0

To obtain a opposite directions of the axial forces Fa2 and Fa3 the inclinations direction of the teeth of
the wheels z2 and z3 must be the same.

Example 3.

The efficiency and the forces in a worm gear are required to be calculated if we know the following: P1=
2,02 kW, ω1 = 100 s-1, mx = 3 mm, q = 12, z1 = 2starts, μ’ = 0,03.

Solution:

The torque moment on the worm shaft is:

P1 2020
T1 = = = 20,2 Nm
1 100

The apparent friction angle is:

' = arctg ' = arctg 0,03 = 1,7180 = 1043' 6"

The helix angle of the worm is:

z1 2
 = arctg = arctg = 9,4620 = 90 27' 44"
q 12

The efficiency of the worm gear is:

tg tg 9, 4620
= = = 0,843
(
tg (  +  ') tg 9, 4620 + 1,7180 )
The pitch diameter of the worm can be determined as:

d1 = mx  q = 3 12 = 36 mm

The tangential force of the worm, the axial force of the worm wheel, respectively, are:
2T1 2  20200
Ft1 = Fa 2 = = = 1122,222 N
d1 36

The tangential force of the worm wheel which is equal with the axial force of the worm is:
Ft1 1122, 222
Ft 2 = Fa1 = = = 5677,683 N
(
tg (  +  ') tg 9, 4620 + 1,7180)
Radial forces of the worm and the worm wheel are:

Fr1 = Fr 2 = Ft 2  tg t = 5677,683  tg 20,2530 = 2095,008 N ,.

where:

tg n tg 200
 t = arctg = arctg = 20,2530 = 20015' 12" .
cos  cos 9,462 0

The forces on the worm and the worm wheel are represented in the next figure:

d2
Fr2

Ft2 Fa2
d1

Ft1 Fa1

Fr1

Example 4.

On a shaft with circular section is assembled a wheel with 1 2

the weight G = 12 kN which transmit a power P = 50 kW,
for a rotational speed n = 955 min-1.
The dimensioning of the shaft is required if we know G

ai = 50 MPa, and the distance a = 250 mm. a 2a

Solution:

The reaction forces on the supports are:

2 2
R1  3a − G  2a = 0  R1 =  G =  12000 = 8000 N
3 3

G 12000
R 2  3a − G  a = 0  R1 = = = 4000 N
3 3

The bending moment on the wheel section of shaft is:

M i max = R 1  a = 8000  250 = 2  106 Nmm

The torque moments transmitted by the shaft is:

P 50
T = 9550  = 9550  = 500 Nm
n 955

The maximum equivalent moment:

M ech = Mi2max + T 2 = ( 2 10 ) + (500 10 )

6 2 3 2
= 2061552,813 Nmm

The shaft diameter based on the composed stress can be calculated as:

32  M ech 3 32  2061552,813
d 3 = = 74,899  75 mm.
  ai   50

Example 5.

The output shaft from a helical reduces is loaded as in the next figure. There are known: torque moment
T2 = 463 Nm, working pitch diameter d 2 = 300 mm, teeth inclination angle  = 12 o , the shaft material has

ai = 45 MPa, the distance a = 47 mm.

The verification of the composed stress of the shaft is required if we know that dc = 60 mm.
RA RB
Fa
HA HB
Ft

d2/2
Fr
VA
VB
A C B
a a

MFa,r

MFt

Solution:

The forces from helical gear are:

2  T2 2  463  103
Ft = = = 3086,666  3087 N
d2 300

tg 20o
Fr = Ft  tg t = 3087  = 1168,855  1169 N
cos 16o

Fa = Ft  tg = 3087  tg160 = 885183  885 N

The reaction forces from the A and B supports in vertical and horizontal planes are:

Ft 3087
VA = VB = = = 1543,5 N
2 2

d2 300
Fr  a − Fa  1169  47 − 885 
HA = 2 = 2 = −827,734 N
2a 2  47
d2 300
Fr  a + Fa  1169  47 + 885 
HB = 2 = 2 = 1996,734 N
2a 2  47

The bending moments in the section C of the shaft are:

MC H stg = HA ⋅ a = −827,734 ⋅ 47 = −38903,498 Nmm

MC H dr = HB ⋅ a = 1996,734 ⋅ 47 = 93846,498 Nmm

MC V = VA ⋅ a = 1543,5 ⋅ 47 = 72544,5 Nmm

The resulting bending moment and the equivalent one in the section C of the shaft can be calculated
as:

Mi rez = √MC2 V + MC2 H dr = √72544,52 + 93846,4982 = 118616,481 Nmm

M ech = Mi2rez + T 2 = 118616,4812 + 463000 2 = 477952,79 Nmm

We know the shaft diameter in the C section d c = 60 mm. The effective stresses in this section are:

32  M ech 32  477952,79
i = = = 22,538 MPa
  d13   603

16  T2 16  463000
t = = = 10,916 MPa
  d13   603

The equivalent stress in this section is:

ech = i2 + 42t = 22,5382 + 4  10,9162 = 31,378MPa  ai = 45 MPa.

Example 6.

The output shaft of a spur gear presented in the next figure must transmit a power P2 = 85,5 kW, and a
rotational speed n 2 = 400 min −1 . The pitch diameter of the driven wheel is d 2 = 400 mm. The shaft is
assembled on two bearings series 6212 (C= 37500 N), with mutual guidance.

The lifetime of the bearings is required to be determined.

