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51 viewsChapter 7 - Trigonometry and Modelling P2
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semirah anthonyCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Trigonometry and Modelling (Chapter 7)
peer un RUg LTS Ur a ce
sin(a + b) = sinacosb + cosasinb “solve, for 0 < x < 2m, the equation
2tan2y tany =3
giving your solutions to 3sf”
Een 4:: Modell
acosx + bsinx “The sea depth of the tide at a beach can be
“Find the maximum value of
2 sin x + cos x and the value of x
for which this maximum occurs.”
modelled by x = Rsin (= + a), where t is
the hours after midnight.
Addition Formulae
Addition Formulae allow us to deal with a sunt or difference
of angles.
sin(A + B) = sinAcosB + cosAsinB
sin(A — B) = sinAcosB-—cosAsinB
cos(A + B) = cosAcos B — sinAsinB
cos(A — B) = cosAcosB + sinAsinB
tan(A +B) = tanA + tanB
i ~ 1=tanAtanB
tan A—tanB
tan(A-B
1+tanAtanB
Trigonometric identities
sin(4 & B)= sin A cosB + cos A sinB
cos(A +B) = cos cosB F sin sinB
How it looks in the formula book
tan A+ tan B
a AtanB
fan(A + B)
tan(d + 8) =
(2 Be(k+})Proof of sin(A + B)
(Not needed for exam)
sinAcosB + cosAsinB
2: We can achieve this by | 3: Then we're looking for
forming two right-angled | the combined length of
4: Suppose we had a line
rang these two lines.
of length 1 projected an a
angle of A +B above the
horizontal y
sagt 4: We can get the lengths
Pee) of the top triangle.
It would seem sensible to
try and find this same
length in terms of A and
B individually.
cosA sinB
5: Which in turn allows
us to find the green and
blue lengths.
6: Hence sin(A + 2) =
sin Acos B + cos sin B
a
sin A cosB.
Why is sin(A + B) not just sin(A) + sin(B)?
Because sin is a function, not a quantity that can be expanded
out like this. It’s a bit like how (a + b)? # a? + b?.
We can easily disprove it with a counterexample.Now can you reproduce them without peeking at your notes?
sin(A + B) First notice that for all
of these the first thing
sin(A— B) on the RHS is the
same as the fist thing
cos(A + B)= on the LHS!
cos(A — B) * For sin, the operator in
the middle is the same as
on the LHS.
tan(A4 +B) = * For cos, it’s the opposite.
* For tan, it’s the same in
the numerator, opposite
tan(A— B) = in the denominator.
* For sin, we mix sin and
cos.
+ For cos, we keep the cos's
and sin’s together.
| Express the following as a single sine, cosine or tangent: |
| cos 110%cos15° — sin15°sin110° sin 5x cos2x —cosSx sin2x |
sin 20°cos35° + cos20°sin35° sin 10°sin15° — cos10°cos15°- 1
tan50 +tanz@
Z ef
1—tan76 tang@
Sm T
tanyy tang
a3
1+ tanyz tang
Ex 7A Q5-9
Ex 7B Q2
Proof of tan identities
Edexcel C3 Jan 2012 Q8
(a) Starting from the formulae for sin(4+B) and cos(A+B), prove that
tan A+tan B
tan(4+B)= Tr in tan B
@Given that 2 sin(x + y) = 3 cos(x — y) express tanx in terms of tany. |
Calculate the exact value of tan x if
tan(x + 60) =5
Ex 7A Q11-15Uses of Addition Formulae
Using a suitable angle formulae, show that sin 15° =
Given that sin A = —Zand 180° < A < 270°, and that cos B = -2 find the
value of: (a) cos(A — B) (b) tan(A + B)Your Turn
Without using a calculator, determine the exact value of:
a) cos(75°)
b)_tan(75°)
Challenging question
2 cos (x + SO)? = sin (x + 40)2.
@ Show, without using a calculator, that
tan. = £ tan 40°
Ex7B
Q4-10Double Angle Formulae
Double-angle formulae allow you to halve the angle within a trig function.
& sin(2A) = 2sinAcosA
COs(2A) = cose A cine A tecenecuaes
2cos?A-1 “1 hiss raced wihecovonthe
Lis eras the sins ped away
=1-2sin?A
2tanA
tan(2A) = nea
These are all easily derivable by just setting A = B in the compound
angle formulae. e.g.
sin(2A) = sin(A + A)
= sinAcosA + cosAsin A
= 2sinAcosA
Use the double-angle formulae to write each of the following as a single
trigonometric ratio.
a) cos? 50° — sin? 50°
sin 2x = 2 sinx cosx
cos 2x = cos? x — sin? x
2cos? x —1
4sin 70" 1-2sin?x
) Sec70° 2tanx
tan 2x
= tan? xUse the double-angle formulae to write each of the following as a single
trigonometric ratio.
sin 2x = 2sinx cosx
d) Voos2x #1 cos 2x = cos? x — sin? x
2cos?x—1
e) sin? x cos? x =1-2sin?x
2tanx
tan 2x =
1 = tan? x
# Bcosxsinx cos 2x
8) 1-4sin? x +4sin* xGiven that x
3sin0 and y = 3 — 4cos20, eliminate 0
and express y in terms of x.
Given that cos x = 3 and x is acute, find the exact value of
(a) sin 2x
(b) tan 2x
"Note: This question is an example
of turning a set of parametric
equations into a single Cartesian
cone. You will cover this in the next
chapter
Ex7C
Q4-19Solving Trigonometric Equations
Using the Addition Formulae
| Solve 4 cos(x — 30) = 8V2 sin x for 0 < x < 360°.
Using the Double Angle Formulae
Solve 3 cos 2x — cosx +2 = 0 for 0 0 and 0< a<90.
Give the exact value of R and the value of acorrect to 1 decimal place.
a Scosx —12sinx b 4cos 2x + 4sin 2xExpress each of the following in the given form, where R>0 and 0O and 0<@<90,
Give the values of R and acorrect to | decimal place where appropriate.
a cosx® + sinx® b 3cosx°+4sinx®
¢ 2sinx° + cos x° di cos x° + NB sinx®
2 Express each of the following in the given form, where R>0 and 0<@<90.
Give the exact value of R and the value of @correct to 1 decimal place.
a Scosx°-I2sinx°, Reos (x+ a” b 4sinx°+2cosx®, — Rsin(x+ a)”
© sinx°-Teosx°, —-Rsin (x- a)? 8 cos 2x°- 15 sin 2x°, Reos (2x + a?
3 Express each of the following in the given form, where R>0 and 00 and 0< @<90.
b Hence, describe two transformations that would map the graph of y= sin x° onto the graph of
y= 3sinx° 3 cosx°.
6 By first expressing each curve in an appropriate form, sketch each of the following for x in the
interval 0 O and 0<@< 4%.
b Solve the equation V3 cos x—sinx=1 for x in the interval 0 Omnd Oand 0 __
NO = 53216520 ~ 2008207
© Find
(i. the maximum value of N@),
ii) the largest value of 0, in the range 0 <0 <2z, at which the maximum
value of N(9) occurs.
3)
(Solutions based entirely on graphical or numerical methods are not acceptable.)(a) Express 2 sin 0~ 4 cos 0 in the form R sin(0 a), where R and a are constants, R > 0 and
0 O and 0< 0 and 0- Oand 0
