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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

It is an undisputed reality that as time advances, so does the level of

technology that humanity has attained as a whole. With the technology progressing
further and further forward, new levels of information never before seen in any other
point of history is now readily available to most of the human population. However,
the ensuing inevitable demand for these new levels of information from public and
private institutions also arises along with it. Thus, it is imperative that the gathering
of raw data and information be optimized to satisfy this growing demand.

Once information has been gathered, this newly acquired data must be
stored and organized for it to be optimally utilized. The creation and utilization of
databases, or organized collection of data, is an effective method for accomplishing
this goal (Parker, 2003). In light of this, database-management systems (DMBS)
are collections of computer programs made specifically to complete this task with
ease and efficiency (Beal, database, n.d.). DBMS interact with end-users,
applications, and databases to allow for the storage, modification, and extraction of
information from a database (Duckham, 2008).

The Philippine government, specifically its Local Government Units

(LGUs), gathers data and information from and about the Filipino populace in order
to better conduct city, regional, or provincial planning, situational analysis, and
project identification. This enables the government to better maximize the use of
the resources available to it, as well as to satisfyingly meet the needs of the
population. The Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) usually gathers needed data
with the use of survey questionnaires and other traditional means of data gathering
in conducting country-wide censuses (Philippine Statistics Authority, 2017). This
data can also be used to construct barangay community profiles, which serve as

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highly-detailed databases containing the extensive personal information of the

citizens that have taken residence within each barangay.

In the Philippine setting, specifically in Iligan City, Lanao del Norte, the
data gathered for the formulation of community profiles are still gathered and stored
through outdated and traditional means. These include the use of files, documents,
certificates, and other paper equivalents. Data stored in this way cannot be easily
accessed, edited, and saved when the need to do so arises, such as when citizens
decide to relocate their residences from one location to another. This is further
compounded by the fact that there are instances when data from community profiles
need to be altered heavily, extending waiting times and lowering the quality of
service provided. This renders these methods of storing information highly limited
and ineffective for extensive use (Keating, 2016).

Additionally, this sensitive information is also susceptible to the physical

elements – floods, earthquakes, and other natural disasters occur fairly frequently
in the country (Wingard & Anne-Sophie, 2013), and these can easily damage paper
documents. These are ever-present, serious risks not just to the Filipino population
and government officials, but also to administrative establishments and other
government buildings. Furthermore, the collected data currently lacks a digital
equivalent to allow for access using electronic devices, further worsening its
accessibility to Filipino government officials, government employees, and the
general population (Tayao-Juego, 2017).

Because of the aforementioned limitations present in the current method of

data gathering and storage employed in Local Government Units at the barangay
level, the researchers have devised an organized database-management system
software application that possesses features that the concerned government officials
find to be desirable for ease of use and access. The study will also specifically gather
data regarding age, gender, and their correlation among the population of the
involved barangay.

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1.1 Statement of the Problem

The problems that the researcher will encounter include the task of devising
an effective framework and design for the database-management system software
application that addresses the needs of and the problems faced by the LGU of Brgy.
Hinaplanon, Iligan City, and the gathering of data from currently existing
community profiles of the aforementioned barangay.

1.2 Significance of the Study

A database program for storing this kind of data would eliminate all the
previously aforementioned problems that plague the methods currently employed
by Philippine public institutions. Furthermore, a database-management system
software application provides a digital, and possibly online, equivalent to this data.
With this program, data relating to Iligan City community profiles would be made
more accessible to the citizens of the city.

The citizens of Iligan City would be the primary beneficiaries if this

program is to be made manifest. This method of storing data and information
requires less resources and is, therefore, more efficient. Resources that were once
delegated to storing information regarding the community profiles of the city can
now be diverted to other uses. Storing this kind of information in a database
program is more accessible, organized, and efficient than the current, traditional
method of storing data.

As long as access to this data is regularly regulated by the leaders of the

community, data will not be easily corruptible by users with malicious intent.
Should this still occur, the copy of the DBMS computer application can be rendered
further secure and accessible through backing up an earlier version online with the
use of free cloud storage providers. Additionally, a patent can be applied for this

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executable computer software application so that copyright laws and regulations

can protect it.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The primary objective of this study is the development of a database

management system executable computer application designed and formulated for
accomplishing the task of tracking the data that can be found in official Philippine
community profiles, as well as to perform statistical analysis on data gathered from
citizens from Brgy. Hinaplanon, Iligan City. The specific objectives of the study are
as follows…

 To gather relevant information with the use of questionnaire surveys to be

answered by barangay officials, as well as to obtain information from them
regarding their currently existing database for their barangay community
profile.

