Republic Of The Philippines

Department Of Education

CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BIÑAN CITY

FIRST QUARTER
Worksheet in Philippine Politics and Governance
(Week 2)

MELC: Differentiate the political ideologies.

References: PVOT 4A BOW

 Baradat, L. (2016). Political Ideologies. Miracosta College.USA: Routledge 2 Park

Square, Milton Park, New York. Retrieved from https://idoc.pub

 Ball, M. (2014, May 15). Moderates: Who are they, and what do they want? The Atlantic.
Retrieved from https://theatlantic.com

 Heywood, A. (2017). Political Ideologies. Red Globe Press. Retrieved from

https://macmillanhe.com

 Israel, D. (2019, Feb. 20). Robredo: Removing scholarships from critical students a
curtailment of freedom of expression. Inquirer.net. Retrieved from
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net

 Lopez, V. (2019, Feb. 20). Duterte to students: Support NPAs, lose scholarships. GMA
News. Retrieved from https://gmanetwork.com

 Miessler, D. (2020). The difference between classical liberalism and libertarianism.

Retrived from https://danielmiessler.com

 The political spectrum. (2018). Civix Quebec. Available at

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jfFT71ZHxIU
Reminders: Here are the additional activities for you to understand the lesson further. Write
your answers on your answer sheets.

DEVELOPMENT:

What I Know

Learning Task 1:
A. Activity: Quotation Analysis
Directions: Read and analyze the following quotations and answer the questions below.
“The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth: for kings are not only God’s
Lieutenants upon earth, and sit upon God’s throne, but even by God himself they are called
God’s.”
King James I

“No man has any natural authority over his fellow men.”
Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Questions:
1. How do you interpret the two famous quotations?
2. In what sense do the two quotations share similarities? In what sense do they differ?
3. Which one are you most in favor?

What is in?

B. Activity: Video Review: The political spectrum (CIVIX-Quebec)

Directions: Go to the link and after watching the video, answer the following guide questions:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jfFT71ZHxIU

1. What is the difference between the ideologies of “the left” and “the right”?
2. Is political divide good? Why or why not?
3. Do you think the political spectrum found in Quebec exists in the Philippine setting? Support
your answer.
WHAT IS IT?

What Is Ideology?

“Ideology is the most elusive concept in the whole of the social sciences”.
David Mclellan (1995)
Antoine Destutt Tracy(1754-1836) coined the term Ideology during the French Revolution and
subsequently used in 1796.Ideologie according to Tracy is a new “science of ideas”from a
literal term idea-logy( Heywood,2012). Ideology becomes a political weapon to condemn or
criticize opposing arrays of ideas or belief system. Beliefs –are people’s assessment of reality
and what they hold to be true where as, Values are people’s ideas about right and wrong.
Therefore, when beliefs and values are put together in a coherent system,they form an
ideology
Ideology is a political belief system that embody or articulate class or social interests. It is an
abstract yet systematic set of political ideas.

Heywood (2017) views ideology as a coherent set of ideas that provides the basis for organized
political action, may it be to preserve, modify or overthrow the existing system of power.
According to him, ideologies have the following features:

a. Offer an account of the existing order, usually in the form of a ‘world view’
b. Advance a model of a desired future, a vision of a good ‘society’
c. Explain how political change can and should be brought about – how to get from (a) to
(b)

The Spectrum of Political Attitudes

Understanding the spectrum has to be developed first, before studying specific ideologies. Terms
like radical, liberal, moderate, conservative, and reactionary are some of the common words that
can be associated with political concepts. Arranging these terms on a continuum, i.e. the radical
at the far left while reactionary at the opposite extreme, shall help one to have a graphic
perspective on them (Baradat, 2016).

Radical Liberal Moderate Conservative Reactionary

Figure 1

Modern-day political scientists emphasize the different levels of political attitudes, as each of
this level wants to either preserve or change the status quo.

At the left side of the spectrum are the liberals and the radicals, who are by nature anti-status
quo. They are known for pushing for extreme changes in the political system in order to have a
progressive change in the state.
Found at the middle are the moderates, who have neutral opinion with regard to political matters.
According to Ball (2014), they are not necessarily tuned-out or ill informed, as they just see both
sides of complex issues.

Lastly, at the right side are the reactionaries and the conservatives who oppose in changing the
status quo. Reactionaries on the extreme right are in favor of distributing the wealth and power
unequally based on race, social class, intelligence, or some other criterion.

Political Ideologies and Their Impact on Political Communities

Conservatism
It is a political ideology that desires to conserve that usually reflects on resistance of change. Its
themes mainly centered on tradition, human imperfection, organic society, authority and
property.

Liberalism
A political ideology centered on a commitment to the individual and to the construction of the
society in which individuals can satisfy their interests or achieve fulfillment. Individualism,
rationalism, freedom, justice and toleration are the common core values of liberalism.

Liberalism can further be classified into (Heywood, 2017):

Classical liberalism is anchored on a belief that humans are essentially self-interested

and largely self-sufficient, therefore responsible for their own lives and circumstances. In the
context of economy, classical liberalism extols the merits of a self-regulating market in which
government intervention is seen as both unnecessary and damaging.

Modern liberalism, on the other hand, is more sympathetic towards the state. This is
anchored on a belief that unregulated capitalism produces new forms of injustice. State
intervention, therefore, is necessary in safeguarding individuals from social evils.

Libertarianism
It is anchored on the idea that each individual has rights that no other individual or group of them
may violate. It upholds liberty as a core principle. Classical liberalism and Libertarianism are
almost identical, where both centered on personal freedom. The difference is that Classical
Liberalism was a backclash against theocratic monarchies and oppressive government, whereas
Libertarianism is more of a response to a bloated and overarching government and welfare state
(Miessler, 2020).

