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Separation Techniques Extra Notes: Grade 8

The document discusses several common techniques used to separate mixtures into their pure components, including evaporation, filtration, sedimentation, decantation, magnetic separation, and simple distillation. Evaporation involves heating a liquid solvent until it vaporizes, leaving any dissolved solids behind. Filtration and sedimentation separate insoluble solids from liquids. Decantation is a crude method of pouring off a liquid from an undissolved solid. Magnetic separation exploits differences in magnetic properties. Simple distillation boils a solution and condenses the vapor to separate compounds with different boiling points. Videos are provided for additional explanation of these techniques.

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Kumar Joshi
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188 views

Separation Techniques Extra Notes: Grade 8

The document discusses several common techniques used to separate mixtures into their pure components, including evaporation, filtration, sedimentation, decantation, magnetic separation, and simple distillation. Evaporation involves heating a liquid solvent until it vaporizes, leaving any dissolved solids behind. Filtration and sedimentation separate insoluble solids from liquids. Decantation is a crude method of pouring off a liquid from an undissolved solid. Magnetic separation exploits differences in magnetic properties. Simple distillation boils a solution and condenses the vapor to separate compounds with different boiling points. Videos are provided for additional explanation of these techniques.

Uploaded by

Kumar Joshi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Grade 8

Separation Techniques Extra notes

Most of the time the substances that we see around us are not in their pure form.
They are basically a mixture of two or more substances. Interestingly, mixtures
tend to also come in different forms. Therefore, there are several types of
separation techniques that are used in segregating a mixture of substances. As for
the need for separation, it is usually done to remove all the unwanted materials and
obtain useful components.

Evaporation

It is used to separate those mixtures in which solvent is liquid and solute is soluble
solid. As the name suggests, evaporation is the process of conversion of water into
vapor. It is the method of separation in which liquid (solvent) evaporates and
leaves the solid residue behind. For example, salt is obtained from Seawater by
evaporation
Grade 8

Filtration or Sedimentation

The most common method of separating a liquid from an insoluble solid is the
filtration. Take, for example, the mixture of sand and water. Filtration is used here
to remove solid particles from the liquid. Various filtering agents are normally
used like filtering paper or other materials.

Sedimentation is a process by which heavier impurities present in liquid normally


water settle down at the bottom of the container containing the mixture. The
process takes some amount of time.

Decanting

A crude way of separating insoluble solids from liquids, as the liquid is poured
away and collected in another container. Note that the insoluble solid should be
able to settle down on standing and this method is not effective for obtaining clear
liquid from the mixture especially when the insoluble solid is very fine and light
Grade 8

Magnetic Separation

It is used in the separation of components of those mixtures in which one


component shows magnetic properties and another one doesn’t. It is used in the
extraction of metals to separate the metal from its impurity.
Grade 8

Simple Distillation

Simple distillation is a method for separating the solvent from a solution. For
example, water can be separated from salt solution by simple distillation. This
method works because water has a much lower boiling point than salt. When the
solution is heated, the water evaporates. It is then cooled and condensed into a
separate container. The salt does not evaporate and so it stays behind.

Every pure substance has its own particular melting point and boiling point. One
way to check the purity of the separated liquid is to measure its boiling point. For
example, pure water boils at 100°C. If it contains any dissolved solids, its boiling
point will be higher than this.
Grade 8

Figure 1 Salt solution is heated

Figure 2 Water evaporates and its vapors rise. The water vapor passes into the condenser, where it cools and condenses. Liquid
water drips into a beaker

Figure 3 All the water has evaporated from the salt solution, leaving the salt behind
Grade 8

Youtube videos for easier understanding

Magnetic Separation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cs-


IZOFY53A&ab_channel=Aasoka

Simple Distillation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5ep0-ojPGw

Evaporation:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4uCsq8Vp1yw&ab_channel=TeacherEssentials

Sedimentation and decantation:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j58VN7_5mlQ&ab_channel=ScienceProjects

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vw-mFLM5sU&ab_channel=BlueprintDigital

Ted-ed video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8Ent5CXhfY&ab_channel=TED-Ed

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