MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila

CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City

Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-6697 (Cebu)

Review MODULE – Plane & Solid Geometry

PLANE GEOMETRY (Key Points) CIRCLES
Circumference (or perimeter),
GENERAL POLYGON (N-SIDES) 𝑪 = 𝟐𝝅𝒓 = 𝝅𝒅
Sum of the interior angles S = 180(n-2) degrees
𝒏(𝒏 − 𝟑)⁄ Area,
Number of Diagonals 𝒅 = 𝟐 𝑨 = 𝝅𝒓𝟐 = 𝟏⁄𝟒 𝝅𝑫𝟐
Regular Polygons (equal sides and equal interior angles)

TRIANGLES (n=3) Theorems on Circles

Perimeter, P = a + b + c Central Angle Theorem Thales’ Theorem
Semi perimeter, s = P/2

Given all sides: Heron’s Formula

ϴ
𝑨 = √𝒔 (𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄); 𝒔 = 𝑷⁄𝟐

Given two sides and an included angle:

𝑨 = 𝟏⁄𝟐 𝒂𝒃 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽

Given a side and a perpendicular distance from the opposite vertex: 𝜃 = 2𝛼

𝑨 = 𝟏⁄𝟐 𝒃𝒉
Power Theorem
Cross-Chord Theorem

Lines Of The Triangle

D
Medians: Centroid B
Angle Bisector: Incenter A
𝐴𝐵 𝑥 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐴𝐷 𝑥 𝐴𝐸
A
Altitude: Orthocenter
Perpendicular Bisectors: Circumcenter
E C
Radius of an inscribed circle, Secant-Secant Theorem
𝒓𝒊 = 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂⁄𝒔

Radius of a circumscribing circle:

𝒂𝒃𝒄 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
𝒓𝒄 = = = =
𝟒𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑪 𝐴𝐵 𝑥 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐴𝐷 𝑥 𝐴𝐸
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂
Radius of an escribed circle: 𝒓 =
(𝒔−𝒂)

Secant-Tangent: 𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐸 𝑥 𝐴𝐷
QUADRILATERALS (n=4)

General Quadrilaterals
𝑷 = 𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 + 𝒅
(𝐴𝐵)2 = 𝐴𝐷 𝑥 𝐴𝐸
Given the lengths of diagonals and the angle between them:
𝟏
𝑨 = 𝑫𝟏 𝑫𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝟐

Given all sides and sum of opposite angles(E): SAMPLE PROBLEMS:

𝑬 𝟐 General Polygons
𝑨 = √(𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)(𝒔 − 𝒅) − 𝒂𝒃𝒄𝒅 (𝐜𝐨𝐬 )
𝟐
Situation:
Cyclic Quadrilaterals A circle is inscribed in a regular polygon whose sum of its interior angles equal
to 540 degrees. If the radius of the circle is 5m,
Sum of opposite angles, E = 180 degrees (a) find the area between the circle and the polygon.
(b) Find the area of the circle that circumscribes the polygon
Area,
𝑨 = √(𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)(𝒔 − 𝒅) Triangles
Ptolemy’s Theorem, A triangle has its two sides 6 m and 20 m. The perimeter may be
𝒂𝒄 + 𝒃𝒅 = 𝑫𝟏 𝑫𝟐 a.) 54 c.) 51
b.) 53 d.) 52
Radius of the circumscribing circle:
√(𝒂𝒃 + 𝒄𝒅)(𝒂𝒄 + 𝒃𝒅)(𝒂𝒅 + 𝒃𝒄) Situation:
𝒓𝒄 =
𝟒 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 Given a triangle ABC with sides AB= 25 cm, BC=30cm and AC=42 cm. Find the
following:
a. Distance of the point of intersection of the angle bisector from the vertex C
b. Distance of the point of intersection of perpendicular bisectors to side BC.
c. Area of the excircle to side AB.
MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-6697 (Cebu)

Quadrilaterals

1. The sides of a quadrilateral are 10m, 8m, 16m and 20m, respectively. Two
opposite interior angles have a sum of 225degrees. Find the area of the
quadrilateral in sq.m.

