Inside the classroom learner’s who occupies the classroom are approximately 14 students.

There are 7 girls and 7 boys. Most of them are born on year 2012 and currently 12 years old.
Half the numbers of learners are belong to indigenous group and most are Christians in terms of
religion setting. As I observed, first thing I noticed are how interactive they are. It was a good
Sign that the teacher is effective in his teaching. Some pupils can answer the question given by
teacher easily. I saw how the teacher localized his lesson in order for all of them to relate their
knowledge on it. This makes everyone actively participated. I also noticed that there are groups
of students who act as a leader, and little teacher. It was really fun to watch them because they
really admired their teacher.

When it comes on the students who sated at the front part they are very cooperative, supportive
and participative. They felt more comfortable asking their teacher for any questions and
clarifications. They can show their reaction naturally unlike those who were seated at the back.
Well, not all learners seated at the back are similar. Some of them are doing their best they can to
perform. Additionally as what I have observed, when their teacher asks them questions
concerning about the topic, the students who make wrong answer was being helped by his/her
classmates by simply dictating the correct answer. They have cooperation’s instead of competing
to each other.

As I was left in the classroom. I noticed how they formed a group on their own. Most are the
groups of girls, boys and hetero. I am aware that there are different types of group inside the
classroom and there are also some introverts who choose to be themselves because they felt
Comfortable with their own. I spotted two students, who stay in their classroom eating their
snacks while others are outside enjoying their free time. They are very shy to interact with their
classmates.Through the differences of learners. I asked Mr. Renato Moral their adviser how he
handles these types of learners and the strategies he uses to address Language and Cultural
differences, Religion and socio-economic status. He said that “ It wasn’t easy to have diverse
class, but as long as you love your profession you will find ways how to cater them equally and
respect who they are and everything will be fine”
There was a classmate who was a perpetual practical joker. He socializes with all of his
classmates and begs for food since he is lazy. A top student who also acts as the class leader
usually tries to remind the class to be quiet, albeit not everyone pays attention to her. Another
student pretended to be the class secretary even though she wasn't. She is the one who the
instructor usually asks to write the assignments on the board, collect the printing costs, and list
the names of the misbehaving kids.

Peers, the notion that being this way would be preferable, the responses of others that somehow
satisfy them, and the insightful criticism of their teachers all have an impact on how they choose
to play out these roles.

There was no student who I've observe being left out or different. It’s just they are being shy .
The students celebrate differences and create bond with each other.

The teacher encourages the students to accept and value each other's opinion and belief about a
particular matter, as well as their interest, hobbies, and preferences. This is done by encouraging
them to be mindful of and careful with their words, to be available for each other as friends who
are willing to help, and to offer emotional support.

For the shy learners, the teacher tends to address these issues by promoting more group activities
rather than individual. Teacher is aiming for interaction with other learners to improve their
social abilities little by little. By doing it, teaching and learning process are more effective.

A single action coming from teacher can influence the whole class interaction. Teacher can
foster positive learning’s with each other considering the individual differences by means of
having fairly values. Teacher will encourage them to freely state their thoughts and there will be
no showing treatments and biases.

The teacher ensures she is conscious of the unique characteristics of each student by getting to
know their backgrounds, learning preferences, and areas of interest. By allowing them to discuss
their cultural backgrounds, the teacher builds good relationships with her students while
encouraging open communication and respect in the classroom. The instructor also makes an
effort to include the celebration of cultural diversity into each lesson in any manner she can, for
example, by using activities that let the students get to know one another's cultures, like sharing,
role acting, etc.
Although the kids in the class are all unique individuals, their collective
acceptance and admiration of one another made me feel at ease as I was
watching. The way a teacher handles diversity in the classroom is a good
indication of how well-developed her teaching tactics are for fostering
knowledge of and connections to various cultures. The kids' evident
empathy and openness to people from different backgrounds allowed
them to communicate well with one another. Another indication that a
teacher is doing a good job of cultivating cultural sensitivity in the
classroom is when students act confidently and independently in front of
the class. I was moved by their kindness to one another, with their
teacher, and their ability to work together in cooperative activities
As I observed the grade five class under sir Renato Moral for almost three days.
I’ve noticed a lot of dfferences in learners abilities. Thankfully, none of them have
intellectual dissabilities knor physcal disabilities . Ther are some learners who has
the ability to attend and stay on task given by teacher. In terms of learning interest
some of them has lackings and others need to improve, despite this situatio I saw
how their teacher inserted his extra effort to assess them to spark motivation.
Based on my findings, I can categorized them by “A medium-scoring pupil and
Highly motivated students”. A medium-scoring pupils is the one that averagely
perform task given by teacher. They are not seem to left behind but the pupil is
introverted than their peers and teachers should work on improving their confience.
On the other hand, A Highly Motivated students are who seems to perform weell. I
noticed that both Jenica Soe and Jayson Villavueza are academic performer across
all subject in their class.

