CA 3-THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES-4YR1SM

Lesson 1 Law on Human Right

Human Rights are the basic rights and freedoms to which all human beings are entitled, like civil and
political rights, the right to life and liberty, freedom of thought and speech/expression, equality before
the law, social, cultural and economic rights, the right to food, the right to work, and the right to
education
HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Bill of Rights as a declaration and enumeration of a person's rights and privileges, which the Constitution
protect against violations by the government, or by an individual or, groups of individuals and a
limitation upon the power of the State
Republic act no. 10368-Under sec. 2. Declaration of Policy. — Section 11 of Article II of the 1987 values
the dignity of every human, person and guarantees full respect for human rights. Pursuant to this
declared policy, Section 12 of Article III of the Constitution prohibits the use of torture, force, violence,
threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiate the free will and mandates the compensation and
rehabilitation of victims of torture or similar practices and their families.
The Spread of Human Rights
From Babylon, the idea of human rights spread quickly to India, Greece and eventually Rome.
Documents asserting individual rights, such as the Magna Carta (1215), the Petition of Right (1628), the
US Constitution (1787), the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789), and the
US Bill of Rights (1791) are the written precursors to many of today's human rights documents.
The Magna Carta (1215)
Magna Carta, or ''Great Charter," signed by the King of England in 1215, was a turning point in human
rights. The Magna Carta, or "Great Charter," was arguably the most significant early
influence on the extensive historical process that led to the rule of constitutional law today
in the English-speaking world. In 1215, after King John of England violated a number of ancient laws and
customs by which England had been governed, his subjects forced him to sign the Magna Carta,
Petition of Right (1628)
1628 the English Parliament sent this statement of civil liberties to King Charles.
(1) No taxes ma j be levied without consent of Parliament,
(2) No subject may be imprisoned without cause shown (reaffirmation of the right of habeas corpus),
(3) No soldiers may be quartered upon the citizenry; and
(4) Martial law may not be used in time of peace.
United States Declaration of Independence (1776)
In 1776, Thomas Jefferson penned the American Declaration of Independence. On July 4, 1776, the
United States Congress approved the Declaration of Independence. Declaration of Independence, in U.S.
history, document that was approved by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, and that announced
the separation of 13 North American British colonies from Great Britain.
The Constitution of the United States of America 1787 and Bill of Rights (1791)
The Bill of Rights of the US Constitution protects basic freedoms of United States citizens.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789)
In 1789 the people of France brought about the abolishment of the absolute monarchy and set the stage
for the establishment of the first French Republic. The basic principle of the Declaration was that all
“men are born and remain free and equal in rights
The First Geneva Convention (1864)
The original document from the first Geneva Convention in 1864 provided for care to wounded soldiers.
Swiss Federal Council, convention for the treatment of wounded soldiers in combat.
The United Nations (1945) World War 2 Fifty nations met in San Francisco in 1945 and formed the
United Nations to protect and promote peace
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
On October 24, 1945 in the aftermath of World War II the United Nations came into being as an
intergovernmental organization, with the purpose of saving future generations from the devastation of
international conflict. United Nations representatives from all regions of the world formally adopted the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights on December 10, 1948.
Lesson 2 Commonly Violated Human Rights
Human Right respect for human life & human dignity can be found in most religions and philosophies
Confucian
Islam advocates: No one of you is a believer, until he desires for is brother, that which he desires for
himself.
Christianity teaches: In everything, do to others just what you and them to do for you.
HUMAN RIGHTS are birthright
Human Right Abuses are causes of conflict (Human Right abuses escalate conflict).
The roots of internal conflict are due to the denial of human rights.
Understanding Human Rights
UN definition: those rights, which are inherent in our nature and without which, we cannot
live as human beings.
CHR definition: those rights that are supreme, inherent & inalienable rights to life, dignity
and to self-development.
It is the essence of these rights that makes man human.
-Human Right refer to those individual rights & fundamental freedoms that pertain to the
human person by reason of his humanity, whether they are civil & political (CPR); and
economic, social & cultural rights (ESCR).
Classifications of Human Rights
According to source:
1. Natural or Moral Rights — God given rights, acknowledged morally good
2. Legal Rights:
a. Constitutional Rights — guaranteed in bill of rights of the constitution
b. Statutory Rights — rights promulgated by legislative body
According to Aspect of Life:
Civil Rights - rights the law will enforce at instance of private individuals for purpose of securing to them
the enjoyment of happiness.
Political Rights - are those rights which enable us to participate in running the affairs of the government
either directly or indirectly
Civil & Political Rights are guarantees against government abuse. Referred as justiciable rights —
immediately enforced once violated. Called negative rights because State is refrained from violating
them.
Economic, Social & Cultural Rights — rights of people to self-determination, Ensure a life of dignity
According to Derogability:
Non-Derogable or Absolute Rights — rights that cannot be suspended nor taken away nor restricted or
limited even in extreme emergency and even if gov't invoke national security.
Derogable or Relative Rights — maybe suspended or restricted or limited depending on circumstances