 To gather data, as per the fields of information present in the official survey
form of Brgy. Hinaplanon, from the citizens residing in several different
households situated in Purok 3, Luinab, Iligan City with the use of a fillable
survey form.

 To establish and demonstrate the relationship present between the age and
sex of the citizens from the gathered data, specifically through the
construction of an age-sex pyramid, calculation of the median age, sex ratio,
dependency ratio, school age and voting age population and percentage, and
senior citizen population among the populations of Brgy. Hinaplanon and
Purok 3, Luinab.

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 To statistically analyze the number of males and females belonging to each

group to determine whether there is a significant difference between the two
with the use of a one-way ANOVA test with 5% level of significance.
 To develop a database-management system through the use of Microsoft
Access 2016 containing features that assist in addressing the needs and
problems faced by the LGU of Brgy. Hinaplanon, then to convert this
system into an executable software application for the turnover of this
application to the LGU of the involved barangay.

1.4 Scope and Limitations

This study aims to be create a database-management system software

application that solves the problems and addresses the issues currently faced by
Local Government Units with regards to the data gathering and storage for the
creation of barangay community profiles. This is only limited to the barangay level
of administration, and excludes the issues faced by higher levels of administration
such as the provincial and national level.

The areas in Iligan that have been involved in the study are the following:
Brgy. Hinaplanon, and Purok 3, Luinab. Among the two, the survey regarding the
digital literacy among barangay officials, the methods the barangay utilizes, and the
application of database-management systems has only been conducted on the
barangay officials of Brgy. Hinaplanon. As such, their responses in the survey, and
the statistical analysis thereof, is not reflective of the entirety of Iligan City itself.
These responses only pertain to and are reflective only of the Local Government
Units that gave these responses. Furthermore, the sample size for the data gathering
of the study amounts to a total of 146 residents – 99 of which were obtained from
the community profile of Brgy. Hinaplanon, while the remaining 57 were obtained
from the survey form filled in by the residents of Purok 3, Luinab.

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The software application will only be created through the utilization of the
features present in the 2016 version of the Microsoft Access application. Thus, there
will be certain limitations inherently present in both the prototype and final versions
of the software application due to the limitations present in Microsoft Access 2016.

1.5 Definition of Terms

 Client – Provides the information or input necessary in a database.

A client cannot have access to information provided by other clients.
 Community Profile – A database that contains information, usually
divided into several criteria, pertaining to a wide range of factors
relevant to members of a certain community.
 Computer – A machine, particularly a programmable electronic
device capable of altering data, performing calculations, processing
information and running software applications.
 Database – An organized body or system of data and information. In
Microsoft Access 2016, this is represented as a table containing data.
 Database Management System (DBMS) – A computer software
application used for the creation, management, and storage of
databases, giving the user an organized way to create, retrieve,
update, and manage data.
 Delete – The removal or erasure of a piece of or a set of data.
 Dependency Ratio – The ratio obtained from the number of
dependents, or the population whose ages are 15 years old or below,
or 65 years or above, to the number of independents, or the
population whose ages are between 15 and 65 years old.
 Edit – The alteration, but not outright deletion, of data.
 Information – Facts that can be provided or received relevant to
some fact or circumstance.

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 Input – Information transmitted by the user to a computer to be used

for various processes.
 Median Age – The age of the entry (in years) found at the middle of
the data entries when arranged either in increasing or decreasing
order if the number of entries is odd, or the mean of the two middle
entries if the number of entries is even.
 Microsoft Access 2016 – A program from the Microsoft Office suite
of applications that functions as a database management system
(DBMS) created by Microsoft, combining Microsoft Jet Database
Engine with a graphical UI (user interface) and software-
development tools.
 Output – Information sent back by a computer to the user after the
computer has performed the necessary processes with the input sent
by the user.
 Process – A cascade of commands sent out by an operating system
to be executed by the computer.
 School Age Population – The members of the population who are of
school age.
 Senior Citizen Population – The members of the population
classified as senior citizens, or whose ages are 60 years old or above.
 Sex Ratio – The ratio obtained from the number of males to the
number of females.
 User – An individual that utilizes a computer for performing
calculations, processing information, and other applications.
 User-Friendly – A quality possessed by a computer application that
allows for convenient and straightforward use even to users that are
not particularly knowledgeable to or skilled in that application.