I asked sir Moral about the lernes that I dientified and he said that I was right for
mae Joy Seretario she was bit intrverted and for Jenica and Jayson both of them are
very acive and always participated but, there are times when he gave activities for
them there are specific abilities Mae Joy can excel , that both Jenica and jayson ar
lacking. He added that these makes his class diverse. All learners should be
enouraged to pursue their passion to prosper in future.

Im grateful that there were no pupils with special needs. I obseved they are all
regular students, the behavour they show are common for a learner, some students
shows lack of self-esteem and may misbehave in an effort to resist participating in
activity that could lead to failure. I learned a lot to Mr. Renato way’s of addressing
the individual learning needs of his learner fro the strategies and methods he used.
One of it is “The child-centered teaching aprroach” that strives to create accessible
learning
Precisely , Yes! My observation matched the information shared by my resource
teacher. I was able to identify those students who performd well , as well those
who have lackings. I recognized them the way thy interact, ansswer the teacher’s
question. They raised their hands immediately even without being requested by
teacher.

Based on what I observed, the class consist of different learner’s vary with skill
and capabilities. I saw some who performs averagely and other are highly
motivated students. I think scaffolding instruction will help both teacherband
learner to meet the needs, the teacher will break up the learning skills into discrete
parts and then give middle-scoring pupil e assistance they needed to learn each
part.

The teacher used collaborative learning as method in handing students with

different abiities. Teacher formed mix-ability group of pupils, give high achievers
a platform to vocalize their ideas and lower ability learners a way of collaborating
with learning from their peers. The teache didn’t even try changing the instruction
because they let them allocate their roles to each other according to their skills and
capabilties.

Back when I was in third grade, my teacher used to pair one studnts who
performed averagely with high achiever in a long table. She asked the achiever to
look for her seatmate and assist him/her if he/she needed. My teacher wanted other
students to help each other. This doesn’t mean she throw her responsiility to
studnts who performed well instead its just it become a big help for both of them.

It is anticipated that I will be managing a class of pupils with a range of abilities.

Additional time and effort to accommodate the learners' demands. Continual
invention and ideation of useful tactics and ways for addressing pupils with
varying levels of talent. Effective communication is necessary to build
relationships with kids and to show them that you care about them. a strong
emphasis on teamwork and the conviction that this is superior to letting kids
study on their own.
I was assigned to Calantas Elementary School which is one of the schools in
Casiguran Aurora that has Indigenous Pupils because to the schools location. Some
learners there are Igorot, Ifugao and Gaddang. There is a mix of pupils from
various grade levels in each classroom. The teacher’s in the said school came from
different places. Despite the challenges they are going it was paid off because
everyone in the class participates in every conversation, the class is incredibly
participatory. They are adamant about learning. With regard to their teaching
resources, teachers are also inventive and innovative. Even though they find it
challenging to educate solely using chalk and a board, they nonetheless come up
with effective strategies to do it. One teacher, for instance, described how he taught
addition or multiplication using river stones. Furthermore, they follow the
curriculum that has been locally adapted. One educator talked about the difficulty
he had teaching alphabets based on the words we often associate with each letter.
He employs terms that are more recognizable to the pupils while teaching the letter
"A" rather than using an apple to do so. The difficulty of the curriculum is another
element that influences how far the pupils' learning has come. This school does not
use the Indigenous Peoples Education Curriculum Framework since it has not yet
been delivered to them. They turn to the Old Curriculum Framework as a result.
However, given the intellectual capacity of the IP pupils, the time frame in this
program is not appropriate. Sometimes a single topic lasts three days. No matter
how motivated and skilled a teacher is, the issue with food insecurity affects kids'
academic performance in the classroom, making it challenging for instructors to
meet their goals of assisting IP children in learning more effectively.
One specific instance of how the school promotes a sense of affinity
For Igorot and Ifugao’s beliefs and customs is when one of the teachers
is imparting knowledge of their traditional dance. The teacher gave a
Demonstration of a profound grasp of what their value in their culture
By participating in this dance, which is a part of their tradition.

