Grade 8 WEEK

Identifying Materials and Tools for a Task 1

Lesson

In this lesson, you will understand carpentry tools and common con-
struction materials. You will study how to classify materials and tools applicable
to a specific construction job and accomplish requisition forms for materials and
tools.
Melcs:

Carpentry is a skilled trade in which the primary work performed is the

cutting, shaping and installation of building materials during the construction
of buildings, ships, timber bridges, concrete formwork, etc. Carpenters tradi-
tionally worked with natural wood and did the rougher work such as framing,
but today many other materials and tools are also used. Construction work has
undergone major changes. Once dependent upon craftsmanship with simple
mechanical aids, the industry now relies largely on machines and equipment.

Materials, tools and equipment that will be mentioned in this lesson are
particularly important in construction work since these are primarily used to
put things together.

Materials in Carpentry
1. LUMBER. It is any wooden material sawed or split into boards timber.
2. NAIL. It is a metal that has one end pointed and one end flattened for ham-
mering. It comes into different lengths and is usually used to fasten woods in
carpentry.
3. SCREW. It is a metal that has a thread and is made of metal. It comes into
different types and lengths.
4. GI WIRE. Galvanized iron wire is a steel or iron wire coated with zinc
5. GI SHEET. Galvanized iron sheet is a steel sheet coated with zinc
6. STEEL REINFORCEMENT. It is a steel bar used to strengthen concrete un-
der tension. It is also known as reinforcing bar or Rebar.
Tools in Carpentry
1. PULL-PUSH RULE. It is a retractable tape measure.
2. PLUMB-BOB. It is a heavy pointed tip suspended by a string which is used
as a vertical reference line. It is also known as a plummet.
3. CARPENTER PENCIL. A marking tool just like a standard pencil but has a
rectangular or elliptical body which prevents it from rolling away.
4. MARKING GAUGE. It is a tool used for marking lines on wood or metal for

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cutting. It is also known as scratch gauge.
5. LEVEL BAR. It is a bubble reading level which indicates the levelness of the
surface being tested.
6. LEVEL HOSE. It is a tool that uses water or liquid to determine the level-
ness of a surface.
7. TRY SQUARE. It is a tool primarily used to test the flatness, squareness or
accuracy of a right angle.
8. CHALK LINE. It is a tool used to mark long, straight and flat surfaces.
9. STEEL RULE. A carpenter’s square or steel square or framing square used
to construct or test right angles.
10. PLANE. It is a tool used for smoothing or taking out sharpness out of
woods, joints or stocks.
11. CHISEL. It is a tool used for carving woods and cleaning joints and saw
cuts. Below are some of the commonly used chisels in woodworking.
a. Bench chisel is commonly used chisel for chopping and trimming
woods.
b. Paring chisel is a delicate chisel used for careful trimming of woods.
c. Mortise chisel is used for heavy chopping of wood joints.
12. HAND SAW. It is a tool used for cutting woods manually. It comes into dif-
ferent types. Below are some of the commonly used saws in woodworking.
a. Crosscut saw is used to cut across the grain of the wood.
b. Rip saw is used to cut along the grain of the wood.
13. DRILL BIT. It is a bit inserted to an electric drill or brace to punch hole on
wood, wall or other objects.
14. BRACE. It is a hand tool used with drill bit to bore holes usually in woods.
15. BENCH VISE. It is a holding device attached to a workbench. It has two
jaws that hold something in place.
16. BAR CLAMP. It is a tool used to hold two pieces of wood for nailing or glu-
ing.
17. PAINTBRUSH. It is made out of clamp bristles used for applying paint and
varnish on woods and other materials.
18. OIL STONE. It is a stone used to sharpen edges of steel tools.
19. SAW SET. It is used to sharpen and adjust the distance of saw tooth from
its blade.
20. NAIL SET. It is used to drive nails deeper on the wood’s surface that comes
into several sizes.
21. FILE. It is a case-hardened steel bar that has forward-facing teeth used for
smoothing, cutting and shaping surface of wood or material.
22. JIGSAW. It is a power-saw used to cut wood or other materials in straight or
curved manner.
23. SANDER. It is a power tool that moves in circular or back and forth pattern
to smoothen surface of a wood.
24. ELECTRIC DRILL. It is used with drill bit to make round holes and drive bit
to use it as driving fasteners.
25. CIRCULAR SAW. It is a power-saw that has abrasive circular blade that
moves in circular motion to cut different types of materials. It has adjusta-
ble plate that determines the angle of material to be cut.
26. ROUTER. It is used to shape edges of woodworks. It has various bits that
determine the shape of the edges.
27. SCREWDRIVER. It is used to tighten or loosen screws. It comes into differ-
ent types and sizes.
28. a. Flat Head is a type of screwdriver that has flattened tip. It is also known
as “Slotted screwdriver”.
29. CLAW HAMMER. It is a tool used for driving and pulling out nails.
30. MALLET. It is a tool usually made of wood and is used to drive chisels and
dowels. Dowels are cylindrical pin made of wood and is cut into different
lengths and used to fasten woods.
31. PROTRACTOR. It is a tool used to measure angles.
32. ZIGZAG RULE. It is a folding rule that consists of rule strips joined with
hinges which allows it to be folded against each other to keep it short and
portable. This can also be used to easily create parallel lines.