for preservation of social life.
Human Rights Violations and Human Rights Abuses
Human Rights Violations
These are acts committed by or at the instigation of or with the consent of a public official or other
person acting in an official capacity contrary to human rights law, causing bodily or mental pain or
suffering or death. They occur when State actors abuse or deny basic human rights.
Republic Act No. 10368 (The Human Rights Reparation and Recognition Act of 2013) defines human
rights violation as any act or omission committed during the period from September 21, 1972 to
February 25, 1986
Lesson 3 Treatment Vs Punishment
Contemporary Forms of Punishment
Imprisonment - Placing offenders in prison for the purpose of protecting the public and at the same time
rehabilitating them by requiring the latter to undergo institutional treatment program.
Parole - Parole is defined as a procedure by which prisoners are selected for release on the basis of
individual response and progress within the correctional institution
Probation - It is a procedure under which a defendant after found guilty of a crime is released by the
court without imprisonment
Justification for Punishment
Retribution – “retribution" generally means with the perpetuator.
Deterrence - it is a justification for punishment based on the belief of the prevention or discouragement
of crime through tear or danger.
Specific Deterrence - is directed toward the individual offender. The rationale is that by making the
punishment sufficiently unpleasant, the offender
General Deterrence - is designed to use the offenders to "set an example"
Expiation or Atonement - punishment is exacted publicly for the purpose of appeasing the social group.
Reformation - Society's interest can be best served by helping the prisoner become a law-abiding citizen.
Protection - is rehabilitation of criminals and protection of the public go hand in hand.
Early Concept of Punishment
 King Henry VIII - Decreed corporal punishment for vagrants in 1531 and penal slavery
in 1547 to defend the interest of the still dominant landlord.
 Bridewell system/Institution - England established in 1556 as workhouse for vagabonds, idlers, and
rogues. It was a reform over the traditional unworkable system of punishment.
 Saint Bridget's Well - England's first house of correction.
 Penitentiary Act Of 1779 - This act was passed that mandate, the establishment of a prison system
based on solitary.
Treatment of victims Victims should be treated with humanity and respect for their dignity and human
rights
Lesson 4 Governmental Program for the Victims
“Victims” “means persons who, individually or collectively, have suffered harm, including physical or
mental injury, emotional suffering, economic loss
Philippine Government Response
The Philippine government created in 2002 the Presidential Human Rights Committee (PHRC) as the
"advisory body to the President in effectively addressing all human rights issues in the country.
Lesson 5 Different Therapeutic/Treatment Models
Feedback Informed Treatment – FIT (also known as Client Directed Outcome Informed Therapy – CDOI)
Therapy outcome research reveals that the alliance between you and your therapist is more important
to a positive therapy outcome than any particular kind of therapy.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)- ” According to the CBT model, dysfunctional or inaccurate thoughts
often underlie chronic and severe emotional and behavioral problems. tends to be more problem-
solving oriented, shorter term, and focused on the present
Mindfulness- idea that you are not your thoughts. When you are mindful, you turn toward the present
moment. Regretting the past may cause you to feel down.
Strength-Based, Solution-Focused Therapy- therapist can help you rediscover ways in which you can
overcome difficult challenges.
Choice Theory- development of close, caring relationships that we can most effectively fulfill our other
needs and achieve happiness.
Reality Therapy- Dr. Glasser’s supports a strong sense of responsibility for your behavior and the belief
that you can attain desired results through your choices.
Positive Psychology- beneficial strategies within our lives that improve mood, provide a sense of peace,
and enhance well-being.
Interpersonal Therapy- o develop a safe and trusting relationship between you and your therapist
Narrative Therapy you and your therapist will explore the stories that have dominated your life
Family Therapy- your child’s difficulties are viewed as a symptom of a problem in the child’s family
system.
Play Therapy-The role of your therapist is to offer a safe, accepting, supportive, attentive, and
responsive environment where your child can explore issues that are painful and troubling.
Life Coaching -They most commonly address issues you face in your personal life, professional life, or
relationships.
Reformation Program
Therapeutic Community- The primary goal is to foster personal growth.
The therapeutic community (IC) is an environment that helps people get help while helping others. It is a
treatment environment:
Lesson 6 Advantages and disadvantages of the different treatment models
You’re Not Alone -Groups are made up of people who are experiencing the same or comparable issues.
When you’ve experienced trauma or other intense emotional situations,
A Sense of Belonging- In a group session, you’re surrounded by people who know what you’re going
through because they’re going through it themselves. You don’t have to feel like an outsider because
everyone in the group knows exactly where you’re coming from.
A Network of Support. You can get advice and support from others who have been in your shoes
without the fear of being judged by someone who doesn’t understand.
Gain Perspective When you listen to other people talk about their struggles and problems, it can help
you gain a little bit of perspective about your own struggles
Learn New Strategies-Sure, a trained therapist is there to guide the group and share specific strategies,
but you can also learn from the other people in the group, too. Everyone in the group will be at different
places in their own recovery or treatment
Easier on the Wallet In general, group therapy sessions are less expensive than one-to-one sessions with
a therapist because the cost of the therapist’s time is spread out over multiple group members.
Disadvantages of Group Therapy