Yes, every teacher is aware of their student’s expression of spirituality

That’s why they respected it, by giving them freedom to express their
faith and they don’t forced them to participate in activity which is opposite
from them.

By encouraging the kids to learn about their traditional traditions and fostering
an awareness for their culture by incorporating such ideas into the debate,
the school demonstrates its great appreciation for Ifugao, Igorot and Gaddang
identity.

One of the teachers claims that they are not using the IPED curriculum but rather
the previous curriculum framework. This indicates that the learners must focus
on developing more generic abilities and competences rather than ones that
especially highlight the ancestral domain and culture of their tribe.

Yes. Even though they are still utilizing the outdate curriculum, it still connects
new ideas and skills to everyday life in the neighborhood.

The "indigenized" methods that the teachers use to teach the subjects are a
complement to the teachingprocess, which enhances learning.

One specific illustration of this is the inclusion of Igorot’s ethnic dance

in educational programs that emphasize the value of maintaining one's
culture and traditions.

The assessment techniques used by the teachers take into account the values
and culture of the community by making sure that the tests are culturally
responsive and especially take into account the language, resources,
and concepts that are pertinent to the group's background.

According to what I've seen, teachers' use of real-world concepts and

situations that the students must address in their lessons helps pupils
enhance their critical thinking abilities.
The following are my recommendations regarding the knowledge systems,
practices, and rights of indigenous peoples in the Calantas Elementary School
based on what I have learned from what I have observed

1. The Aurora DepEd Division must make ensuring that the IPED curriculum is
taught in all mountain schools, even those that only accept IP pupils.
2. Without losing the amount of time that kids spend in direct contact with their
teachers, the Aurora DepEd Division must devise efficient solutions for teachers
who struggle to commute from their homes to the mountain schools.
3. The Aurora DepEd Division should hire additional teachers to work with
indigenous students and pay them fairly.
4. Teachers must have access to current teaching resources, as well as student
materials like textbooks, from the Aurora DepEd Division.
5. By incorporating practical principles into each lesson, the curriculum for the
indigenous framework should provide an emphasis on the value of the indigenous
peoples' culture and traditions.

REFLECT

According to what I have observed, the students are less focused on their goals and desires as
learners and more worried about the dire chance that they would be deceived if they don't study.
I also discovered that there are a variety of circumstances that have an impact on children'
academic performance, therefore teachers and the parents of these pupils should be aware of
these difficulties and try to find a way to at least address them. For instance, the students'
significant food insecurity.

I respect the teachers at Calantas Elementary School for their commitment to instructing the
pupils despite the challenges they face. I respect the effort they put up to drive 5–6 hours simply
to teach the students, but more significantly, I appreciate how persistent they are in seeing that
these students fulfill their potential. They believe that teachers are the only unsung heroes who
will stand up for students' rights to an education.

A communicator who promotes respect for indigenous people and

takes the lead in defending their rights.

Incorporating celebration of cultures activities into every class and

making the most of different teaching methods that take students' diversity
and inclusiveness into account.
In order to better the curriculum that best meets the needs of IP
students, we must constantly support its development and improvement. To
this end, we should share insightful proposals with the heads of the
Department of Education and the Commission on Higher Education

The 3 Essentials for Effectively Managing a Classroom's Range of Abilities.

1. After implementing your strategies, evaluate the performance of your students

to determine whether it was successful. If they pick things up successfully, they
should keep becoming better and using the tactics; if not, they should try job 1
again to fully comprehend their range of talents.
2. Make a plan for how you will best meet their various demands. Find out more
about managing diverse kids successfully by reading and asking research
questions.
3. Consider how you will apply the knowledge you have combined and
accumulated to your students.

EPISODE 4
ANALYZE

When I conducted an interview to the parents of the learner, I was able to

know that the style of parenting they have on their child is authoritative
type in which this type of parenting the learner is selfgoverning but
there are still rules present that limit him in his play, actions, and joining
with friends.

As what I have learned in Child and Adolescent Development the factors

that I am going to contribute to the development and overall adjustment
of the learner in school are first, it contributes how the learners are
nurtured by his parents, their financial setting, and cultural background
of the family unit.

