1

CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter includes the introduction, statement of the problem, scope and limitation,

conceptual framework, signifance of the study and the definition of terms used.

Introduction
Located in the heart of Southeast Asia, the Philippines is an archipelago made up of over 7,641

islands. The Philippine archipelago is located along the boundaries or edges of plates in the Pacific,

popularly known as the Pacific Ring of fire. It is along these zones where there is active volcanic

activity. This explains why the country has about twenty-one active volcanoes and is prone to

earthquakes.

Volcanic eruption occurs when hot materials from the Earth’s interior are thrown out of a

volcano. These materials can be lava, rocks, dust and gas. Some eruptions are terrible explosions that

throw out huge amounts of rock and volcanic ash that can kill many people. Some are quiet outflows of

hot lava (Wikipedia, 2020).

Volcanic ash fall is a rain of airborne ash resulting from volcanic eruption. Volcanic ash is then

convected upwards within the eruption column and carried downwind, falling out of suspension and

potentially affecting communities across hundreds, or even thousands of square kilometers. Ash is the

most frequent, and often widespread volcanic hazard is produced by all explosive volcanic eruptions.

Although ashfalls may endanger human life directly, threats to public health and disruption to critical

infrastructure services, aviation and primary production can lead to potentially substancial societal

impacts and costs even at thickness of only a few millimeters (Miller, et al,, 2014).

On the 12th day of January, 2020, the eruption of the Taal Volcano happened. It has gone from

alert level one to alert level four in a span of one day. Not even the PHIVOLCS has predicted its sudden

eruption. The volcano has been erupting phreatic flows since then that caused a volcanic ash fall to the
2

whole province of Batangas and to its neighboring provinces. The said volcanic ash fall was powerful

that it made almost the entire city of Batangas blanketed with volcanic ash. In a day, volcanic ash falls

made ghost towns. No one could go out easily with the fear of inhaling or even having contact with it.

Everyone was seen wearing face masks to protect themselves from inhaling it. These are tiny particles

that if you put under a microscope may seem like shattered glass and if inhaled with large amounts, can

cause a respiratory disease called silicosis. That is the reason why everyone is advised to wear protective

clothing or just stay indoors. The people may not experience the flowing of lava but the spewing of

volcanic ash fall with its sulfuric smell led the people in panic.
3

Conceptual Framework

The Conceptual Framework is presented as follows:

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Things done
during volcanic
ash fall
Profile of the
Respondent’s Initial reaction
upon seeing
1.1Age volcanic ash fall
1.2 Sex Survey Effect of volcanic
Questionnaire ash to health,
1.3 Address animals and plants
Preparations to be
applied once
volcanic ashfall
happens again

FEEDBACK

Figure 1

Paradigm of the Study

The figure shows that the study focuses on the input, process and output.

The inputs are respondent’s age, sex, and address.

There is an arrow pointed on the second box which mean input were assessed through the use of

survey questionnaire and data gathered, analyzed so as to get the output which are the things done during

volcanic ash fall, initial reaction upon seeing volcanic ash fall, effect of volcanic ash to health, animals and plants

and preparations to be applied once volcanic ashfall happens again.

4

Statement of the Problem

This study was conducted to ascertain the effects of volcanic ash fall during the Taal Volcano

eruption to the residents of San Luis, Batangas. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. Profile of the respondents:

1.1 Age

1.2 Sex

13 Address

2. What is the first thing that you have done during the said ash fall?
3. What is your initial reaction upon seeing everything covered in volcanic ash fall?
4. What is the effect of volcanic ash to:
4.1 Health
4.2 Livestock animals/pets
4.3 Plants/crops
5. What could be the preparations that you can apply once the volcanic ash fall happens again?

Assumption of the Study

In this research study, the following assumption were formulated:

1. The people will become aware on what are the effects of volcanic ash fall.

2. The people will be informed on the preparation that they can do, once the volcanic ash fall occurs
again.
5

Significance of the Study

This study would be beneficial to the following:

Students. To be aware about the effects of volcanic ash fall so that the students will know what

to do once it happens again especially when at school.

Residents. The given data would help them formulate some preventive measures to lessen the

effect of the said volcanic ash fall. The findings would also help them to be aware in case the same event

occurs again.

