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Module 8 Sight Distance

1) Sight distance is the length of roadway ahead visible to the driver and is important for design and safe operation. It refers to the stopping sight distance. 2) Stopping sight distance is calculated based on the running speed, perception-braking reaction time, coefficient of friction, and grade of the roadway. 3) Examples are provided to calculate the minimum sight distance and length of vertical curves needed to provide safe stopping sight distances based on design speed, grade changes, and other factors.

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Jay Tomolin Cabuñas
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1K views

Module 8 Sight Distance

1) Sight distance is the length of roadway ahead visible to the driver and is important for design and safe operation. It refers to the stopping sight distance. 2) Stopping sight distance is calculated based on the running speed, perception-braking reaction time, coefficient of friction, and grade of the roadway. 3) Examples are provided to calculate the minimum sight distance and length of vertical curves needed to provide safe stopping sight distances based on design speed, grade changes, and other factors.

Uploaded by

Jay Tomolin Cabuñas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SIGHT DISTANCE

JAY T. CABUNAS, CE, MSCE, MP, ME-1


WHY SSD IMPORTANT
SIGHT DISTANCE (VERTICAL CURVE)
The length of roadway ahead visible to the driver. For purpose of design
and operation it is termed of stopping sight distance
SAFE STOPPING DISTANCE
𝑠 = 𝑉𝑡 + 𝐷
V = RUNNING SPEED
t = perception time plus action time
𝑉2 f = coefficient of friction
𝐷= if it is moving on a horizontal plane g = 9.81 m/s2
2𝑔𝑓
G = Roadway grade (+uphill, -downhill)
𝑉2
𝐷= if it is moving at a certain grade
2𝑔(𝑓±𝐺)

𝑉2
𝑆 = 𝑉𝑡 +
2𝑔(𝑓 ± 𝐺)
EXAMPLE 1
find the minimum sight distance to avoid a head-on collision of two (2)
cars approaching at 90 kph and 60 kph on an inclined road. The first car
is moving uphill while the second is moving downhill while the second is
moving downhill. Given t = 2.5 sec. f = 0.70, G = -2% and a brake
efficiency of 50% in either vehicles.
STOPPING SIGHT DISTANCE (SUMMIT
CURVE)
CASE 1S < L

CASE S > L
H1 = height of driver’s eye above the pavement (1.14m, 3.75 ft)
H2 = height of object above the pavement (0.15 m, 6 in. )
A = |g1 – g2|
EXAMPLE 3
Determine the minimum length of a crest vertical curve between a +0.5%
grade and a -1.5% grade for a road with an 80 kph design speed. The
vertical curve must provide a stopping sight distance of 180 m to meet
with the required appearance criteria. Round up to the next greatest 20-
m interval. Assume eye-height of 1.07m and object height of 0.15 m.
HEADLIGHT DISTANCE FOR SAG
CURVES
CASE 1: S<L

𝐴𝑆2
𝐿=
200 (ℎ+𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛∅)

CASE 2: S>L

200 ℎ + 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛∅
𝐿 = 2𝑆 −
𝐴

∅ = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑠 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒
h = height of the headlight above the ground
Sight Distance for Sag Curves
CASE 1: S<L ∅ = 10 headlight height = 0.6

𝐴𝑆2
𝐿= 120+3.5𝑆

CASE 2: S > L

120 + 3.5𝑆
𝐿 = 2𝑆 − 𝐴
𝐴𝐾2
Desirable Length of the sag curve L =
395
EXAMPLE 2
The tangent grade of -1.0% meets a +0.5% tangent grade to form a
vertical parabolic sag curve. If the curve must provide a 200m stopping
sight distance and have a 110 kph design speed, determine the
minimum length required. Round-up to the next 20-m interval.
EXAMPLE 3
Compute the minimum length of the parabolic curve that will provide 130 m
stopping sight distance for a design speed of 80 kph at the intersection of a 2.30%
grade and a -4.80%. Assume an eye-height of 1.30 m and object height of 0.2 m.

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