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L2 Transmission of Power by Pipeline

The document discusses the transmission of power through pipes carrying liquids and the equations needed to calculate power transmitted based on flow conditions. It provides examples of calculating pipe diameter, power transmission, efficiency, and nozzle size and jet force based on flow parameters like pressure, flow rate, pipe length and diameter, and friction factors. The goal is to understand how to determine power transmission and optimize pipe and nozzle design for hydraulic power systems.

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233 views

L2 Transmission of Power by Pipeline

The document discusses the transmission of power through pipes carrying liquids and the equations needed to calculate power transmitted based on flow conditions. It provides examples of calculating pipe diameter, power transmission, efficiency, and nozzle size and jet force based on flow parameters like pressure, flow rate, pipe length and diameter, and friction factors. The goal is to understand how to determine power transmission and optimize pipe and nozzle design for hydraulic power systems.

Uploaded by

OPO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 2: Transmission of Power

By Pipeline
Learning outcomes:
• Determine the power transmitted from the flow
conditions and vice versa
• Calculate the effects of nozzle fitted to the outlet
of a pipe using Bernoulli’s and continuity equation
Power Transmission
• The transmission of power through pipes
carrying water or other liquids is commonly
used for working of several hydraulic
machines.

• The hydraulic power transmitted by a pipe


depends on
- the discharge passing through the pipe
- the total head of water (or other liquid)
Basic equations needed
• Continuity equation
𝑄 = 𝑣𝐴

• Bernoulli’s equation (Total Pressure Head)


𝑝 𝑣2
𝐻= + +𝑧
𝜌𝑔 2𝑔

• Power equation
𝒫 = 𝜌𝑔𝑄𝐻

• Darcy’s equation (pressure head loss due to friction)


𝑓𝐷 𝑙𝑣 2 32𝑓𝑓 𝑙𝑄 2
ℎ𝑓 = = (for round pipe)
2𝑔𝑑 𝑔𝜋 2 𝑑 5

• Darcy and Fanning friction factors


𝑓𝐷 = 4𝑓𝐹
Setup

𝑝1 , 𝑣1 , 𝑧1

𝑣1 = 𝑣2 𝑝2 , 𝑣2 , 𝑧2

𝑝1 𝑝2
+ 𝑧1 = + 𝑧2 + ℎ𝑓
𝜌𝑔 𝜌𝑔
𝜌𝑣22
𝒫2 = (𝑝2 + + 𝜌𝑔𝑧2 )𝑄 = 𝜌𝑔𝐻𝑄
2
𝒫1 = 𝒫2 + 𝒫𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠

Friction
Variation of Power with Discharge
(Equation comes from basic equations)

• Power transmitted
 f F LQ 3 
𝒫outlet  g  HQ  3d 5 
3.025651 
𝑑𝑃
=0
𝑑𝑄
Example 2.1
In hydraulic transmission of power, 75 kW is to
be transmitted over a distance of 16 km. The
total pressure at the inlet of the pipe is 6900
kPa. The pressure drop per km is to be 43.2
kPa/km, and the Fanning friction coefficient of
the pipe is 0.006. Determine the diameter of the
pipe required if (a) 75kW includes the pipe
friction loss, and if (b) 75kW does not include
the pipe friction loss [Answer: 0.14m; 0.146 m].
Example 2.2
What is the maximum rate at which energy can
be transmitted through a 150 mm diameter
pipeline 3000 m long supplied with water at
8300 kN/m² pressure if fF = 0.01?

[Answer: 257kW]
Variation of efficiency with Discharge

• Efficiency
fLQ 2
2
hf 5 fLQ
  1   1  3d  1 
H H 3Hd 5
Flow through Nozzle
 A nozzle is a tapering mouthpiece, which is
fitted to the outlet end of a pipe.
 The total energy at the end of the pipe
consists of pressure energy and kinetic energy.
 By fitting the nozzle at the end of a pipe, the
total energy is converted into kinetic energy.
 A high velocity is required in the fields of
power development, e.g. fire fighting.
Example 2.3
• Water is supplied through a pipe of 50 mm
diameter 60 m long having Fanning friction
coefficient 0.006 under a total head of 16.5 m
and is discharged through a nozzle which has
a coefficient of velocity of 0.98. The actual
discharge is 0.22 m³/min. Determine the
diameter of the nozzle [answer: 0.018 m].
Example 2.4
• A 2500m long pipeline is used for transmission
of power. 120kW power is to be transmitted
through the pipe in which water having a
pressure of 4000kN/m2 at inlet is flowing. If
the pressure drop over the length of pipe is
800kN/m2 and fF = 0.006, find: (a) Diameter of
the pipe, and (b) Efficiency of transmission

[Answers: 0.15m, 80%]


Example 2.5
• A pipeline transmits 260 kW over a distance of
2.4 km under a supply pressure of 3300
kN/m². The Fanning friction factor of the pipe
is 0.01 and the efficiency of transmission is
92%. Determine the number of 150 mm
diameter pipes required to transmit this
power.
[Answer: 5]
Example 2.6
• Find the maximum power transmitted by a jet
of water discharging freely out of nozzle fitted
to a pipe 300m long and 100mm diameter
with Fanning coefficient of friction as 0.01.
The available head is 90m.
[Answer: 10.2kW]
Variation of force with nozzle
diameter for a fixed pressure

𝑝𝜋𝐷2 𝑑𝐹𝑗𝑒𝑡
𝐹𝑗𝑒𝑡 = 𝜌𝐴𝑣 2 = =0
𝑓𝐷 𝐿𝐷4 𝑑𝐷
2 1+ 5
𝑑𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒

Fore of jet

Diameter
5 0.25
𝐷𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑑𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 /𝑓𝐷 𝐿
Example 7
• A fire engine supplies water to a hosepipe,
75m long and 0.075m in diameter, at a
pressure of 294kN/m2. The discharge end of
the hosepipe has a nozzle of diameter D fixed
to it. Taking friction factor as fF=0.032,
determine the diameter D so that the force of
issuing jet may be a maximum.

[Answer: 22.3mm]

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