Municipality of San Luis. For them to be able to recognize the effects of volcanic ash fall to the

residents, plants and animals. This will also provide possible actions in preventing problems or effects of

the said calamity.

Future Researchers. This may provide them related study about the causes of volcanic ash fall.

This may serve as reference material in making their research.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study focused the Effects of Volcanic Ash Fall during the Taal Volcano Eruption in the

Residents of San Luis, Batangas. This covered the things done during volcanic ash fall, effect of

volcanic ash to health, effect of volcanic ash to animals, effect of volcanic ash to plants and the

aftermath of volcanic ash to you and your household.

The respondents of this study were residents who experienced the said ash fall. The researchers

employed descriptive method of research and utilized questionnaire in gathering data. The statistical tool

applied was percentage.

6

Definition of Terms

The following definition of terms listed below is how they were used in the research study

Pacific Ring of Fire. It is where many earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur (www.wikipedia.com)

Phreatic flows. Steam-blast eruption occurs when magma heats ground water or surface water

(www.wikipedia.com)

Silicosis. Inhalation of dust containing silica (www.merriamwebster.com)

Tephra. Rock fragments and particles ejected by a volcanic eruption (www.britanica.com)

Deposition.The action of depositing something (www.wikipedia.com)

Prevailing. Existing at a particular time; current (www.merriamwebster.com)

Dispersed. Distribute or spread over a wide area (www.merriamwebster.com)

Atmosphere. Set of layers of gases surrounding the planet or material body (www.wikipedia.com)

Clogging. To hinder or obstruct with thick or sticky matter (www.britanica.com)

Imposing. Force to be accepted or put in place (www.britanica.com)

Debris. Scattered pieces of waste or remains (www.wikipedia.com)

Plume. To spread out in a shape resembling a feather (www.merriamwebster.com)

Substantial. A considerable importance, size, or worth (www.wikipedia.com)

Proximity. Nearness in space, time, or relationship (www.wikipedia.com)

7

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents a review of related literature and studies that are relevant in the study.

Foreign Literature

Volcanic eruptions introduce large amounts of tephra into the atmosphere, creation a major

environmental hazard. Even a small amount of volcanic ash is a hazard that is capable of causing major

disruptions (Bonadonna et al., 2012).

After deposition, it can directly affect livelihoods (destroying crops and pastures), and

infrastructure, for example, by causing roof and building collapses, damaging and disrupting electricity

networks, clogging drainage systems, and contaminating water supplies as said by Hampton et al., 2015.

Wilson et al., 2015 also argues that in the long term, cities near active volcanoes, ash fall can

also have an indirect effect: exacerbating preexisting respiratory conditions, causing psychological

stress, and imposing the economic burden of regular clean-up and maintenance of vulnerable

infrastructure.

Local Literature

Miller et al., (2016) described volcanic ash as an increasingly common, long-range hazard,

impacting on our globalized society.

Volcanic ash falls are one of the most widespread and frequent volcanic hazards, and are

produced by all explosive volcanic eruptions. Ash falls are arguably the most disruptive volcanic hazard

because of their ability to affect large areas and to impact a wide range of assets, even at relatively small

thicknesses (Jenkins et al. 2017).

8

Leonard et al., (2016) said that volcanic ash is generated in explosive volcanic eruptions,

dispersed by prevailing winds and may be deposited onto communities hundreds or even thousands of

kilometers away. The wide geographic reach of ash falls makes them the volcanic hazard most likely to

affect the greatest number of people.

Foreign Studies

According to the study made by Stewart et al., (2020), he concluded that volcanic ash presents a

widespread and common hazard during and after eruptions. A variety of stakeholders may be concerned

about the effects of ash on human and animal health, drinking water supplies, crops, soils and surface

runoff.

Lebon (2010) mentioned in her research that the particle size of the ash is of high importance when

considering impact on livestock. Animals are more likely to ingest smaller particles both through

respiratory and digestive processes. Smaller particles will also enter the mechanical parts of equipment.

Volcanoes in close proximity to cities pose a serious threat. This is a risk that in the past has received

insufficient attention. As said in the study conducted by Adamov and Vipin (2017), they ranked

Philippines as third in the cities threatened by substantial loss from volcanic ash fall.

