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DRR Chapter 8

The document discusses fire hazards and safety. It defines the fire triangle as requiring heat, fuel and oxygen to create fire. It lists common causes of kitchen, electrical and smoking fires. It also outlines procedures for responding to a fire emergency and developing an evacuation plan.

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Mary Bhabes Maestre
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161 views

DRR Chapter 8

The document discusses fire hazards and safety. It defines the fire triangle as requiring heat, fuel and oxygen to create fire. It lists common causes of kitchen, electrical and smoking fires. It also outlines procedures for responding to a fire emergency and developing an evacuation plan.

Uploaded by

Mary Bhabes Maestre
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER VIII ----FIRE HAZARD

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
1. Familiarize the elements of the fire triangle in different situations.
2. Enumerate the causes of fire.
3. Observe precautionary measures and proper procedures in addressing a fire
incident.

Pre-test
1. What is the main cause of fire?
2. What are the ingredients in creating fire?

Activity
1. Watch the following movies along with its link:

a. Towering Inferno- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cLdGWSpp4jM


b. Ladder 49 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gy3KsI7tR2g

Analysis
1. Identify the causes of the two fire incidents.
2. Describe and compare the precautionary measures and procedures employed in
addressing the two fire incidents.
3. Describe the roles of firefighters in firefighting and fire control.

Abstraction
Fire refers to a manifestation of matter changing one state to another. Oxidation
involves the combination of oxygen and another substance.

Elements of Fire Triangle


1. Heat – is energy that flows from an object of high temperature to an object of low
temperature.
Ways which heat can be transferred:
- Conduction – involves direct contact of substances, typically solids for heat to be
transferred.
- Convection – involves the flow of liquids and gases in the transfer of heat.
- Radiation – a manner of heat transfer that involves only electromagnetic waves, like
sunlight, or in the case of fire.
2. Fuel – is any solid, liquid, or gaseous substance that can be burned.
3. Oxygen

Stages of Fire
1. Ignition stage
2. Growth stage
3. Fully-developed fire stage
4. Decay stage
Backdraft an explosive fire that that happens due to the sudden introduction of
oxygen into an enclosed structure and has been deprived of air for quite some time.

Wildfires is any natural of anthropogenic-caused uncontrolled fire in remote areas


where there is extensive combustible vegetation and organic material like forests, grasslands,
shrub lands, brush lands and peat lands.

Types of wildfires
1. Ground fires
2. Surface fires
3. Crown fires
4. Ladder fuels

Causes of wildfires
1. Natural causes
2. Human activities

Top causes of fire


1. Kitchen stoves
- When left unattended
- Electric cords, curtains, tea towels and oven clothes close to the stove top.
- When long, flowing sleeves are containing gas flames.

2. Faulty wiring
- If installation was not done by qualified electrician.
- Capacity overload.
- Safety switches and fuses were not installed.

3. Smoking in bed
- Smoking in bed can cause fire.

4. Lighting
- Poor light fittings can cause heat build-up.
- Lampshades are so close to light globes and bases that can be knocked over easily.
- Recessed down lights are not properly insulated from wood paneling or ceiling
timbers.

5. Flammable liquids
- Petrol, kerosene, methylated spirits are not stored properly.
- Unsafe handling and use of flammable liquids is a potential fire hazards.

6. Candles
- When it is unattended, do not sleep with a burning candle.
- When curtains and other flammable items are close to burning candles.

Basic Response Procedures during a Fire Incident


Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish, Relocate, Secure (RACERS)
Fire Emergency and Evacuation Plan

Salient components of FEEP:


I. Fire evacuation strategy
II. Action on hearing the fire alarm
III. Calling the fire brigade
IV. Power/process isolation
V. Identification of key escape routes
VI. Fire wardens/marshals
VII. Places of assembly and roll call
VIII. Firefighting equipment available
IX. Training required
X. Personal Emergency Evacuation Plan (PEEP)
XI. Liaison with emergency services

Application

1. Make a fire emergency plan in your house.

Post-test
1. Cite the three elements of the Fire Triangle and explain how it is created.
2. What are the causes of fire? List down three common causes of fire and explain
why.

Printed references:
1. Quebral, Villamor S., Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction OBE, and Kto12
Based (Copyright 2016)
2. Rimando, Rolly E., Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction First Edition
(Copyright 2016)

Plagiarism Check by Turnitin

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