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 Voting Age Percentage – The percentage of the population who are

eligible to vote during government elections, or whose ages are 18
years old or above.
 Voting Age Population – The members of the population who are
eligible to vote during government elections, or whose ages are 18
years old or above.

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

The chapter states the different literature and studies that were
conducted for the research to gain familiarity that are relevant and similar to the
present study.

2.1 Computerization of Manual or Traditional Profiling System in Various

Disciplines
Perkins (1999) stated that computers have an impressive impact
upon business, governmental agencies, banks, and all sorts of organizations.
Specifically, on how they are operated and managed within different disciplines.
With respect to Gurewich (1999), he stated that the database system makes the work
faster for every institution. For the mere fact that instead of processing things
manually, with the utilization of computer technology, every task is done faster, in
an efficient manner, and effective in its aspect. Furthermore, Stair (1999)
emphasized that the development of technology through the years have enabled us
to do more with less effort. From the orientation of the light bulb to the industrial
revolution and beyond, we have continuously tried to in a more efficient means of
completing tasks, and in a more effective process at the same time.
Supporting the conviction, Janes (2001) stated that computers are
extremely reliable device and powerful calculators with some great accessories
applications similar to word processing problem for all of business activities.
Regardless of size, computers have three advantages over other type of office
equipment that process information due to the fact that computers are efficient,
more accurate and economical. Alongside, Dioso (2001) stated that computers
assist in the aspects of careful intelligent planning, organizing, actuating, and
controlling. This may be observed from the past that computers monitor production
activities, solve scientific problems, and guide in arriving a tentative answer to a
multitude of involved conditions.

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Meanwhile, Malolos, et. al. (2002) stated that the study of

automation is important in a sense that time and effort normally exerted in the
manual process is minimized. Therefore, resulting to a more efficient and effective
method of profiling. Invoking the work of Sander (2002), he believed that
computers are intelligence amplifiers that a human can freely use with time
effectively due to the fact that computers are more efficient and accurate in
electronic symbols, and possesses a data manipulating system which automatically
accept, design, store and process input data and procedure. Output results are under
the direction of the stored program or instruction. Consequently, Reyes (2005) said
that a task would be time-consuming if it is to be accomplished manually. Thus,
leading to a conclusion that with the aid of computers, it would be more practical
and pragmatic.
Similarly, Towsand (2005) stated that a database is a structured
collection of data. The data may be in any type of information in which the objective
of the database is to manage the collection of data for reporting and making
decision. Furthermore, Bryan (2006) emphasized that an information system is a
system consisting of a set of people, procedures, and resources that collects,
transforms, and disseminates information in an organization to those ends that
significantly rely on various types of Information System (IS). The specific types
of Information System might include a simple and manual information system, that
may also be an informal system, and a computer-based information system that
applies hardware, software telecommunication, and other forms of Information
Technology (IT).
Ultimately, Rice (2006) stated that computer enhancements proved
to be more remarkable, and, even for a global communication, to be more accessible
through immediate information system the information technology, that is utilized
by people, is maximized to accomplish specified organizational or individual
object. The modern technology that may be used in gathering, processing, storing,
and disseminating of information. Although, the users are trained in through the
empowerment and assessment in using computer technology in real life situations.

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2.2 Community Profiling System

A community profiling system, or barangay profiling system, as
developed by Saayo (2008), is due to the increasing population of a certain
community, termed as a barangay. In addition, most of the communities in the
Philippines are currently implementing the manual system, wherein a particular
resident spends ample amount of time during in the process of filling of personal
files.
On the other hand, Conde (2007) in his study entitled “Barangay
Profiling System” cited that the manual process of inputting records and manual
handling of information and reports of the residents is laborious and exhaustive.
The proponents developed a computer-based barangay profiling system to solve the
huge amount of task. Culling the work of Dr. Peter G. Knight (2002) in his study,
“The Online Information System”, emphasized that database management systems
can store data (i.e. data files or database) and are usually organized in such a way
that individual pieces of data can be retrieved and modified efficiently without
necessarily accessing any other piece of data in the system.