Local Studies

According to Delos Reyes (2019) Taal Volcano, 60 km south of Metro Manila in Batangas

Province, is one of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines. With 33 known eruptions, Taal has

caused tremendous impacts on lives, property, economy and environment. The exposure of people and

assets around Taal has increased greatly in recent years with around two million people living within a

35 km radius all at risk to volcanic hazards. The risk from Taal poses multiple challenges for local

volcano disaster risk reduction (DRR) efforts.

9

A related study from PHIVOLCS (2018), said that ash or tephra propelled through the

atmosphere in an eruption plume or an eruption column eventually fall or gravitationally settle over

areas downwind of an erupting volcano, forming blankets of tephra fall or ash fall.

Another study made by Cartier (2020) about the continuous eruption of Taal has observed that

ash from these eruptions formed a 10 to 15 kilometer plume of steam and tephra has affected the

surrounding area with a thick layer of wet ash, mud, and falling debris.
10

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES

This chapter presents the research design, the respondents of the study, the instrument used in

data gathering procedures and statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

The researchers employed the descriptive method of research utilizing the normative essay

technique in order to determine the effect of volcanic ash fall during Taal volcano eruption in the

residents of San Luis, Batangas.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of this study involved fifty (50) respondents to determine the effects of volcanic

ash fall during taal volcano eruption in the residents of San Luis, Batangas. The distribution of

questionnaires to the respondents was utilized to gain the needed information.

Figure 2
Distribution of Respondents as to Sex

Male Female
11

Figure 3
Distribution of Respondents as to Age

18 - 35 years old 36 - 53 years old

54 - 71 years old 72 - 89 years old

Figure 4
Distribution of Respondents as to Address
30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%
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o
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Bo g .M l ag B a n Ab la gg
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Ba

Research Instruments

The questionnaire was used as the main data gathering. It consists of seven parts including

respondent’s profile, things done during volcanic ash fall, initial reaction upon seeing volcanic ash fall,

effect of volcanic ash to health, animals and plants, and preparations to be applied once volcanic ash fall

happens again.
12

Preparation of the Questionnaire

The researchers conducted several reading regarding the topic. The topics and the sub-topics

were organized in a way that everything was in conformity with the problems identified.

Data Gathering and Procedures

The researchers approached the residents of San Luis personally and requested permission to

conduct this study and handed the questionnaires. After the permission granted, the researchers

personally requested the residents of San Luis to accomplish the questionnaires. It took only a day to

attain 100% retrieval of questionnaires.

Statistical Treatment of Data

After carefully studying the answers to the questionnaire, the result was tallied, tabulated and

interpreted in terms of frequency and percentage.

Percentage

This was used to find out the relationship of the parts to its whole in the profile of the

respondents. The formula was used.

%= f/n x 100

Where:

P= Percentage

f= frequency

n=Number of Respondents
13

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND DATA INTERPRETATION

This chapter represents an analysis of data gathered through the questionnaire relate to the

present study.

Table 1.1
Distribution of Respondents as to Sex

Sex f %

Male 16 32%

Female 34 68%

50 100%
n=50

Table 1.1 shows the sex of the respondents. It was noted that 34 or 68% belonged to

female respondents and 16 or 32% belonged to male respondents.

Table 1.2
Distribution of Respondents as to Age

Age f %

18 – 35 years old 14 28%

36 – 53 years old 16 32%

54 – 71 years old 16 32%

72 – 89 years old 4 8%

50 100%
n = 50

This table shows that age of the respondents. Most of the respondents were 36 – 53 years old and

54 – 71 years old with 16 or 32% followed by 18 – 35 years old with 14 or 28%; lastly, 72 – 89 years

old with 4 or 8%.

14

Table 1.3
Distribution of Respondents as to Address

Barangay f %

Bonliw 13 26%

Bagong Tubig 8 16%

Luya 5 10%

Sta. Monica 4 8%

Balagtasin 3 6%

Banoyo 3 6%

San Isidro 2 4%

Abiacao 2 4%

Talon 2 4%

Dulangan 2 4%

Manggahan 2 4%

Locloc 2 4%

Taliba 2 4%

50 100%
n = 50

Table 1.3 shows that most of the respondents are living at Barangay Bonliw with 13 or 26%; there are 8

or 16% of respondents from Barangay Bagong Tubig followed by Barangay Luya with 5 or 10% of the

respondents. Next is 4 or 8% are from Barangay Sta. Monica, Barangay Banoyo and Balagtasin with 3

or 6% and lastly, Barangay San Isidro, Abiacao, Talon, Dulangan, Manggahan, Locloc, and Taliba with

2 or 4% of respondents.