"Education begins at home" This quote helped me in finding and understanding

the behavior of the learner. What he did in school reflects how she is nurtured
and reared by his parents at home One of these effects for instance, if the learner
act and possessed misconduct in the classroom, then what he did especially
when it is a serious type then surely his parents are expected to visit the school
and consult for the performance of his child to his adviser of teacher.
REFLECT

When I was still a child until this present, I observed that my parent style of
parenting is authoritarian. Wherein my parents are always in authority and rules are
given. But even if these type of parenting is not available I could still manage my
time because I inherit the attitude of my grandmother which makes them happy
that at this age of mine, I do not even engage myself in going out with my peers in
the sense that I am afraid of the bad influence that might bring me to descend and
as what my parent says, "temptations are always there surrounds you so be careful
in doing something." Her lines blessed me, anyway this affects me on my studies
in the sense that, instead of spending my time with other, I rather choose to work
on my projects.

As teacher to be, I could establish good home-school collaboration by observing

the behavior of the learner in my class. I would be responsible enough on their
attitude for instance; if ever there is a trouble behind that creates a conflict,
problems in my students subsequently I will call the parents of that learner such
that even they will be able to know how their child performed in my class.
Wherein through this, we can say that there is relationship between home- school
links.
LEANING EPISODE 5

OBSERVE

As best I can tell, they are grade five students with ages ranging from 9 to 10 years
old. They are on stage that is curious with things they saw. Some learners are
working on farm since the place is surrounded by rice fields. They are capable of
handling themselves. They are very jolly and industrious.

There are 14 students inside the classroom. 7 boys and 7 girls.

Well, I can tell that they can’t be able to manage their own behavior because of
their age. They need guardian or older than them to discipline their action. There
are times they display inappropriate behavior.

Based on my observation, some can work independently but most of them are
dependent. For some cases like academic activities they need guidance coming
from their teachers and peers.

They are fully focused to the task, maybe it is because they have a timer, and they
need to focus on it to make sure that they can finish all task. The students finished
the tasks that are given by the teacher, so means that in their discussion session
they listened and observed carefully and study the procedure.

ANALYZE

Yes, there are cupboards in the rear were vital documents and papers of the instructor and
students are neatly placed. They also had students’ personal possession where they keep their
own books and other items for the next topic and activity at school.

These are the rules that are posted:

 Listen to your Teacher
 Raised your hand to speak
 Follow direction quickly

Yes the students are actively involved in the creation of the classroom rules. The result of the student’s
engagement in the rule-making is that they have the freedom to say what they want and are aware of how
they might avoid it. They must adhere to the rules and if they don’t, sanctions will be imposed to them.
The routine or the sequence of the practicum that I observed are start by the greetings, as the
students entering the class they greet ‘good morning, ma’am’ and then mute .If all the students
are in, the teacher presenting the prayer. Next is attendance, delivering the lesson, evaluation,
and a short announcement before end the class

The seating arrangement is formed into half circle which faced the teachers table. The teacher
wanted it because they are only few in classes, so it’s easy for him to watch them closely.

Due to the fewer pupils in Mr. Moral’s class, I can say that, the classroom is peaceful. Even
though sometimes there are instances they are noisy, it was easily managed as they have
classroom officers that leads the class.

The resource teacher will use the positive behavior strategy by talking to the student, because
maybe there are reasons on why they are showing a negative behavior.

The resource teacher can positively reinforce the behavior of the students by helping them to
make solution on the possible reasons of their behavior, as a teacher we can also recognize their
positive actions to motivates them to continue it. The teacher can also reinforce positive behavior
by cheering them up and praising them when they change their negative behavior into positive

REFLECT

As a future teacher, I want to keep the student-friendly teaching environment. I want my students
to be comfortable to me so that they can talk to me if they have concerns. In this way, it can
minimize the misbehavior of the students. We need to enforce positive environment to make the
students realize what they’ve done wrong and let them change it on their own. Using a positive
discipline, we can correct them without degrading their confidence to try new things

ANALYZE

In classroom organization and routines affect student behavior in a way that it

serves as a guide for students on how to handle their task and serve as a guide to
change their attitude because they know their teacher is watching. Their behavior

The teacher should think what the classroom organization and routines that suitable
and agreed also by the students. That’s why it is important to include the students
in designing for their learning to know what is fit to them. In general, after the
teacher knows what is suitable for the student, the teacher will finalize and
combine the student’s suggestions to the theories and principles in designing
classroom. In that way, the classroom will be well plan and organized.
In managing the behavior of the students, I would choose to be a friendly to them in a way that
they still see my authority to maintain the teacher and students’ relationship and the respect. I
observed other teacher from different class that they always show their strict impression for the
students to listen to them. But this strict impression can limit the connection between teacher and
students. A friendly behavior of the teachers in managing the class can improve the relationship
to the students, which results on approachable learning strategies. The students will reflect on
your behavior as a teacher.