2.3 Student Profiling System (SPS) Implemented on Universities and

Colleges
Types of profiles such as admission profiles can also include records
of interactions with the applicant, transcripts of interviews, and other relevant data.
In the event that a student is to be accepted, the admissions profile will be used in
generating a specific student profile for purposes of record keeping, within the
profile including records of personal data of a student such as name, address, age,
birthday, sex, and other important details. Moreover, a student profile is also being
maintained by the registrar of an institution. For the past centuries, powerful
enhancements and developments revolutionized and industrialized education. From
teaching and learning through elementary and basic ways to inculcating the minds
and skills of students through efficient, effective, and contemporary way.

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One of the profound methods of student administration is the Student

Profiling System (SPS). Student Profiling System is a scholastic, professional, and
formal discipline withstanding the strategic, managerial, and operational activities
involved in the gathering, processing, storing, distributing, and using pieces of
information, and its relative technologies, in society and various organizations.
Specifically, the aforementioned computer-based profiling system is a certain
system in which complementary networks of hardware or software that people or
organization utilize to gather and collect, filter, process, create and distribute data.
Profiling systems are enforced within a particular organization for the purpose of
developing the effectiveness and efficiency of that organization.
Rona (2011) in her recent study entitled “A Proposed Student
Profiling System for the College of Information Technology, University of La
Salette, Santiago City” implies that the Student Profiling System (SPS) will aid the
time of students in filling the profile information for the student can manage their
time in their studies. The activities that the researchers want to develop are the
computerized profiling system.

2.4 Database Management System

Balter (2013) stated that a database is a collection of all the tables,
queries, forms, reports, macros, and modules that compose a complete system.
Database management system (DBMS) provides users and programmers a
systematic way to create, retrieve, update and manage data. Using a DBMS allows
end users to create, read, update and delete data in a database. It essentially serves
as an interface between the database and end users or application programs,
ensuring that data is consistently organized and remains easily accessible (Rouse,
2015). DBMS is commonly used in various database application such as
computerized library systems, automated teller machines, flight reservation
systems, and computerized parts inventory systems (Beal, n.d.).
Celeste (2004) in her study entitled “Establishment of a Barangay
Database Information System in Region 10” stated that small area statistics is

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important both in national and in local government planning. Planners and policy
makers in the government and the private sector including the academe and research
institutions rely heavily on the information available. In the study, a database was
developed using Microsoft Access. The city of Iligan is piloted to evaluate the
viability of the project. In the implementation of the project, concerns arise such as
the need of financial back-up, specifically for the data generation activities and
database, and the barriers in the establishment such as unfavorable political
intervention, physical or environmental condition, worsening peace and order
condition in the locality and availability of the copy of information generated by
some government departments and agencies.
Fusilero, Magracia and Palencia (2004) in their study, “Barangay
Households Information System (BaHIS): Gearing towards the Production of Small
Area Statistics” stated that to have sound and relevant plans, local government units
(LGUs) have to depend on their social-economic and physical profile – therefore,
database should be accurate, reliable, and timely. Barangay Household Information
System (BaHIS) was designed to provide LGUs the capability to take inventory of
the total population and housing units and their characteristics at the lowest
geographical level. Using Census and Survey Processing System 2.3 (a public
domain data processing software package) a data entry program was developed to
facilitate the processing of questionnaires. They have tested the system by gathering
and analyzing the data on unregistered children in the locality of Barangay Sto.
Niño, Talaingod, Davao del Norte, Barangay Lucod, Baganga, Davao Oriental, and
Barangay Mabila, Sarangani, Davao del Sur. They have concluded that the kind and
availability of timely, accurate and reliable data is crucial to the implementation of
development plans.
Quindatan, Marcos, and Liquigan (n.d) in their study developed a
barangay profiling system for Barangay Nannarian, Peñablanca, Cagayan. In their
study, they found that the barangay profiling system is the best solution of the time
and effort consuming recording and generating reports of residents of the barangay.