Table 2
First thing done during volcanic ash fall

First thing done f %

15

Being calm 9 18%

Wearing protective clothing
15 30%
and mask
Closing all windows and
20 40%
doors
Secure important things 6 12%
50 100%
n = 50

This table shows that the first thing done during volcanic ash fall was to close all their windows and

doors to avoid the volcanic ash inside their homes with a percentage of 20 or 40%; second is to wear

protective clothing and mask with 15 or 30%; ranked third is being calm with 9 or 18% and finally,

securing their important things with 6 or 12%.

Table 3
Initial reaction upon seeing volcanic ash fall

Initial reaction upon seeing

ƒ %
volcanic ash fall
Scared 31 62%

Calm 12 24%

Nervous 3 6%

Amazed 2 4%

Enraged 1 2%

Shocked 1 2%

50 100%
n = 50
16

Table 3 shows the initial reaction of the respondents upon seeing the volcanic ash fall. Being scared

ranked first with 31 or 62%; remaining calm with 12 or 24%; feeling nervous with 3 or 6%; amazed

with 2 or 4%. Last in rank are enraged and shocked with 1 or 2%.

Table 4.1
Effect of Volcanic Ash Fall to Health

Effect to Health ƒ %

Had trouble in breathing 21 42%

Did not experience any
17 34%
problem with health
Eyes got irritated/ red 11 24%

Cough 1 2%
50 100%
n = 50

Table 4.1 represents the effects of volcanic ash fall to health. According to the respondents, they

experienced a trouble in breathing because of the sulfuric smell of ash fall with the most answers of 21

or 42%; some did not experience any problem with their health with 17 or 34%; others felt that their

eyes got irritated/ red by 11 or 22% of the respondents and lastly, having cough with 1or 2%.

Table 4.2
Effect of Volcanic Ash Fall to Animals

Effect to Animals ƒ %

Have seen signs of weakness 12 24%

Skin/ eye irritation 12 24%

Not seen any negative effect 24 48%

Died 2 4%
50 100%
17

n = 50

Table 5 shows the effect of volcanic ash fall to animals. Most of the respondents said that they

have not seen any negative effect with 24 or 48%; ranked second is that they have seen signs of

weakness and skin/eye irritation with 12 or 24% and lastly, their animals died with 2 or 4%.

Table 4.3
Effects of Volcanic Ash Fall to Plants

Effects to Plants ƒ %

No effect at all 21 42%

Become unhealthy and cannot
18 36%
harvest
Died 10 20%

Yellowish 1 2%
50 100%
n = 50

This table shows that most of the respondents said that there is no effect to their plants with 21 or

42%; others said that their plants became unhealthy and cannot be harvested with 18 or 36%; their plants

died with 10 or 20%. Lastly, the plant became yellowish with 1 or 2%.

Table 5
Preparation once volcanic ash fall happens again

Preparation ƒ %

Stock of ready to eat food 21 42%

Prepare an emergency bag 22 44%

Prepare of stocks of
medicines and protective 5 10%
mask
Secure the house, vehicles,
1 2%
and pets/ animals
Stocks of water 1 2%
18

50 100%
n = 50

This table shows that most of the respondents said that the preparations once the volcanic ash fall

happens again they will prepare an emergency bag with 22 or 44%; stock of ready to eat food with 21 or

42%; stocks of medicine and protective masks with 5 or 10% and secure the house, vehicles, and

pets/animals and stocks water with 1 or 2%.

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter reflects the summary of the findings revealed in the study. Conclusion drawn based
on the findings and recommendation offered based on the conclusion drawn.