REFLECT
I see myself that I’m going to teach in senior high school students which are in grade level 6. In this grade
level they start to build their chosen career. The first on our daily routine is greetings, as I enter the class,
they will stand up to greet, this is to make all of them aware that the class will start because sometimes
there are students that taking a nap before the class start, it will wake them up. The second is prayer, to
ask guidance from the God during the class. Third, attendance checking and collecting assignments.
Fourth, motivation task to warm them up before discussion and for them to have idea for the next topic.
Fifth, discussion, I like an interactive discussion so maybe sometimes I’ll call random students to ask
question. I like them raising their hands to participate. After the discussion, I’ll summarize the topic or if
it needs a demonstration, I’ll demonstrate it in this part of routine. It will be followed by activities or
practicum to apply what they have learned. The last one is quiz for evaluation of their learning

Be prompt to avoid forgetting a lesson. Cleanliness an area that is kept clean will produce a
favorable atmosphere. Before class, tend to your personal needs to prevent disruptions during the
lesson. Use polite language and gestures to prevent miscommunication and verbal or nonverbal
harm to others. Speak when you are able to minimize obtrusive sounds

Yes, since some rules may be unfair to some students, the learner should be included in creating
the class rules. If the students are participating in it, they are required to abide by the rules since
they created them.

EPISODE 7

To enhance the level of student involvement, the physical features of classroom

management are crucial. Particularly in the activities and interactions of the
students, we need to determine if this is safe for their movements in order to keep
what is excellent and acceptable for their learning engagement.

As a prospective teacher, I am aware that effective classroom management is

essential to achieving the desired learning outcomes. The kids won't be motivated
to learn if the classroom management is poor, like in the case of a task requiring a
space but insufficient classroom management.
My strategy for ensuring excellent classroom management is to involve the kids in
the process so they may offer suggestions for what will work best for them.

Since this was only one lesson, I only witnessed the teacher using the seven tactics.
She used such techniques in that session to help the pupils study more effectively.

The group task-related tactics are not used since, in the session I witnessed, the
students' practicum assessments were the main focus. All of these are crucial for
the students to collaborate effectively

REFLECT

The teacher will be able to identify their strengths and weaknesses and provide
them with support to improve so they can stay up with the rest of the class. For the
different types of learners, the classroom management tactics for them include
interviewing students to assess their needs.

EPISODE 8

Any professional body or the Ministry of It lists the concepts, abilities, and topics that will be
Education may suggest and implement a highlighted during the course of the learning
curriculum. Other professional organizations process. A recommended process. A suggested
curriculum that includes a list of objectives, a
may also recommend and implement a
material sequence that promotes graduation, and
curriculum, including the Commission on graduation criteria is frequently provided to schools
Higher Education and other educational as a policy suggestion
institutions.
Lesson plan or syllabus written by teachers The one created by curriculum experts with the aid
written by teachers of subject specialists and subject instructors.
Teachers of this caliber. This type of written
curriculum requires this kind of written curriculum
requires this kind of written curriculum to be pilot
tested or tried out in sample schools to out in sample
schools to assess its effectiveness. determine its
effectiveness
Implementation of the written curriculum written Any activity that is taught or performed in a
curriculum classroom is considered to be a part of the taught
curriculum. The instructional setting. When
instructors start a lecture, start a group project, start
group work, or encourage students to work, they are
demonstrating the curriculum that has been taught.
They are also encouraging students to do lab
experiments under their supervision.
Materials supporting or assisting in the Each learner should be given the opportunity to
implementation of the written curriculum. pursue genuine and lifelong learning.
Materials supporting or assisting in the
implementation of the published curriculum
To assess the level of instruction, establish whether Several assessments are being made based on how
instruction is effective, or assess whether pupils are much is being taught, how much the student is
making progress teaching, and how much the student is improving.
What students learned? Leaning outcomes can be used to determine how
competent students should be at the end of the class.
Intentional Curriculum

Reflection
The taught curriculum informs the written curriculum, which in turn informs the
written curriculum. The taught curriculum is informed by the supported
curriculum. Contrary to popular belief, supported curricula are similar to taught
curricula in that they frequently contain support sessions, labs, peer-to-peer
comprehension, and other activities. Peer-to-peer comprehension exercises and
other activities that were assessed. The written and taught curriculum serves as the
foundation for the assessed curriculum. As a result of the written and taught
curriculum, we get at the curriculum. After looking at the written, taught, and
assessed curricula, we arrive at the curriculum that is really learned. Most
unintentional or accidental curriculum is curriculum. Most unintentional or
unforeseen curriculum gets buried. It still has a significant impact on education,
though. However, it keeps playing.