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2.5 Microsoft Access as a Databasing Management System

Microsoft Access is an information management tool that helps a
user store information for reference, reporting, and analysis. Moreover, Microsoft
Access functions by storing related data or information together and letting a user
to create a relationship or connection between different things similar to any other
database (MS Access Tutorial, n.d.). Access can be used for a variety of databasing
needs, for which you can use it to develop several general types of application such
as personal application, small-business application, departmental application,
corporation-wide application, front-end applications for enterprise-wide
client/server databases, and web application (Balter, 2013)
Harkins (2008) in her online article, “10+ reasons to use Access (and
a few reasons not to)”, claimed that Microsoft Access may not be the best database
management system, but it offers lot of advantages over other databases. Microsoft
Access is relatively cheap – compared to the majority of databases, it is a desktop
application and cost the same as many other desktop applications, and not like the
other databases like SQL and Oracle, it does not need specific hardware and
expensive licensing. Harkins also claimed that Access can be learned by anybody
in a short span of time and with a reasonable intelligence. Microsoft Access is also
part of the Microsoft Office suite. User can easily export data from or import data
into Excel or publish reports to Word. In addition, it shares the same familiar
interface with other Microsoft Office Applications.

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CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

BARANGAY COLLECTION
( > existing database)
( > community profile)

DATA ANALYSIS
& EVALUATION

CREATION OF GRAPHIC
USER INTERFACE (GUI)

BARANGAY PROFILE
DATABASE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM (DBMS)

Figure 3.1 Research Design

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3.1 Survey Questionnaires for Barangay Officials

The researchers aimed to gather relevant information with the use of

survey questionnaires to be answered by the barangay officials of each respective
subject barangay of the research regarding the digital literacy and application of
database-management system programs in the administration of each subject
barangay of the research, and formulation of community profiles.

The researchers opted and devised a survey questionnaire, for the

barangay officials of each respective subject barangay of the research to answer,
containing the following aspects:

1. Name of Barangay Official;

2. Barangay Position/Rank;

3. Barangay;

4. Barangay Code;

5. Barangay Population;

6. Contact Number;

After completely filling-up the necessary aforementioned general

information page, the researchers also included follow-up questions for the
barangay official to answer. Each question contains choices for the barangay
official to choose. Such follow-up questions are:

1. What databasing methods are currently employed by this government office for
the compiling, storing and retrieving data and information in your barangay?

2. How frequently do you conduct surveys or gather information in your barangay?

3. Do you have any knowledge about digital/paperless databasing? If yes, which of

the following programs have you encountered in the past?

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4. What were the data gathered and stored in your database management system for
community profiles?

The researchers also added a question, unlike the questions beforehand, that
contained no choices, but for the barangay official to deliberately and
comprehensively answer. This question is significant for the research. Thus, the
researchers ultimately added this:

What are the noticeable problems encountered by the barangay in obtaining a

database management system for storing community profiles?

The researchers checked and finalized the raw draft of the survey questionnaire
before finally engaging an arrangement with the barangay official that would be
responsible for confirming the survey questionnaire, along with the researchers’
adviser, to discuss the important matters of the research.

3.2 Survey Form Description & Specifications

The researchers conceived the survey that aims to discern the level of digital
literacy among barangay officials, what methods the barangay officially utilizes in
conducting their surveys, the application of database-management system programs
in the administration of their respective barangays and formulation of community
profiles, and the fields of information present in the tables of these community
profile forms, as well as a small sample size currently present in their latest, most
available community profile.

3.3 Fields of Information Present in Database

The fields of information that are present in the database as follows:

1. Full Name;

2. Age;

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3. Birthplace;

4. Birthdate;

5. Sex;

6. Civil Status;

7. Citizenship; and,

8. Occupation

3.4 Barangay Profile Collection from Communities

The researchers collected the barangay profile of Barangay

Hinaplanon from its respective barangay hall, with the respective consent of the
officials and authorities, in which the researchers conducted a door-to-door personal
interview of the residents of Purok 3-A Luinab to obtain pieces of information that
hold the significant details and content of a barangay profile. Through the proper
confirmation and formal consent from the barangay secretary of Barangay
Hinaplanon, the barangay secretary of Barangay Hinaplanon, Mrs. Janette Castillon
Haim, gave us, the researchers, the right to directly contact her, or other current
barangay officials, if there should be any inquiries or information needed by the
research team to be obtained that can be utilised for further study. A minimum
sample of fifty (50) current residents of Purok 3-A Luinab cooperated with the
conduction of personal interviews between the researchers and residents that
constituted the necessary barangay profile.