Summary and Findings

The study was conducted to find out the “EFFECTS OF VOLCANIC ASH FALL DURING
THE TAAL VOLCANO ERUPTION TO THE RESIDENTS OF SAN LUIS, BATANGAS”.
19

The respondents of this study were residents who experienced the said ash fall. The researchers
employed description method of research and utilized questionnaire in gathering data. The statistical tool
applied was percentage.

In the distribution of the respondents as to gender, most of the respondents are female with a
percentage of 68% while the male got a percentage of 32%.

The age bracket of the respondents that ranked first were 36 – 53 years old and 54 – 71 years old
with a percentage of 32%. The last in rank in the age bracket 72 – 89 years old with a percentage of 8%.

In the distribution of the respondents as to address, most of the respondents are living in
Barangay Bonliw with a percentage of 26%. Least of the respondents are living in Barangay San Isidro,
Abiacao, Talon, Dulangan, Manggahan, Locloc, and Taliba with a percentage of 4%.

Most of the respondents said that the first thing done during volcanic ash fall was to close all
their windows and doors to avoid the volcanic ash inside their homes with a percentage of 40% while
least of the respondents said was securing other important things with a percentage of 12%.

Most of the respondents felt scared upon seeing the volcanic ash fall with a percentage of 62%.
Least common reactions are enraged and shocked with a percentage of 2%.

Most common effect of volcanic ash fall to health is they had trouble in breathing because of
sulfuric smell of ash fall with a percentage of 42%, while least of the common effect of volcanic ash fall
is cough with a percentage of 2%.

Most of the respondents said that they have not seen any negative effect to their animals or pets
with a percentage of 48%, while least common effect of volcanic ash fall to animal is the animal died
with a percentage of 4%.

Most of the respondents said that there is no effect at all to their plants with a percentage of 42 %
and the least common effect to their plants it became yellowish in color with a percentage of 2%.

Most of the respondents said that the preparation once the volcanic ash fall happens again is they
will prepare an emergency bag with a percentage of 44% while the least common preparation that they
will do are to secure their house, vehicles, and pets or animals and have stocks of water with a
percentage of 2%.
20

Conclusion

Based on the findings revealed, the following conclusions were drawn:

1. Most of the respondents are female.

2. Most of the respondents belong to 36 – 53 years old and 54 – 71 years old.
3. Most of respondents are living in Barangay Bonliw.
4. Most of the respondents said that the first thing done during volcanic ash fall was to close all their
windows and doors to avoid the volcanic ash inside their homes.
5. Most of the respondent’s reaction upon seeing the volcanic ash fall is scared.
6. Most common effect of volcanic ash fall to health is they had trouble in breathing because of the
sulfuric smell of ash fall.
7. Most of the respondents said that there’s no effect at all to their plants and animals.
21

8. Most of the respondents said that the preparations once the volcanic ash fall happens again is they
will prepare an emergency bag.

Recommendation

Based on the highlight of the findings and the conclusion drawn, the following recommendation
offered;

1. The Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office of San Luis must conduct a seminar,
talking about Volcanic Eruption Preparedness in order to educate the residents about what do
before, during, and after the said calamity.
2. The residents are advised to stay indoors during volcanic ash fall and wear face mask to avoid
having a trouble in breathing once the said trouble happens again.
22

3. The Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office of San Luis must provide an
emergency plan in case the same scenario will happen again.
4. The future researchers can use this research study as reference data in conducting new researches
or in testing the validity of their findings that is connected in our research topic.

Bibliography

Books

Delos Reyes, P. (2019). An Interdisciplinary study of the Hazards associated with an AO 1754 Style
eruption of Taal Volcano, University of Sydney

Leonard G. S., C. Stewart, T. M. Wilson, V. Sword-Daniels, K. L. Wallace, C. R. Magill, C. J. Horwell,

P. J. Baxter (2016), Observing the Volcano World, pp. 23 – 49, Springer Cham, Manila
23

Miller, V., A.N. Bear-Crozier, V. Newy, N. Horspool, R. Weber (2016), Probabilistic Volcanic Ash
Hazard Analysis, pp. 32, St. Agustin Publishing, Quezon City, Philippines

Sterwart, C., D. E. Damby, I. Tomasek, C. J. Horwell, G. S. Plumlee M. A. Armienta (2020).

Assessment of Elements in Volcanic Ash Fall: A Review and Evaluation of a Standardized Protocol for
Ash Hazard Characterization, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Volume 392.

