BIOCHEMISTRY HOMEWORK SET B E.

they require additional cofactor-binding sites for subsequent binding of

Substrate
NAME:
E___10. Which of the following reactions has the largest negative value for
C___1. An individual with pernicious anemia has an inability to metabolize the standard free energy-change (ΔG0′)?
which of the following compounds? A. fructose 1,6-bisphosphate → fructose 6-phosphate
A. acetyl-CoA D. palmitoyl-CoA B. glucose 6-phosphate → fructose 6-phosphate
B. butyryl-CoA E. stearoyl-CoA C. glycerol 3-phosphate → dihydroxyacetone phosphate
C. methylmalonyl-CoA D. glycerol → glycerol 3-phosphate
E. phosphoenolpyruvate → pyruvate
E___2. Conversion of propionyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA requires which of the
following pairs of vitamins? B___11. Which one of the following compounds possesses the least negative
A. vitamin B1 (thiamin) and vitamin B5 (pantothenate) free energy of hydrolysis?
B. vitamin B2 (riboflavin) and vitamin B3 (niacin) A. 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate D. phosphoenolpyruvate
C. vitamin B3 (niacin) and folate B. 3-phosphoglycerate E. thioesters (eg, acetyl-CoA)
D. vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) and vitamin B12 (cobalamin) C. ADP
E. vitamin B12 (cobalamin) and biotin
B___12. Enzymes are efficient catalysts because they can do which of the
C___3. The active hormonal form of vitamin D requires several enzymatic following?
steps. The final step in the synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol occurs A. catalyze reactions that otherwise would not occur
in which of the following tissues? B. decrease the free energy of activation of reactants
A. Bone D. liver C. decrease the standard free-energy change (ΔG0′) of reactions
B. Intestine E. spleen D. prevent the conversion of product to substrate
C. Kidney E. shift the equilibrium of reactions toward more complete conversion to
Product
D___4. A 50yo woman was diagnosed 2 years ago with primary biliary
cirrhosis. Given her diagnosis, she is at greatest risk for becoming deficient in B___13. Which of the following is the mechanism by which allosteric
which of the following? effectors influence enzymatic activity?
A. B1 (thiamin) D. E A. binding at the catalytic site
B. B12 (cobalamin) E. niacin B. changing the conformation of the enzyme
C. C C. forming high-energy complexes with substrate
D. increasing hydration of the active site
E___5. A 50yo man is being examined due to complaints of frequent oily E. protecting against degradation of the enzyme
bowel movements. He indicates that his stools are also difficult to flush
down the toilet. His history indicates chronic pancreatitis and a high level of C___14. Under conditions of anaerobic glycolysis, the NAD+ required by
alcohol consumption. Which of the following laboratory findings is most glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is supplied by a reaction
likely to be increased in this man? catalyzed by which of the following enzymes?
A. erythrocyte count D. platelet count A. glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase D. malate dehydrogenase
B. eosinophil count E. prothrombin time B. α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase E. pyruvate dehydrogenase
C. leukocyte count C. lactate dehydrogenase