It was noted by the researchers that through the formal consent from
the barangay secretary of Barangay Hinaplanon, the researchers were able to
conduct the door-to-door personal interviews professionally and ethically. The
researchers and the residents of Purok 3-A Luinab, as well as the barangay secretary
of Barangay Hinaplanon, came to an agreement that the researchers should maintain

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the confidentiality of information as per resident, and keep with privacy and secrecy
the pieces of information that are about to be obtained and determined from the
personal interviews of each resident.

The barangay profile of Barangay Hinaplanon contained the

following specific information of particular residents under:

1. Full Name;

2. Age;

3. Birthdate;

4. Birthplace;

5. Sex;

6. Civil Status;

7. Citizenship; and,

8. Occupation

The handed sample of the barangay profile contained complete

information. Hence, the research team could utilize this information for specific
purposes, such as further studies and research.

3.5 Data Analysis & Evaluation

From the barangay profile information gathered, the research team

input the pieces of information through the application of Microsoft Access. Each
information was checked twice, and the researchers made sure that the obtained
barangay profile sample of at least fifty (50) residents of Purok 3-A Luinab were
prim and exact. The researchers also made assurances that the determined barangay
profile sample was not manipulated, or such bias applied, and the input of each
information was done with pure honest intentions. The researchers collaborated and

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guided each other as the input was applied to the Microsoft Access. Through the
medium of Microsoft Access, the researchers applied and inputted the various
pieces of information that resulted to specific outputs. In line with this, particular
and specific visual graphs and charts were extracted through display after the input
of the obtained pieces of information from the door-to-door personal interviews of
Purok 3-A Luinab.

The following visual graphs and charts were determined. The

following are to be found under data analysis and evaluation:

1. Median Age;

2. Sex Ratio;

3. Dependency Ratio;

4. School-Age Population Ratio;

5. Voting-Age Population Ratio;

6. Senior Citizens per Household Population; and,

7. Aging Index of Persons Aged Sixty (60) years and over per One-
hundred (100) persons Under the Age of Fifteen (15) years

The aforementioned visual graphs and charts were just the primary
ones that targeted and corresponded the specific goals and objectives of the
researchers. The obtained visual aids were solely for the purpose of data analysis
and evaluation. Through this, the researchers should evaluate the values and facts
that present the research. Other commodities and software, such as Microsoft Excel,
could be used as an alternative for data analysis and evaluation. For purposes of
high efficiency and effectivity, the researchers chose the Microsoft Access for
offering a wider and broader field of options for the researchers to utilize.

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3.6 Creation of Graphic User Interface (GUI)

For the creation of a user-friendly Graphic User Interface (GUI), the 2016
version of Microsoft Access, the official DBMS application from Microsoft, will
be utilized. It contains features allowing for the creation of tables, queries, forms
and reports which will be invaluable for the complete integration of a DBMS
application for tracking community profiles at the barangay level.

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CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1 Existing Database Management System

The barangay Hinaplanon conducts one to two surveys annually to gather

relevant information in their barangay employing traditional database management
system, which utilizes physical papers in compiling and storing data and
information of their community profiles. In retrieving data from their database, the
barangay officials still use the traditional method where they scan the files manually
to retrieve the desired data.

The barangay staffs do not have sufficient knowledge and experience on

digital management system, such as Microsoft Access. As per the barangay staff,
meagre barangay budget hinders the possibility of developing a digital management
system for the community profiles of the barangay.

4.2 Community Profile

Barangays regularly update their community profile mainly consists of, but
not limited to, complete name, age, age, address, birthplace, birthdate, sex, civil
status, citizenship and occupation. From this data, the barangay can have a
background or information about the current situation of the population of the
barangay. Through the available data, the barangay can create a sex-age pyramid,
calculate the median age, and know the sex ratio, dependency ratio, school age and
voting-age population, and senior citizens.