Wilson, T.M., S. F. Jenkins, and C. Stewart (2015), Volcanic as fall impacts in Global Volcanic Hazards
and Risk, edited by S. C. Loughlin et al., pp. 281 – 288, Cambridge Acad. Press, Cambridge

Published Theses

Adamov, A., K. S. Vipin, (2017) The Destructive Power of Volcanic Ash Fall, Swiss Reinsurance
Company, Zurich, Switzerland.

Bonadonna, C.A., Folch, S. Loughlin, and H. Puempel (2012), Future developments in modelling and
monitoring of volcanic ash clouds: Outcomes from the first IAVCEI-WMO workshop on Ash Dispersal
Forecast and Civil Aviation, Bull. Volcanol., 74, 1 – 10, doi:10.1007/s00445-011-0508-6.

Hampton, S. J., J. W. Cole, G. Wilson, T.M. Wilson, and S. Broom (2015), Volcanic ash fall
accumulation and loading on gutters and pitched roofs from laboratory empirical experiments:
Implication for risk assessment, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 304, 237 – 252, doi:
10.10161/j.jvolgeores.2020.05.02

Jose, S. F., C. R. Magill, T. M. Wilson, K. McMullan, J. Kandlbauer, R. J. Blong, P. Grasso (2017),

Estimating building vulnerability to volcanic ash fall for insurance and other purposes, doi:
10.1186/s13617-017-0054-9

Lebon, S. L. (2010), Volcanic Activity and Environment: Impacts on Agriculture and use of Geological
Data to Improve Recovery Processes, University of Iceland, Iceland.

Electronic Sources

Cartier, K. M. S. (2020). The Risk of the Continuous Eruption of Taal Volcano, The Geophysical Union,
Philippines. (https://eos.org/research/taal-eruption-and-ashfall-continue-thousands-at-risk)
24

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (2018). Introduction to Volcanoes, University of the
Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. (https://phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-
hazard/introduction-to-volcanoes)
25

APPENDICES

APPENDIX “A”
ST. BLAISE COMMUNITY ACADEMY, INC.
Poblacion, San Luis, Batangas

January 10, 2020

To the School Librarian,

Greetings!

We, the grade 12 students of St. Blaise Community Academy, INC in the STEM strand are
conducting a research entitled EFFECTS OF VOLCANIC ASHFALL DURING THE TAAL
VOLCANO ERRUPTION TO THE RESIDENTS OF SAN LUIS, BATANGAS as a requirement in our
Practical Research II subject.
26

In connection with this, we are requesting for your approval in giving us the access to your
library from 8am to 10am on Friday (January 10, 2020). The information that will be gathered will be
used on the Chapter II of our research which is the Review of Related Literature (RRL) and the
Research Study.

We would appreciate your assistance and support in this particular research endeavor. Rest
assured that no books will be damaged or lost. We shall follow the in-house guidelines, rules of the
library and give proper citation to books to be used.

We are looking forward that our request would merit your positive response and cooperation.

Thank you very much and have a productive day ahead!

Very Truly Yours,

Michaela Angela C. Windam
Kennel P. Hernandez
Jhoshua A. Alcayde
Jayson A. Ramirez
Jamille H. Perez
RESEARCHERS
Approved by:

Angelou C. Villostas, LPT

Research Adviser

Noted by:

Isabelita A. Aclan M.A. Ed., RGC

Principal

APPENDIX “B”
ST. BLAISE COMMUNITY ACADEMY, INC.
Poblacion, San Luis, Batangas

February 8, 2020

Dear Respondents:

Attached herewith is a survey questionnaire to gather data and/or information for our research study
entitled: “EFFECTS OF VOLCANIC ASHFALL DURING THE TAAL VOLCANO ERUPTION TO
THE RESIDENTS OF SAN LUIS, BATANGAS”.
27

In this connection, may we ask for your kind indulgence and consideration by answering every question
included in this questionnaire. Rest assured that any information you give will be treated with outmost
confidentiality.

Thank you very much for sharing your precious time and effort.