2. A quadrilateral ABCD is inscribed in a semicircle with side AD coinciding with

the diameter of the circle. Side AB=8cm, BC=10cm, and CD=12cm. Determine
the diameter of the circle, length of the diagonal BD and area of the quadrilateral.

Circles

1. A goat is tied outside a triangular fenced garden at point A. Sides of the

fence are AB=7m, BC = 11m and CA = 13 m. The length of the rope which the
goat is tied is 15m, find the area over which the goat can graze outside the
fence.

2. A road is tangent to a circular lake. Along the road and 12miles from the point
of tangency, another road opens towards the lake. From the intersection of the
two roads to the periphery of the lake, the length of the new road is 11miles. If
the new road will be prolonged across the lake, find the length of the bridge to be
constructed.

3. In the figure shown, EA = 20 cm, AC = 15 cm, BD = 18 cm, and Angle CED =

20 degrees.
Determine the following:
a. The length of segment ED
b. Find the area of quadrilateral ACBD.
c. Radius of the circumscribing circle

C
A

B
D
MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
o
Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-6697 (Cebu)

Review MODULE – Solid Geometry

SIMILAR SOLIDS
𝑺𝟏 𝑷𝟏 𝑨𝟏 𝟏/𝟐 𝑽𝟏 𝟏/𝟑 SOLIDS WITH SIMILAR CROSS-SECTION
= =( ) =( )
𝑺𝟐 𝑷𝟐 𝑨𝟐 𝑽𝟐
Examples:
Cone or Frustum of a Cone
Pyramid or Frustum of a Pyramid
SITUATION. The diameter of a sphere increases by 30 percent. Sphere or Frustum of a Sphere
1. Find the ratio of the surface area and the ratio of the volume of the two Volume (General Prismoidal Formula):
𝐿
spheres. 𝑉 = (𝐴1 + 4𝐴𝑚 + 𝐴2 )
6
2. Find the percentage change in the volume.

3. A prototype of a machine weighing 100 N is to be designed by an 9. A solid has a circular base of diameter 18cm. Find the volume of the solid
engineering student at a scale of 1:50. Assuming the same type of material if every cutting plane perpendicular to the base along a given diameter is
is being used, determine the weight of the real machine. an equilateral triangle.

SITUATION. A sphere whose surface area is 100π cm2

POLYHEDRONS 10. Calculate the volume of the sphere.
- A three-dimension figure composed of flat polygonal faces, 11. Calculate the volume and the total surface area of the spherical wedge if it
straight edges, and sharp corners (vertices). has a subtended angle of 60°.
12. Calculate the volume of the smaller solid formed if a cutting plane is passed
2 cm from the center.
13. If two parallel cutting planes are passed through the sphere (within the
same hemisphere), such that they are 1 cm and 2 cm from the center of the
circle, determine the volume between the two planes.
14. Determine the area of the zone for the previous item.

PLATONIC SOLIDS
Polyhedra Vertices Faces Edges Sides Volume
Cube 8 6 12 Square 𝑒3
Tetrahedron 4 4 6 Triangle 0.118𝑒 3
Octahedron 6 8 12 Triangle 0.471𝑒 3
Dodecahedron 20 12 30 Pentagon 7.663𝑒 3
Icosahedron 12 20 30 Triangle 2.182𝑒 3

4. [CE Board May 2015] Find the volume of a regular tetrahedron with an
edge of 3 m.

5. [CE Board April 2023] A polyhedron has faces and vertices equal to 8 and
13, respectively. Solve for the number of edges.

SOLIDS WITH CONSTANT CROSS-SECTION

Examples:
Polygonal Prism
Right and Inclined Prism
Truncated Prism
Volume:
𝑉 = 𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑥 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ

6. [CE Board Nov. 2015]. A truncated prism has a horizontal base ABC. AB=
30 cm, BC= 40 cm and CA= 50 cm. The vertical edges through A and C are
18 cm and 27 cm long. If the volume of the prism is 13800 cm3, determine
the height of the vertical edge at B.

SITUATION. A prism has a base in the shape of a hexagon with each side
measuring 10 cm. The bases are 15 cm apart.
7. What is the volume of the right prism?
8. What is the lateral surface area of the prism?