These are many, but not all, of the advantages to group therapy. But before you join a group, consider
some of these disadvantages, too.
Disadvantages of Group Therapy
Speaking In Front of a GroupFor those who have a severe social phobia, it might be difficult to speak in
front of the group. Additionally, for members who have experienced traumatic events, it could be
triggering or overwhelming to have to take part in discussions about abuse or trauma. And having to
share intimate details of past experiences with relative strangers might be difficult for someone with
social fears to do.
Possible Personality Clash-The larger the group of people, the more likely to have personality clashes
among group members. Also, since you won’t be the sole focus of of the session, treatment is likely to
be diluted and it could take longer to see results.
Lack of Confidentiality-With an individual therapist you are sure to have confidentiality; in fact, that’s
part of the legal protection of talking to a therapist. But with a group that goes right out the window.
Each person in the group could potentially be the “breach” despite receiving instructions to the
contrary.
Scheduling Conflicts-Group sessions usually take place at specific days and times that might not be
convenient to you and could make rescheduling an issue. It’s not like making a one-on-one appointment
with an individual therapist. The day and time are usually set and you can either make it – or you can’t.
Need to Be High Functioning-In order to get the most out of group therapy, you need to be able to
function with a degree of normalcy. People who are in crisis or suicidal are not good candidates for
group therapy.
Group Therapy vs Individual Therapy
Now that you know more about group therapy, you might be wondering which type of therapy is better
– group or individual?
The answer is pretty simple: neither. It’s not a matter of one being inherently better than the other, they
are both just different types of treatment for problems that many people face.
Lesson 7 Victims Reparation and emotional recovery programs
Victims- are those suffered harm as a result
Reparation – aim of reparation is usually to eliminate as far as possible. The consequences of the illegal
act and to restore the situation that would have existed if the act had not been committed
Right of victims to reparation
Restitution entails- may include restoration of liberty return one place of residence, restoration of
employment and return of property
Rehabilitation -includes legal, medical psychological and social measure to help victims to help victims
recover (for instance, setting up rehabilitation centres for victims
Compensation- indemnification for financial and non-financial damages including physical or mental
harm
Satisfaction -public apologies, acceptance of responsibility
Gurantee of non- recurrence- entail measures to help prevent future human right
Lesson 8 the four developmental aspects of therapeutic modalities
Bjmp-detainee waiting 1day for 3 yrs
Provincial jails- supervised provincial 6 month 1 day to 3 yrs
Bucor-3yrs to lifetime
Dswd- minor youthful

1. Individual and group counseling (under emotional /behavior)

This could be done either by individual or group interaction with the officers of the Agency.
2. Moral, Spiritual, Values Formation Seminars, lectures or trainings offered or arranged by the Agency
comprise these rehabilitation activities. Active NGOs, schools, civic and religious organizations are
tapped to facilitate the activities.
3. Work or Job Placement/Referral Categorized as an informal program wherein a client is referred for
work or job placement through the officer’s own personal effort, contact or information.
4. Vocational/Livelihood and Skills Training -The program includes the setting up of seminars and skills
training classes like food preservation and processing, candle making, novelty items and handicrafts
making, etc., to help the clients earn extra income
5. Health, Dental and Medical Services
medical and health services including physical examination and treatment, free medicines and vitamins,
dental examination and treatment,
6. Literacy and Education
In coordination with LGU programs, adult education classes are availed of to help clients learn basic
writing, reading and arithmetic. Likewise, literacy teach-ins during any sessions conducted for clients
become part of the module. This is particularly intended for clients who are “no read, no write” to help
them become functionally literate.
7. Community Service It includes tree planting, beautification drives, cleaning and greening of
surroundings, maintenance of public parks and places, garbage collection, blood donation and similar
socio-civic activities.
8. Client Self-Help Organization some structure to the lives of clients where they re-learn the basics of
working within a group with hierarchy, authority and responsibility much like in the bigger society.
9. Payment of Civil Liability
victims of offenders are pursued despite the economic status of clients.
10. Environment and Ecology-. These seminars/lectures tackle anti-smoke belching campaign, organic
farming, waste management, segregation and disposal and proper care of the environment.
11. Sports and Physical Fitness
Activities that provide physical exertion like sports, games and group play are conducted to enhance the
physical well-being of clients. Friendly competition of clients from the various offices of the sectors,
together with the officers, provide an enjoyable and healthful respite