C___6. A dietary deficiency of vitamin C would result in a decrease in which D___15. Cytosolic reducing equivalents (NADH) generated by glycolysis in
of the following? the liver, enter the mitochondria for generation of ATP by which of the
A. amount of THF available for one-carbon metabolism following processes?
B. conversion of norepinephrine to epinephrine A. active transport of NADH into the mitochondrion
C. conversion of proline to hydroxyproline B. passive diffusion of NADH into the mitochondrion
D. production of creatine C. transfer of electrons from NADH to NADH reductase at the mitochondrial
E. supply of “active formaldehyde” units surface
D. transfer of electrons to oxaloacetate with transport of malate into the
E___7. Vitamin K is necessary for normal blood coagulation. Which of the mitochondrion
following processes of hemostasis is dependent on the activity of this E. transfer of electrons to pyruvate with transport of lactate into the
vitamin? Mitochondrion
A. it complexes with platelets in the first wave of platelet aggregation
B. it induces the release of von Willebrand factor C___16. Prolonged ethanol consumption and subsequent metabolism
C. it inhibits the activation of the fibrinolytic system ultimately leads to a condition referred to as steatohepatitis or more
D. it initiates the contact phase by activating factor XI (plasma commonly, “fatty liver syndrome.” Ethanol metabolism results in alteration
thromboplastin antecedent) in the activity of which of the following enzymes, one of the consequences of
E. it is a required cofactor for the introduction of gla-residues into which is excess lipid deposition in the liver?
coagulation factors A. fatty acyl-CoA oxidase D. lactate dehydrogenase
B. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase E. pyruvate dehydrogenase
D___8. Drugs that inhibit enzymes in a competitive manner will have which C. glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
of the following effects on the Michaelis-Menten equation derived
parameters: Vmax and/or Km? E___17. Patients with aldolase B gene mutations are required to avoid
A. decrease both Vmax and Km certain foods and products that contain fructose as their consumption can
B. decrease Km but no effect on Vmax lead to significant hypoglycemia. In addition to fructose, consumption of
C. decrease Vmax but no change on Km which of the following carbohydrates must be avoided in these patients?
D. increase Km but no change in Vmax A. Cellulose D. maltose
E. increase Vmax but no increase in Km B. Glucose E. sorbitol
C. Lactose
D___9. Which of the following relates to allosteric enzymes?
A. they are inactive on their substrates in the absence of accessory proteins D___18. Hypothalamic fructose metabolism is associated with an increased
B. they can bind more than one substrate simultaneously desire for food intake. Altered feeding behaviors with fructose consumption
C. they can convert multiple different substrates to product are related to changing levels of which of the following metabolic
D. they possess binding sites for regulatory molecules in addition to intermediates?
substratebinding sites A. acetyl-CoA
B. citrate concentrations are within the reference range. Which of the following is the
C. fructose 2,6-bisphosphate best explanation for this result?
D. malonyl-CoA A. hepatic gluconeogenesis in response to insulin
E. Pyruvate B. hepatic gluconeogenesis in response to glucagon
C. hepatic ketogenesis in response to glucagon
A___19. An advertisement promotes energy bars containing fructose as ideal D. muscle glycogenolysis in response to glucagon
food to take on extreme mountain-climbing expeditions. Which of the E. muscle ketogenesis in response to insulin
following statements concerning fructose absorption is true?
A. absorption of fructose into an intestinal epithelial cell is by facilitated B___28. A 2yo boy with weakness on exertion is found to have a pyruvate
transport and thus does not require energy carboxylase deficiency. Which of the following compounds could this child
B. metabolism of fructose generates more energy than glucose use as a substrate for gluconeogenesis?
C. some fructose is already absorbed in the mouth and hence is the fastest A. Alanine D. proline
way to get energy B. Glycerol E. pyruvate
D. the presence of fructose aids in absorption of vitamin A, C, and D C. Lactate
E. the presence of fructose inhibits reabsorption of glucose, which is then
more readily available for muscle activity C___29. An obese 25-yo woman starts following an extreme low-
carbohydrate, high-fat diet. Which of the following components or
B___20. A defect in which of the following enzymes of galactose metabolism immediate metabolites of her new diet can be used to help maintain
would most likely be associated with hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, and adequate serum glucose concentration?
hyperaminoaciduria? A. Acetoacetate D. hydroxybutyrate
A. galactokinase B. Cholesterol E. palmitate
B. galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase C. Glycerol
C. galactose-4-epimerase
D. phosphoglucomutase D___30. Regulation of glycogen metabolism is tightly controlled at the level
E. UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase of the activity of glycogen phosphorylase. Which of the following is known to
act as a negative effector of the phosphorylated (most active) form of
C___21. Deficiencies in both galactokinase (GALK) and galactose-1- glycogen phosphorylase?
phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) result in galactosemia. Which of the A. AMP D. glucose 6-phosphate
following additional symptoms would be useful in a differential diagnosis to B. cAMP E. protein kinase A
confirm GALK deficiency from GALT deficiency? C. Ca2+
A. Hepatomegaly D. lethargy
B. Hypotonia E. urinary galactitol excretion A___31. Cyclic AMP-independent activation of glycogen breakdown in
C. lenticular cataracts hepatocytes occurs as a result of the binding of which of the following?
A. epinephrine to α1-adrenergic receptors
C___22. The maximum capacity of the liver to carry out gluconeogenesis B. epinephrine to β-adrenergic receptors
during starvation depends upon which of the following? C. glucagon to its receptor
A. activation of glucose 6-phosphatase by insulin D. insulin to its receptor
B. activation of pyruvate kinase by insulin
C. induction of PEP carboxykinase synthesis by glucagon C___32. Epinephrine, released in response to exercise, will lead to
D. inhibition of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase by F1,6BP phosphorylation events that will ultimately exert which of the following
E. inhibition of glucokinase by AMP effects on hepatic glycogen metabolism?
A. activation of adenylate kinase
B___23. A defect in lactate dehydrogenase would require the coupling of B. activation of glycogen synthase
which enzyme reaction to that of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate C. activation of phosphorylase kinase
dehydrogenase in order for effective gluconeogenesis to proceed? D. inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase
A. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase D. pyruvate carboxylase E. inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)
B. malate dehydrogenase E. pyruvate dehydrogenase
C. PEP carboxykinase E___33. Synthesis of glycogen is inhibited in hepatocytes in response to
glucagon stimulation primarily as a result of which of the following?
A___24. During early fasting, glycogen is used as a source of glucose for the A. a decrease in the level of phosphoprotein phosphatase
blood. After liver glycogen is depleted which of the following occurs? B. a decrease in the level of phosphorylated phosphorylase kinase
A. amino acids of muscle proteins are used to synthesize glucose in the liver C. a decrease in the levels of phosphorylated phosphoprotein phosphatase
B. blood glucose falls below 5mM until carbohydrate is eaten inhibitor-1
C. fatty acids of adipose tissue are converted into glucose in the liver D. an increase in the level of the dephosphorylated form of glycogen
D. liver fatty acids are degraded as precursors for blood glucose synthase
E. muscle glycogen is used as a source of glucose for the blood E. an increase in the level of the phosphorylated form of glycogen synthase