Anarchism
It is an ideology centered on a belief that political authority in all its forms, including of the state,
is both evil and unnecessary. State is believed to be evil because the repository of sovereign,
compulsory and coercive authority creates an offence against the principles of freedom and
equality. State, on the other hand, is believed to be unnecessary as natural order can generate
better social harmony than what political order can do. Just like libertarianism, it hopes to create
a society that widens the range of choices available to individuals.

Marxism
It is an ideology originated from the works of 19 th century German Philosophers, Karl Marx and
Friedrich Engels. It primarily examines the effect of capitalism on labor, productivity, and
economic development and argues for a worker revolution to overturn capitalism in favor of
communism.

Socialism
It is an ideology that opposes capitalism and attempts to provide a more humane and socially
worthwhile alternative (Heywood, 2017). The central theme of socialism is a vision of humans as
social creatures united by their common humanity. This could materialize upon reducing or
abolishing class divisions.
Communism- It is an economic, social, and political system seeking government ownership of
the means production and services directed by a process of scientific administration and
universal assent. It is an extreme left-wing ideology, based on the revolutionary socialist
teachings of Karl Marx ,characterized by collective ownership and a planned economy. Thus,
each should work to their capability and will receive according to their needs.
Fascism- is a movement that stands for outmoded, repressive social and political conditions
rejecting democracy, repudiates constitutionalism and stresses that all values arise from the state
against which the individuals has no rights .
Religious Fundamentalism –it is taken from the Latin word fundamental, meaning base. It is
associated with inflexibility, dogmatism, authoritarianism or worst violence. It is characterized
by a rejection of the distinction between politics and religion.
Feminism- Derived from the Latin word Femina meaning women or female,concerned with the
attainment of gender equality in the political,economic and social spheres of life. Its primary
focus is the position of women in the society .
Environmentalism – it is an ideology focusing on the idea that environment is endangered and
must be preserved through regulation and life changes. Its concern is about the natural
environment and particularly about reducing environmental degradation .

Learning Task 2 :
Activity: Venn Diagram
Directions: Using a Venn diagram, compare and contrast the following political concepts:

1. Conservatism and Liberalism

2. Anarchism and Libertarianism
3. Classical Liberalism and Modern Liberalism
4. Marxism and Socialism
ENGAGEMENT:

In the Philippine setting, political conflicts due to different ideologies are evident, be it in local
or national level. In the next activities, you are about to find out how political ideologies in the
Philippines affect different significant aspects of the society, including the youth like you, in the
country.

What’s More?

Learning Task 3 :
Activity: Search and Share:
Directions: Search for the following Filipino activists/politicians. What political ideologies they
are most likely anchored with? Support your answer. Choose only 5 among ten
personalities/politicians/ Representative Party
1. Jose Maria Sison
2. Jose Manuel “Chel” Diokno
3. Atty. Arman Dimaguila
4. Isko Moreno
5. Manny Pacquiao
6. Alan Peter Cayetano
7. Lord Alan Velasco
8. Francis Pangilinan
9. Gina Lopez
10. GABRIELA

Learning Task 4 :
Activity: My Ideology Symbol

Hammer and Sickle (Marxism) Swastika (Nazism)

Directions: Ideologies are often associated with symbols. If you were going to create a symbol
that best represent an ideology, how does it look like? Present your output either through:

1. A manual poster drawn on a short bond paper; or

2. A digital poster using any computer applications.
Please attach an explanation regarding the symbol you have created.

Criteria:
Relevance 40%
Supporting Explanation 30%
Creativity 30%
100%

ASSIMILATION:

What I have learned

Learning Task 5 :
Activity: I can because I am
Different political ideologies often clash not just in the global arena but also in the Philippine
political stage. As a HUMSS student, where do you stand? Express an advocacy that promotes
the political ideology you are most in favor of. Support your advocacy by citing evidences, in
which you may do it in a creative manner. You can either submit your output through a:

a. 5 minute-Vlog
b. 4 stanza Spoken Word Poetry
c. Digital/ Manual Poster
d. An Original Song

Your work must be submitted in google classroom and upon approval, you may post your work
publicly. You may use the hashtag #ICanBecauseIam on your post.

Criteria:
Content 40%
Persuasiveness 20%
Organization 20%
Creativity 20%
100%

What I can do? Written Work

Assessment.
A. Directions: Definition of terms. Provide a simple definition of the following terms/ concepts.
1. Political
Ideology

2. Conservatism

3. Liberalism

4. Fascism

5. Revolution

B. Directions: Modified TRUE or FALSE if the given statement is correct, If incorrect, replace
the underlined word/s to make statement correct.

________1. Ideology is a coherent set of ideas of that provides the basis for organized
political action, may it be to preserve, modify or overthrow the existing system
of power.
most importance and emphasis is placed not on social groups.
________2. Conservatism is the desire to preserve institutions and is reflected in a resistance
to, or at least suspicion of, change.
________3. Marxism stands in opposition to capitalism and proposes an alternative that is
more humane and equitable.
________4. Anarchists believe that political authority in whatever form is undesirable and
unwanted.
________5. The two version of fascism are those envisioned by Marx and Engels and by
communist parties.
Reflection:
C. Directions: Summarize what you have learned in this lesson in three to five sentences.
Provide two or three sentences for reflection and opinion regarding the importance of
knowing certain political ideology.

Prepared by

ANITA G. NAVARRO
Master Teacher II