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Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

Here are the key points to remember from the fire response procedures: R- Rescue people from smoke and fire A- Activate the nearest fire alarm C- Contain smoke and fire by closing windows and doors E- Extinguish fire if small using appropriate extinguisher R- Relocate outside building away from entrance I will make a video recording discussing these procedures and submit it by the due date. Please let me know if you need any clarification or have additional feedback.

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wendell john mediana
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212 views

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

Here are the key points to remember from the fire response procedures: R- Rescue people from smoke and fire A- Activate the nearest fire alarm C- Contain smoke and fire by closing windows and doors E- Extinguish fire if small using appropriate extinguisher R- Relocate outside building away from entrance I will make a video recording discussing these procedures and submit it by the due date. Please let me know if you need any clarification or have additional feedback.

Uploaded by

wendell john mediana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DISASTER READINESS AND

RISK REDUCTION
Fire Hazard
Definition of Terms

Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the exothermic


chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and
various reaction products.

Hazard is any agent that can cause harm or damage to humans,


property, or the environment.

Potential- having or showing the capacity to become or develop


into something in the future

Combustion- the process of burning something, rapid chemical


combination of a substance with oxygen, involving the
production of heat and light.
Introduction

Fire hazards include all types of live flames, causes of


sparks, hot objects and chemicals that are potential for
ignition, or that can aggravate a fire to become large and
uncontrolled. Fire hazards also include all types of
potential threats to fire prevention practices, fire fighting,
built-in fire safety systems and situations that restrict the
escape of people from an affected building or area in the
event of a fire. Fire hazards pose threats to life and
property. It is, therefore, the prime object of safety systems
to detect, remove, or reduce the risk of fire threatened by
these potential hazards.
Common Fire Hazards
The following fire hazards are common at home,
in public places , transports and workplaces:

• All types of flames used for any work

• Electric wires, higher loads, loose connections and old electrical


equipment

• All cooking and heat generating appliances

• All works and situations where fire is essential such us welding,


cutting metal casting etc.

• Improper storage of tools, equipment and items during and at the end
of the day’s work
• Smoking and personal lighters and matches
• Fireworks, pyro-techniques, ammunitions and
explosives
• Improper and unauthorized storage of
flammable and hazardous materials and
chemicals especially the flammable ones
• Insufficient capacity and numbers of emergency
exits and stairs
• Hindrance to sight or reach fire fighting
equipment, markings and alarm systems
• Insufficient numbers and types of fire
extinguishers
• Absence of fire detection and alarm system
• Violation of fire building and fire codes
Elements of the Fire Triangle

The fire triangle or combustion triangle is a


simple model for understanding the necessary ingredients
for most fires. The triangle illustrates the three elements a
fire needs to ignite: heat, fuel and an oxidizing agent,
(usually oxygen). A fire naturally occurs when the elements
are present and combined in the right mixture, meaning
that fire is actually an event rather than a thing. A fire can
be prevented or extinguished by removing any one of the
elements in the fire triangle. For example, covering a fire
with a fire blanket removes the oxygen part of the triangle
and can extinguish a fire.
Take a look at the diagram below, called the “Fire Triangle”:
Top causes of fire
Cooking equipment is the leading cause of home structure fires
and home fire injuries. Smoking is the leading cause of civilian home
fire deaths. Heating equipment is the second most common cause of
home fire fatalities.
Below are some other common causes of fire:

Kitchen Stoves

• When left unattended


• Electric cords, curtains , tea towels and oven cloths are so
close to the stove top
• When long flowing sleeves are contacting gas flames

Faulty Wiring

• If installation was not done by qualified electrician


• Capacity overload
• If safety switches and correct fuses were not installed
Smoking in Bed

• Smoking in bed can cause fire- tiny embers can smolder


unnoticed and burst into flame much later.

Lighting

• Poor light fittings can cause heat build up


• Lampshades are so close to light globes and lamp bases
that can be knocked over easily
• Recessed down lights are not properly insulated from
wood paneling or ceiling timbers
Flammable Liquids

• When flammable liquids such as petrol , kerosene, methylated


spirits are not stored properly. Storage should be away from heat.
• Unsafe handling and use of flammable liquids is a potential fire
hazard

Candles

• When candles are left unattended. Do not sleep with a burning


candle.
• When curtains and other flammable items are close to burning
candles

Children

• When children are playing with fire. Keep all matches, lighters and
candles out of reach of small children
• Children are not well oriented about fire hazards and fire safety
Basic Response Procedures during a Fire Incident
The following response procedure was adopted from The University of
Chicago Fire Response Plan. It was summarized by the acronym RACER:

R- Rescue: Rescue people from the immediate area of smoke and/or fire. Make
people aware that there is a fire alarm activation or actual fire within the
building.
A-Alarm: Activate the nearest fire alarm station. When telephone is available,
call the Police or Fire Department hotlines. Provide your name, exact location of
the emergency, telephone number from which you are calling and type of
emergency you are reporting.
C- Contain: Contain the smoke or fire by closing all windows and doors to
rooms, stairways, and corridors. This is to control fire and smoke from
spreading.
E- Extinguish: Extinguish the fire using the appropriate fire extinguisher
for the type of fire being fought. Only attempt to fight the fire if you are
comfortable using a fire extinguisher and the fire is small, contained, and
not spreading beyond the immediate area.
R-Relocate: Relocate to a safe area. When inside building, relocate outside
of the building and away from the main entrance. Do not use elevators
within the building as a means of exit. Use the stairways, only.

For the sake of enhancement, letter “S” Is added to the acronym which
stands for:
S-Secure: Secure first important documents, money and heirlooms when
fire brakes out inside your own residence. These things are easier to take
as you go out from the house than the appliances which can be replaced
easily.
Assignment:
1. Summarize the basic response
procedures during a fire incident and
memorize them.

2. Present it by making a video recording


of yourself while discussing it.

Date of submission: March 21, 2021 @ 5pm only.

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