D___25. Deficiencies in the enzyme glucose 6-phosphatase are likely to lead C___34. A 28yo man who recently received an injection of epinephrine
to which of the following? following a bee sting now has hyperglycemia. The most likely cause is an
A. decreased glucagon production increase in which of the following processes?
B. decreased skeletal muscle glycogen accumulation A. absorption of carbohydrate from the digestive tract
C. hyperglycemia B. hepatic glycogenesis
D. increased hepatic glycogen accumulation C. hepatic glycogenolysis
E. increased accumulation of unbranched glycogen D. proteolysis in muscle and release of amino acids
E. synthesis of glucose from fat
E___26. Plasma urea concentration is frequently up to 5-fold greater after a
5-day fast than after following a normal diet. This increase in urea C___35. Patients with an inherited deficiency of phosphorylase in skeletal
concentration most likely reflects an increase in which of the following? muscle (McArdle disease) have decreased ability to derive energy from
A. activity of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS I) which of the following?
B. rates of synthesis of ketone bodies A. Glucose D. lactate
C. rates of transport of amino acids into skeletal muscle B. Glycerol E. pyruvate
D. rates of transport of fatty acids into skeletal muscle C. glycogen
E. use of amino acids for hepatic gluconeogenesis

B___27. A normal subject fasts overnight. In the morning serum glucose