Ft2
A Fr2 B

d2/2
VA VB
HA HB
a a

Solution:

The tangential and radial forces acting on the wheels are:

2T2 2  9550000  P2 2  9550000  85,5

Ft 2 = = = = 10206,56 N
d2 d2  n2 400  400

Fr 2 = Ft 2  tg = 10206,56  tg20o = 3714,884 N

The reaction forces on the supports are:

Ft 2 10206,56
VA = VB = = = 5103,28 N
2 2

Fr 2 3714,884
HA = HB = = = 1857,442 N
2 2

The resulting reactions are:

R A = R B = H 2A + VA2 = 1857,442 2 + 5103,282 = 5430,797 N

The equivalent dynamic load acting on the bearings are:

PA = PB = R = 5430,797 N

The effective durability of the bearings will be:

p 3
106 C 106  37500 
Lh =   =   = 13718,033 ore.
60  n 2 P 60  400  5430,797 
Example 7.

The output shaft of reducer with spur gear is supported by two radial bearings with mutual guidance
(as presented in the next figure).

To choose the adequate bearings is request if there are know the followings:

- The tangential force of the wheel is Ft = 10200 N;

- The angular velocity  = 49,2 s −1 ;
- The imposed durability Lh = 10000 hours;
- The operating factor fs = 1,2.
115 230

A B
0
φ65
φ80

Solution:

The radial force of the wheel is:

Fr = Ft  tg = 10200  tg 20o = 3712,496 N

The reaction forces on supports are:

230 230
HA =  Fr =  3712,496 = 2474,997 N
345 345

115 115
HB =  Fr =  3712,496 = 1237,498 N
345 345

230 230
VA =  Ft = 10200 = 68000 N
345 345
115 115
VB =  Ft = 10200 = 3400 N
345 345

The resulting reactions on the supports:

R A = H 2A + VA2 = 2474,997 2 + 6800 2 = 7236,408 N

R B = H 2B + VB2 = 1237,4982 + 3400 2 = 3618,204 N

The maximum dynamic equivalent load and the needed basic dynamic load rating C for the A bearing
will be:

PAc = fs  R A = 1,2  7236,408 = 8683,689 N

1/p 1/3
 60  L h 30     60  10000 30  49, 2 
= PAc    = 8683,689     = 56947,33 N.
 
CA nec
 10
6
 10
6
 

Because the diameter of the end of shaft is  65 mm a bearing with the internal diameter of d = 70 mm,
series 6314, can be chosen with a capacity of C = 81850 N  CA nec.

Example 8.

The input shaft from a bevel reducer is supported by two radial-axial bearings with tapered rollers as
presented in the next figure.

To choose the bearings is request if there are known: the power P = 4,5 kW; angular velocity of bevel
pinion  = 100 s-1; modulus mm = 3,53; number of teeth z1 = 20; imposed durability Lh = 10000 hours;
operating factor fs = 1,15.

Solution:

The forces on the bevel pinion are:

2P 2  4500
Ft dm = = = 1274,787 N
 m m  z1 100  20  3,53

Fa = Ft dm  tg   sin 1 = 1274,787  tg200  sin 300 = 231,992 N

Fr = Ft dm  tg   cos 1 = 1274,787  tg200  cos30 0 = 401,822 N

Ftdm

Fa

δ1=30°
Fr
2

d = 40
1

L=80 a=40

H2
2 1
Fa2’ V1
Fa1’ Fa
V2
H1

The reaction forces on supports in vertical and horizontal planes are:

V1 = Ft dm 
( a + L ) = 1274,787  (40 + 80) = 1912,18 N
L 80

a 40
V2 = Ft dm  = 1274,787  = 637,393 N
L 80

dm 1 3,53  20
Fr  ( a + L ) − Fa  401,822  ( 40 + 80 ) − 231,992 
H1 = 2 = 2 = 500,366 N
L 80

dm 1 3,53  20
Fr  a − Fa   401,822  40 − 231,992 
H2 = 2 = 2 = 98,544 N
L 80

The resulting radial reactions on supports are:

R1 = H12 + V12 = 500,3662 + 1912,182 = 1976,562 N

R 2 = H 22 + V22 = 98,5442 + 637,3932 = 644,965 N

For the radial-axial bearings with tapered rollers and the diameter of d = 40 mm there are: e = 0,37, X
= 0,40, Y = 1,6.

The internal axial forces on the bearings are:

R1 1976,562
Fa' 1 = 0,5  = 0,5  = 617,675 N
Y 1,6

R2 644,965
Fa' 2 = 0,5  = 0,5  = 201,551 N
Y 1,6

The total axial forces taken over by the bearings are:

Fa 1 = Fa' 1 = 617,675 N

Fa 2 = Fa' 1 − Fa = 617,675 − 231,992 = 385,683 N

The corrected equivalent dynamic loads are:

P1 c = fs  R1 = 1,15 1976,562 = 2273,046 N

P2 c = f s  ( X  R 2 + Y  Fa 2 ) = 1,15  ( 0, 40  644,965 + 1,6  385,683 ) = 1006,34 N

Fa' 1 Fa 2 385,683
where: tg1 =  e; tg2 = = = 0,556  e
R1 R2 644,965

The required durability of bearings is:

60  n  Lh 60  955, 414 10000

L= = = 573, 248 mil.rot
106 106

where:

30   30 100
n= = = 955, 414 min −1
 

And, the basic dynamic load rating of bearings:

C1 nec = P1 c  L1/ p = 2273,046  573, 2483/10 = 15279,568 N

C 2 nec = P2 c  L1/ p = 1006,34  573, 2483/10 = 6764,683 N

For a diameter of the shaft of d = 40 mm, bearings with the series 32008 with the basic dynamic load
rating C = 45500  C1,2 nec are chosen.