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13 Kinetics of Particle: Force and Acceleration: 13.1 Newton's Second Law of Motion

This document discusses equations of motion for particles and systems of particles using Newton's laws. It covers the basic linear equation of motion F=ma and describes how to break this down into components in rectangular, normal/tangential, and cylindrical coordinate systems. Examples are provided to demonstrate solving equations of motion for unknown acceleration, time, position or forces given information about mass, motion, and external forces on a particle. Free-body diagrams and kinetic diagrams are introduced as tools to set up and solve these equations of motion.

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69 views

13 Kinetics of Particle: Force and Acceleration: 13.1 Newton's Second Law of Motion

This document discusses equations of motion for particles and systems of particles using Newton's laws. It covers the basic linear equation of motion F=ma and describes how to break this down into components in rectangular, normal/tangential, and cylindrical coordinate systems. Examples are provided to demonstrate solving equations of motion for unknown acceleration, time, position or forces given information about mass, motion, and external forces on a particle. Free-body diagrams and kinetic diagrams are introduced as tools to set up and solve these equations of motion.

Uploaded by

엄석현
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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13 Kinetics of Particle : Force and

Acceleration

13.1 Newton’s Second Law of Motion


···· kinetics
×

···· equation of motion


×

kinetics : change of motion and unbalanced forces


newton’s second law of motion : equation of motion

F = ma

m : mass, scalar
W : weight, vector, [N]
W = mg

g : 9.81[m/s2 ]
1[kgf] = 9.81[N]

1
13.2 The Equation of Motion
···· resultant force
×

···· free-body diagram, kinetic diagram


×

particle ← resultant force : vector summation



F = ma


free-body diagram : F
kinetic diagram : ma
dynamic equilibrium

F − ma = 0

newton’s first law of motion : a = 0


static equilibrium

F =0

inertial reference frame, newtonian reference frame : coordinate system

2
13.3 Equation of Motion for System of Particles
···· internal force
×

Fig. 13-4
free-body and kinetic diagrams for i-th particle, F i : resultant external force, f i : resultant
internal force
F i + f i = mi a i

the equation of motion for particles of system



Fi + fi = mi a i


f i = 0 : action and reaction

Fi = m i ai

mi = m : total mass of particles, r i : position vector of particles, r G : position vector of

the center-of-mass G of particles, mr G = mi r i

F i = maG

3
13.4 Equations of Motion : Rectangular Coordinates
···· rectangular coordinates
×

Fig. 13-5
the equation of motion for particle

F = ma

xyz components : spatial motion



Fx i + Fy j + Fz k = max i + may j + maz k

xy components : planar motion in x–y plane



Fx i + Fy j = max i + may j

procedure for analysis : knowns → unknowns

• free-body diagram

• equations of motion : friction, spring

• kinematics

Example 13.1, m = 50[kg], θ = 30°, P = 400[N], μk = 0.3, x(0) = 0[m], ẋ(0) = 0[m/s] →
t = 3[s], x ? ẋ ?
mg > P sin 30° → ay = 0
Example 13.2, m = 10[kg], z(0) = 0[m], ż(0) = 50[m/s], FD = 0.01v 2 [N] → ż = 0, z ?
a = −0.001v 2 − 9.81, dv
dt
= −0.001v 2 − 9.81, − 0.001vdv2 +9.81 = dt
0 t
dv
− = dt
v0 0.001v 2 + 9.81 0

t!
Matlab) z̈ + 0.001ż 2 + 9.81 = 0, z
Example 13.3
Example 13.4, support reactions, origin O at point A, m = 2[kg], k = 3[N/m], unstretched
length of 0.75[m], y(0) = 0[m], ẏ(0) = 0[m/s] → y = 1[m], ÿ ? NC ?

4
13.5 Equations of Motion : Normal and Tangential Co-

ordinates
···· normal and tangential coordinates
×

Fig. 13-11
TNB frame : tangential, normal, binormal directions
the equation of motion for particle

F = ma

tnb components : spatial motion of known curved path



Ft ut + F n un + Fb ub = mat + man + mab

tn components : planar motion of known curved path



F t ut + Fn un = mat + man

at = dv/dt : time rate of change in magnitude of velocity


an = v 2 /ρ : time rate of change in direction of velocity → centripetal force
centrifugal force
Example 13.6, m, ρ, v = constant → θ ?
x2
Example 13.8, m = 70[kg], parabolic path of y = 60
− 60, x = 0[m], y = −60[m], ẋ =
−20[m/s], ẏ = 0[m/s] → a ? NA ?

5
13.6 Equations of Motion : Cylindrical Coordinates
···· cylindrical coordinates
×

Fig. 13-16
the equation of motion for particle

F = ma

rθz components : spatial motion



Fr ur + F θ uθ + Fz uz = mar ur + maθ uθ + maz uz

rθ components : planar motion in r–θ plane



F r ur + Fθ uθ = mar ur + maθ uθ

ar = r̈ − rθ̇2
aθ = rθ̈ + 2ṙθ̇
Fig. 13-17, r = f (θ)
rdθ r
tan ψ = =
dr dr/dθ
Example 13.10, horizontal motion, m = 0.5[kg], θ̇ = 3[rad/s] = constant → θ = 45°, F ?
NC ?
Example 13.12, horizontal motion, m = 0.5[kg], spiral path of r = 0.1θ[m], θ̇ = 4[rad/s] =
constant → θ = π[rad], FC ? NC ?

6
13.7

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