Respectfully Yours,
Michaela Angela C. Windam
Kennel P. Hernandez
Jhoshua A. Alcayde
Jayson A. Ramirez
Jamille H. Perez
RESEARCHERS

Approved by:

ANGELOU C. VILLOSTAS, LPT

Research Adviser

APPENDIX “C”

ST. BLAISE COMMUNITY ACADEMY, INC.

Poblacion, San Luis, Batangas

“Effects of Volcanic Ash Fall during the Taal Volcano Eruption in the residents of San Luis, Batangas”

QUESTIONNAIRE

This study is being conducted by STEM 12 students as part of their research study. This is a
survey questionnaire about EFFECTS OF VOLCANIC ASH FALL DURING THE TAAL VOLCANO
28

ERRUPTION IN SAN LUIS, BATANGAS. Rest assured that the data to be gathered will be strictly for
research purposes only and will be kept with outmost confidentiality

Directions: Encircle the letter that best fits your answer in each number

1. Profile of Respondents:
1.1 Sex _____
1.2 Age _____
1.3 Address ________________________

2. What is the first thing that you have done during the said ash fall?
A. Being calm
B. Wearing protective clothing and mask
C. Closing all windows and doors to avoid volcanic ash inside homes
D. Secure the important things (certificate, IDs etc.)
E. Others, please specify: ___________________________________

3. What is your initial reaction upon seeing everything covered in volcanic ash fall?
A. Scared
B. Amazed
C. Enraged
D. Calm
E. Others, please specify: ____________________________________

4. What is the effect of volcanic ash fall to your health?

A. I did not experience any problem with my health
B. I had trouble in breathing because of sulfuric smell of ash fall
C. My eyes got red/irritated
D. Others, please specify _____________________________________

5. What is the effect of volcanic ash fall to your livestock animals/pets?

A. I have seen signs of weakness such as loss of appetite in my livestock animals/pets
B. I have noticed that the ash falls resulted into skin/eye irritation
29

C. I have not seen any negative effect, in fact, they are strong and healthy
D. My animals/pets died
E. Others, please specify: _________________________________

6. What is the effect of volcanic ash fall to your plants/crops?

A. There was no effect at all
B. My plants/crops become unhealthy and cannot be harvested after being covered of volcanic
ash
C. My plants/crops died
D. Others, please specify: ____________________________________

7. What could be the preparations that you can apply once the volcanic ash fall happens again?
A. Provide a ready to eat food
B. Prepare an emergency bag that contains clothes/legal documents in case of force evacuation
C. Prepare stocks of medicine and protective masks
D. Secure the house, vehicles and pets/animals
E. Others, please specify: ______________________________________

WINDAM, MICHAELA ANGELA C.

Address: Luya, San Luis, Batangas
Cellphone Number: 09123248759
Email: [email protected]

PERSONAL DATA

Date of Birth : December 08, 2001

Place of Birth : Luya, San Luis, Batangas
30

Age : 18 years old

Gender : Female
Civil Status : Single
Height : 5’5
Weigh t : 60 kg
Nationality : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Language spoken : Filipino and English
Mother’s Name : Girly C. Windam
Father’s Name : Michael Angelo S. Windam

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

SECONDARY: (Junior and Senior High)

St. Blaise Community Academy
Poblacion San Luis, Batangas
2014 - 2020
PRIMARY:
Academia De San Isidro Labrador
Poblacion, San Luis, Batangas
2008 - 2014

CHARACTER REFERENCE

Name : Mrs. Julieta D. Cadiz

Profession : Teacher
Address : Tatlong Maria, Taal, Batangas
Contact No : ------
31

Name : Mrs. Isabelita A. Aclan

Profession : Principal
Address : Taliba San Luis, Batangas
Contact No : 09178076471

I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and
belief.