Requisition Procedure
One of the most important things in working with a project are the availa-
bility of tools and materials. It is inevitable that some or all of the tools and ma-
terials needed are not available at hand. If this happens, one should request
these tools and materials to support the project. Requesting is not merely done
verbally but follows standard operating procedure by accomplishing a requisi-
tion slip or form. In this lesson, requisition procedure and definition, sample
and accomplishing requisition slip will be discussed.Below is a suggested step
by step procedure in requesting needed materials and tools.
1. Discuss and Identify tools or materials needed within a group or de-
partment.
2. Canvass for the unit cost of identified tools and materials.
3. Accomplish a requisition slip.
4. Submit slip to an authorized person and seek for approval.
5. Submit purchasing order slip to the purchasing officer once approved.
6. Wait for the required date agreed to acquire the needed tools or materi-
als.
What is a requisition slip?
A requisition slip is a documented form used for procurement of necessary
goods for a specific project. It comes into different formats depending on the
standard existing in a firm. Below is an example of basic requisition slip.

Filling Out Requisition Form Procedure

1. State the name of the project on the “Project” section.
2. Indicate the date when you request the tools or materials and the date
they need to be acquired on the “Date Requested” and “Date Required”
section respectively.
3. Suggest stores where requested items can be purchased. Write it on the
“Suggested Vendors” section.
4. List items to be requested and specify description of each item on
“Materials & Description” Section.
5. Indicate the quantity of each item in the “Quantity” section and specify
the appropriate unit of measurement in the “unit” section.
6. Indicate the cost per unit of each item on the “Unit Cost” section. Cost
should be based on the canvassed prices on the suggested vendors.
7. Calculate the total cost per item by multiplying unit cost to quantity. Indi-
cate it on the “total” section.
8. Get the total cost of all requested items and write it on the “Total Cost” sec-
tion.
9. Write the name of the requisitioner and affix signature on the “Proposed
by” section. Indicate also the department where the requisitioner belongs
on the “department” section.
10. Write the name of an approving authority and seek for his/her approv-
al on the “Approved by” section and indicate the date of approval on
“Date approved” section.
11. Purchasing officer will write his/her name and affix his/her signature
on the “Purchasing Officer” section. Indicate the date on “Date received”
section upon receiving the slip.
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Learning Task 1: Categorize the following items whether they are tools or ma-
terials in carpentry using the table below. Do this in your notebook.
1. Mallet
6. Nail Tools Materials
2. GI Wire
7. Hammer
3. Lumber
8. GI Sheet
4. Router
9. Try Square
5. Saw
10.Plane

Learning Task 2: Based on your own understanding, determine the simi-

larities and differences of tools and materials. Show it through a Venn Dia-
gram.
Tools Materials

Brief Explanation:
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Learning Task 3: Study the following questions and provide a
detailed answer. Include specific situations and examples to
expound your thoughts. Do this in your notebook.
1. How do you understand the word carpentry and how would you relate it to
construction job?
2. What do you think are things needed to perform construction job?

A
Learning Task 4: On a sheet of paper, create your own requisition form and
accomplish it based on the given scenario below.

Mrs. Rosana V. Santos one of the head teachers in Kapayapaan Na- tional High School, a multiple-
hectare institution that consists of eight de- partments namely TLE, MAPEH, AP, Math, English,
Filipino, ESP and Sci- ence. She wants to propose a bulletin board project for each department of
the school. With this, she researched about the materials that she will be needing to create a
bulletin board. She found out that each bulletin board requires the following materials: a piece of
¾ plywood, liter of stain maple, kilo of finishing nail 11/2, foot of sand paper, liter of QDE Boysen
(Green), liter of thinner and piece of paintbrush no. 2. Based on her canvass at Dasmarinas
Hardware, the materials cost 700, 110, 30, 50, 150, 80, and 20 PHP respectively. With these
information, help Mrs. Santos fill out her
project’s requisition form noted by Mrs. Perlita I. Reyes, school principal and submit it to Mr.
Jan L. Santiago, school supply officer as one of the requirements for the project.