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4.2.1 Sex-Age Pyramid

Of the 156-sample household population in barangay Hinaplanon, Iligan

City, 27.5 percent were under 15 years of age. Children below 5 years old comprised
7.7 percent of the sample household population. Children aged 5 to 9 years
accounted for 10.3 percent of the sample household population, and those aged 10
to 14 years, another 9.6 percent.

In terms of the distribution by age and sex, there were more males than
females in age groups 0 to 54 years, with the males comprising 50.4 percent of these
age groups. In contrast, there were more females than males in the older age group
55 years old and over. The males in these age groups made up 48 percent.

>85
80-84
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-4
5-9
Under 5

15 10 5 0 5 10 15
%Male %female

Figure 4.1. Sex-Age Pyramid of the sample household population

4.2.2 Median Age

The median age of the sample population was 30 years, which means that
half of the household population was younger than 30 years. The median age for
males was 26 years, while that for females, 31 years.

4.2.3 Sex Ratio

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Of the 156 sample household population in barangay Hinaplanon, Iligan

City, 50 percent were males and 50 percent were female. This resulted in a sex ratio
of exactly 1 male per 1 female.

Table 4.1 Sex Ratio of the sample household population

Age group M:F

All ages 78:78

0-14 years old 24:19

15-64 years old 52:54

65 years old and over 2:5

Children under 15 years old had a sex ratio of 126 males for every 100
females, while for those aged 15 to 64 years, the ratio was 96 males per 100 females.
The sex ratio for the age group 65 years old and over was 40 males per 100 females,
depicting the higher mortality of males than females in this age group.

4.2.4 Dependency Ratio

The overall dependency ratio of the sample population was 25:53, which
indicates that 47 percent of the sample population are classified as being
‘dependent’, or whose ages are below 15 years old or above 65 years old.
Furthermore, this implies that for every 53 working-age population (15 to 64 years
old), there were about 25 dependents (21 young dependents and 4 old dependents).

4.2.5 School-Age Population

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The school-age population (5 to 24 years old) comprised 34.6 percent of the

156-sample household population. Of the population who were of school age, the
males made up 57.4 percent, while the females, 42.6 percent.

Table 4.2 School-Age Population of the sample household

population

Total 54

Male 31

Female 23

4.2.6 Voting-Age Population

The voting-age population (18 years old and over) accounted for 69.87
percent of the household population. Of the voting-age population, 47.7 percent
were males and 52.3 percent were female.

Table 4.3 Voting-Age Population of the sample household

population

Total 109

Male 52

Female 57

4.2.7 Senior Citizen Data

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In the Philippines, people who are regarded as senior citizen are those aged
60 years old and over. They made up 9.6 percent of the 156-sample household
population. Among the senior citizens, females (60 percent) outnumbered the males
(40 percent).

The ageing index or the proportion of persons aged 60 years and over per
100 persons under the age of 15 years was computed at 34.9 percent. This means
that there are seven people aged 60 years and over for every twenty children under
15 years old.

4.3 Features of the Developed Database Management System

A database management system for barangay community profiles was

developed using Microsoft Access 2016 containing the following features: keyword
search, filtering, editing, adding and deleting entries, and report generation and
printing.

4.3.1 Keyword Search

In retrieving data from the database, search form can be used to directly scan
and locate the target data together with its other information.

To search for any data in the database, open search form, which can be found
under the list of forms, and input the keyword into the search tab and click search.
The software will scan all the data in the database and display the data
corresponding to the keyword inputted.

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Figure 4.2 Search form

Figure 4.3 Search Form Displaying Entries that Match the Search Textbox

4.3.2 Data Filtering

Data within a table can be sorted in various ways depending on the field of
information involved and what data type it belongs to. A field classified as the Short

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Text, Long Text, or Yes/No data type can be sorted alphabetically (from A to Z, or
from Z to A). Within the database, the fields that can be sorted in this manner are
the Last Name, Given Name, Middle Name, Birthplace, Sex, Civil Status,
Citizenship, and Occupation fields. Fields classified as the Number, Large Number,
Currency, or Calculated data type sorted numerically (smallest to largest, or largest
to smallest). Within the database. the only field that can be sorted in this manner is
the Age field. Fields classified as the Date/Time data type can be sorted by age
(oldest to newest, or newest to oldest). The only field that can be sorted in this
manner is the Birthdate field.