____________________________
WINDAM, MICHAELA ANGELA
C.

PEREZ, JAMILLE H.
Address: Poblacion, San Luis, Batangas
Cellphone Number: 09309140185
Email: [email protected]

PERSONAL DATA
32

Date of Birth : July 19, 2001

Place of Birth : Poblacion, San Luis, Batangas
Age : 18 years old
Gender : Female
Civil Status : Single
Height : 5’3
Weigh t : 50 kg
Nationality : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Language spoken : Filipino and English
Mother’s Name : Regalada H. Perez
Father’s Name : Paulino C. Perez

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

SECONDARY: (Junior and Senior High)

St. Blaise Community Academy
Poblacion San Luis, Batangas
2014 - 2020
PRIMARY:
San Isidro Elementary School
San Isidro, San Luis, Batangas
2008 - 2014

CHARACTER REFERENCE

Name : Mrs. Julieta D. Cadiz

Profession : Teacher
Address : Tatlong Maria, Taal, Batangas
33

Contact No : ------

Name : Mrs. Isabelita A. Aclan

Profession : Principal
Address : Taliba San Luis, Batangas
Contact No : 09178076471

I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and
belief.

____________________________
PEREZ, JAMILLE H.

RAMIREZ, JAYSON A.
Address: Bagong Tubig, San Luis, Batangas
Cellphone Number: 09661723223
Email: [email protected]

PERSONAL DATA
34

Date of Birth : September 05, 2002

Place of Birth : Bagong Tubig, San Luis, Batangas
Age : 17 years old
Gender : Male
Civil Status : Single
Height : 5’10
Weigh t : 56 kg
Nationality : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Language spoken : Filipino and English
Mother’s Name : Irinea A. Ramirez
Father’s Name : Anastacio S. Ramirez

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

SECONDARY: (Junior and Senior High)

St. Blaise Community Academy
Poblacion San Luis, Batangas
2014 - 2020
PRIMARY:
San Luis Central School
Poblacion, San Luis, Batangas
2008 - 2014

CHARACTER REFERENCE

Name : Mrs. Julieta D. Cadiz

Profession : Teacher
35

Address : Tatlong Maria, Taal, Batangas

Contact No : ------

Name : Mrs. Isabelita A. Aclan

Profession : Principal
Address : Taliba San Luis, Batangas
Contact No : 09178076471

I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and
belief.

____________________________
RAMIREZ, JAYSON A.

ALCAYDE, JHOSHUA G.
Address: Bagong Tubig, San Luis, Batangas
Cellphone Number: 09091227754
Email: [email protected]

PERSONAL DATA
36

Date of Birth : January 18, 2001

Place of Birth : Bagong Tubig, San Luis, Batangas
Age : 18 years old
Gender : Male
Civil Status : Single
Height : 5’2
Weigh t : 49 kg
Nationality : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Language spoken : Filipino and English
Mother’s Name : Marilou G. Alcayde
Father’s Name : Celso M. Alcayde

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

SECONDARY: (Junior and Senior High)

St. Blaise Community Academy
Poblacion San Luis, Batangas
2014 - 2020
PRIMARY:
Academia De San Isidro Labrador
Poblacion, San Luis, Batangas
2008 - 2014

CHARACTER REFERENCE

Name : Mrs. Julieta D. Cadiz

Profession : Teacher
37

Address : Tatlong Maria, Taal, Batangas

Contact No : ------

Name : Mrs. Isabelita A. Aclan

Profession : Principal
Address : Taliba San Luis, Batangas
Contact No : 09178076471

I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and
belief.

____________________________
ALCAYDE, JHOSHUA G.

HERNANDEZ, KENNEL P.
Address: Bonliw, San Luis, Batangas
Cellphone Number: 09387810191
Email:
38

PERSONAL DATA

Date of Birth : November 02, 2002

Place of Birth : Bonliw, San Luis, Batangas
Age : 17 years old
Gender : Male
Civil Status : Single
Height : 5’5
Weigh t : 50 kg
Nationality : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Language spoken : Filipino and English
Mother’s Name : Maxima P. Hernandez
Father’s Name : Marcelo Hernandez

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

SECONDARY: (Junior and Senior High)

St. Blaise Community Academy
Poblacion San Luis, Batangas
2014 - 2020
PRIMARY:
Bonliw Elementary School
Bonliw, San Luis, Batangas
2008 - 2014

CHARACTER REFERENCE

Name : Mrs. Julieta D. Cadiz

39

Profession : Teacher
Address : Tatlong Maria, Taal, Batangas
Contact No : ------

Name : Mrs. Isabelita A. Aclan

Profession : Principal
Address : Taliba San Luis, Batangas
Contact No : 09178076471

I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and
belief.

____________________________
HERNANDEZ, KENNEL P.
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