Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences

Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600

Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section:
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

MODULE 8 – DISS Subject Teacher:

HERMENEUTIC PHENOMENOLOGY
Objectives:
The learners shall be able to:
identify key concepts and approaches in the social sciences,
interpret personal and social experiences using relevant approaches in the social sciences
identify key theorists on hermeneutical phenomenology, and;
evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the approach.

Hermeneutic Phenomenology
- philosophy and method of interpreting human experiences as a means to understand the
question of what it is to be human

Phenomenology – inquiry on how the human mind can grasp the true nature of things as
experienced in the world
- a question of how a thorough examination of experiences of the world can provide a deeper
insight and perception of the world
- prejudgment, prejudice and bias must first be removed in order to grasp the essential nature
of things
- a thing would reveal what it truly is if unnecessary descriptions are removed
- “go back to the things themselves” (describe things for what it truly is reveals its universal truth)

Hermeneutical Phenomenology -
- Attempts to see the truth in things as a means to understand what it is to be human
- Attempts to interpret experiences of the world to find truths which can be used to learn about
human existence or being
- Humans are born in particular historical period, country, community and background
 Human mind is shaped by these factors and is constituitive of how we experience and
interpret the world
- More concerned with how experiences are interpreted and how they generate
- “what is the revelation of the thing means for you”

Proponents:
1. Edmund Husserl – Father of Phenomenology
- to gain understanding of the underlying structures found in everyday experiences and of how
consciousness can grasp these concepts
2. Martin Heidegger – disciple of Husserl, he is credited for having started hermeneutical
phenomenology
- humans are thrown into the world who already possess established rules, norms, standards,
histories and societies
3.Hans Georg Gadamer - extended Heidegger’s work into practical application
- historical tradition enables people to understand one another and interpret texts
- Language: two communicating persons have their own understanding and
interpretation of the world and have their own prejudices
 textual interpretation is made possible as the interpreter finds common ground
with the text in terms of language

Criticisms and Limitations:

1. Lacks the application of scientific method
- intentional since scientific method is even criticized as contrary to perception that holds
no preconceived judgments
- phenomenology is not a method but ways by which consciousness derives meaning
from
Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section:
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

MODULE 8 – DISS Subject Teacher:

HUMAN – ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS

Objectives:
The learners shall be able to:
identify key concepts and approaches in the social sciences,
interpret personal and social experiences using relevant approaches in the social sciences,
distinguish ways by which human – environment interaction shapes cultural and natural
landscapes,
explain environment and social issues through the analysis of spatial distributions, and; spatial
processes

Human – environment Systems – interdisciplinary approaches which study the complex interaction
among human and environment systems
Human systems – various institutions and activities humans created in society
Ex. government policies, industrial waste management, agriculture, etc.
Environment systems – biological, ecological and living and non – living natural systems
Ex. biodiversity of earth, global weather systems, landscapes, etc
- society shapes nature and nature shapes society
- what we do to society affects and changes us

Important Theorist:
1. Urie Bronfrenbenner – developmental psychologist
 Ecological Systems Theory – centered on child development
 5 layer approach in understanding human development
1. Macrosystem – defined by gender, religion, period/era, political ideology, socio-
economic status and culture
2. Exosystem – settings or events that do not have direct effect on the person as the
impact reaches the person through others
- government reforms, social unrest, financial and business crises, new laws, tax
policies, etc.
3. Mesosystem – social groups that include work, family, siblings, peers, church,
neighborhood and school
- interrelationships between an individual’s family and peers affect his development
4. Exosystem – settings or events that the child does not actively participate in but that
have a profound effect on the child’s development
Ex. Child’s parent’s workplace – a father who is continually passed up for promotion
by an indifferent boss at the workplace may take it out on his child and mistreat
them at home
5. Macrosystem – largest and most distant collection of people and places to the
children that still have significant influences on them
- composed of the children’s cultural patterns and values, specifically their
dominant beliefs and ideas, as well as political and economic systems
Ex. Children in war-torn areas will experience a different kind of development than
children in peaceful environments

Limitations and Criticisms

1. Deterministic approach in understanding social phenomena
- presented a highly linear environment that neatly interacts and creates the personhood of
the child
- lack of consideration of the non – linear relations of the system
Ex. Person’s genes makes him anxious (deterministic approach)

Sikolohiyang Pilipino
Objectives:
The learners shall be able to:
explore personal and social experiences using indigenous concepts, and;
evaluate a person’s personality using the core values of Sikolohiyang Pilipino.
Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section:
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

MODULE 8 – DISS Subject Teacher:

Sikolohiyang Pilipino – field of psychology derived from native experiences and knowledge and
based on pro-Filipino point of view
- aims to uncover and comprehend the indigenous consciousness and mentality from the past until
the present with the application of culture – based methods and perspectives

Four Traditions of Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Zeus Salazar)

Accommodative values (colonial)

HIYA (propriety/dignity)
UTANG NA LOOB (gratitude/solidarity)
PAKIKISAMA (esteem/companionship)

Pivotal interpersonal value Linking socio Core

– personal
value value
Confrontation values (surface)
PAKIKIRAMDAM KAGANDAHANGKAPWA LOOB
BAHALA NA (determination)
(shared inner perception) (shared humanity)
(shared identity)
LAKAS NG LOOB guts/courage)
PAKIKIBAKA (resistance)
Value system of Philippine Psychology

Research Methods and Approaches in Sikolohiyang Pilipino

1. Pakikipagkuwentuhan – entails a common scenario of discussing a particular event or issue
within a group of folks
- researcher acts as a mere facilitator of the kwentuhan
2. Panunuluyan (living with the locals) – entails the pakikilahok (participation)of the researcher in
the household activities of his host family
- allows the researcher to live in the same space with his informants and be a kalahok in their
daily activities
3. Pagdadalaw-dalaw (visitation) – entails intermittent visits (dalaw) to the house of the informants
- less invasive for the informants’ personal space and privacy
4. Pagtatanong-tanong (interview) – allows the process of asking questions (pagtatanong) to the
informants about the topic at hand
- rooted on the informants’ perceived importance of concepts and topics
5. Pakikiramdam – centered on the researcher’s practice of pakikiramdam in such a way that he
will gauge the readiness of a potential kalahok (participant) to the research
- the practice will be highly subjective depending on the researcher’s degree of efficiency in
using pakikiramdam
- if the researcher “feels” that a potential informant is not ready for an intensive participation
(panunuluyan), then he could opt for less invasive procedures like pagdadalaw-dalaw or
pakikipagkuwentuhan

Activity:

1. What is the underlying reason why NCR is the region most hit by the pandemic in the
Philippines? Give 2 reasons and explain. Answer in not more than 8 sentences for every
reason.
Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section:
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

MODULE 8 – DISS Subject Teacher:

2. Filipinos are known for facilitating and maintaining good relationships, how would you explain
Pakikisama? Answer not more than 5 sentences.
3. Give 5 positive and 5 negative effects of pakikisama. Relate it to real life situations in the
Philippines. Explain each effect in not more than 3 sentences each.
4. If you are going to anchor your research in Sikolohiyang Pilipino, what is your preferred method
and why? Explain in not more than 8 sentences.

Basis for Scoring:

Content- 10 pts

Organization/ Quality- 10 pts

Grammar and Punctuation- 5 pts

TOTAL: 25 POINTS

Reference:
Jison, J. and Ponsaran, J., 2018. Disciplines and Ideas In The Social Sciences For Senior High School. 1st
ed. 809 EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon City: C&E Publishing Inc.