ANALYZE

The teacher is showcasing his aptitude for "engaging children in learning about the
world and their place in it."

Yes, because of the students' collaboration and the teacher's confidence in her
abilities to follow out the plan and maintain the discussion's orderliness.

Happy and delighted that the pupils have already mastered the lesson

They are ecstatic and eager since they already understand how to employ the
simple present tense of a verb correctly in a sentence.

REFLECT
A successful lesson plan requires time, effort, and knowledge of the objectives and
skills of your students. The objective is to motivate students to comprehend and
design a successful lesson plan. As is the case with all instruction, the objective is
to urge pupils to as much information to be absorbed and remembered as they can.
Decide what you want to achieve first.
ANALYZE
Yes, given that the instructor first sets the learning objectives before putting them into practice
with a teaching and learning-centered strategy. The teacher then runs an activity bee for groups
of students to groups of students to measure their comprehension of the subject.

In order to aid pupils in learning, teachers use several concepts and techniques that collectively
constitute a teaching approach. The lessons that are taught have an effect on the students and aid
in their learning. The influence of the material being taught on the students can be seen in their
participation in short quizzes and group activities.

In the assessment, the students' evaluations are used.

REFLECT

It typically includes a goal (what students should learn), a method for achieving the
goal (delivery and procedure), and a system for determining if the goal was
achieved (typically through homework assignments or other means) (usually
through homework assignments or testing). Testing includes learning objectives,
educational activities, and assessments. Assessments, learning activities, and
learning outcomes are all a part of a lesson plan.

The activities and assessments are coordinated so that students can concentrate on
skills that are pertinent to the learning objectives and waste less time.

EPISODE 9
ANALYZE

The most often used learning principles are "Effective learning begins with
defining clear goals and learning outcomes." Learning is the discovery of personal
meaning and significance of concepts, is the learning principle that was least
implemented of all the principles, the teacher says as he starts his class.
Specifically, the majority of the lesson was devoted to the teacher's explanation
and sharing of ideas.

The majority of the work was done in class by the teacher. Contrast this with a
teacher who primarily supports students' learning while the students are the ones
who bring ideas to a specific topic.
REFLECT

The premise that learning is an active process is, in my opinion, the most
crucial one since it requires that learners actively pursue higher-order
cognitive activities like analysis, synthesis, and assessment.

ANALYZE
students, particularly those who perform well in class, might find it engaging, but some students,
particularly slow learners, might find it uninteresting. I had the impression that low achievers
enjoyed surprises because it helped them learn the lesson.

Teaching nowadays must not be boring to students. Else, they will not listen; worse, they will
sleep and show that you are not worth in teaching them. If I were to re-teach the class, I will be
student-centered to engage them and enhance their learning and to develop their critical thinking

REFLECT

For me, if I am going to teach, I make sure that the classroom setting creates a beautiful
ambiance. Why? It is because this is where they can get their attention. The learners may be able
to give their full concentration and attention to teacher. Also, it is giving an activity, I will make
sure to give them positive reward/feedback.

EPISODE 10
ANALYZE

There is no such thing as the best method in teaching. There are methods that are
proven to be more effective than the other. The method a teacher can use and even
experiment depends on the nature of the students, the subject matter and the
motivation of students

REFLECT

We select the appropriate strategy for our lesson base on the subject matter,
objective and assessment.

OBSERVE
The teacher states the learning objective/intended learning outcomes (ILOs)after
she recap the previous lesson. She shares it to them by asking a student to read it
on the board.
The teaching-learning activities she gave use is lecture, discussion, team learning
activity, video presentation and group activity. This activity helps her attain the
lesson’s objective/ILOs.

Group activity and written are the assessment that was being employed by the
teacher. Those assessment are aligned to the lesson’s objective/ILOs

ANALYZE
Outcome-Based Teaching and Learning (OBTL) is a student-centered approach that was being
adopted by the new curriculums. OBTL focused not on what the teacher intended to teach but
rather the emphasis is on what the outcome from the learner of that teaching is intended to be.

REFLECT
Outcome-based teaching and learning focuses on the possible outcome of a student as he/she
finish a particular course. His/her outcome will be the basis of all the learning that he/she gain to
whole duration of the course that he/she taken.

EPISODE 13