Data within a table can also be filtered to only allow for specific data to be
displayed, rendering the rest of the data hidden. To better filter the database,
multiple simple filters can be applied across different fields. Advanced filters can
also be applied to the database, which make use of a query formulated within the
Query Builder.

To search for any data in the database, open the ‘Search Form’, which can
be found under the list of forms, and input the keyword into the ‘Search’ textbox
before clicking the ‘Search’ button located adjacent to it. The software will scan all
the data in the database and display the data corresponding to the keyword inputted,
starting first with the Last Name. If no matches are found, the Given Names are
scanned to search for any possible matches. All scanned entries within the database
that match the keyword inputted in the ‘Search’ textbox are then displayed.

To filter the data displayed in a table, open the filter options by clicking the
arrow down beside any column header and select the data to be filtered and
displayed.

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Figure 4.4 Data Filtering

4.3.3 Editing, Adding, and Deleting Data Entries

The process of editing the information found in currently existing entries

within the database can be initiated by clicking on the ‘Edit’ button located at the
top area of the Search form. A dialog box will pop up at the center of the screen in
response, displaying all the currently existing entries of the database. Fields for each
entry are also displayed and their values for each entry can then be edited on the
user’s discretion.

Adjacent to the ‘Search’ button is the ‘New’ button. Once clicked, a dialog
box will pop up at the center of the screen, displaying a new entry containing blank
fields. This fields can be filled accordingly at the user’s discretion. Within both the
dialog boxes that pop up when the ‘Edit’ and ‘New’ buttons are clicked, the ‘Delete’
button can be found at the middle-to-bottom right area of the dialog box. Once
clicked, the entry currently being displayed within the dialog box is permanently
deleted from the database.

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Figure 4.5 Edit Entry Figure 4.6 New Entry

4.3.4 Report Generation

Reports regarding the male and female populations, sex ratio, dependency
ratio, and senior citizen population and percentage can be generated by pressing one
of two ‘Report’ buttons located at the top area of the Search form. The first button,
situated to the left, opens the report containing information regarding the number
of males and females within the database, the sex ratio (male to female), and the
population that belongs to the age groups of below 5 years old, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19,
20-24, 25-29, 30-34. 35-39, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59 and 60-64 years old.

On the other hand, the second button, situated to the right. opens the report
that displays the information regarding the dependency ratio (dependent to

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independent), the number and percentage of senior citizens, voting-age population

and percentage, and male and female voting-age percentage within the database, as
well as the population that belongs to the age groups of 65-69. 70-74. 75-79. 80-84,
and above 85 years old.

Figure 4.7 The First Report Figure 4.7 The Second Report

4.3.5 Cloud Storing

Cloud storage of the database file (.accdb) can be done using free cloud
storage provider such as Google Drive, Dropbox, and ICloud. This allows backing-
up of the database in case of computer viruses and corruption.

Utilizing cloud storage can also make sharing the database important, giving
access to the database to chosen individual. It also allows remote access to the
database given that there is an internet access.

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4.3.6 Smartphone Application Access

Select smartphone applications allow for the smartphone to open certain

files with file extensions reserved for files created using DBMS applications, i.e.
the .accdb file extension for Microsoft Access 2016. A number of these applications
are readily available for free download at the Google Play Store for smartphones
using the either Android or iOS operating systems. This allows access of the
database remotely using just only a smartphone.

To access the database on a smartphone, copy the .accdb file on the phone
storage and open the file on the smartphone using the application for the database,
such as View MS Access DB (app developed by Km4Dev).

Figure 4.8 View Mobile Access DB Figure 4.9 View Mobile Access DB

(as seen in the Google Play Store) Screenshot 1

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Figure 4.10 View Mobile Access DB Screenshot 2

4.4. Statistical Findings

The 156 sample household population was analyze using one-way ANOVA
test with 5 percent level of significance. The f-value is equal to zero (0), which is
lower than the critical f value of 4.12. This result implies that the null hypothesis of
the test is not rejected; therefore, there is no significance between the average
number of males and females belonging to each age group.

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CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusions

Based on the responses given by the Local Government Unit of Brgy.

Hinaplanon, the budget allocated for attaining advancements in the field of
databasing was found to be meagre and insufficient, and the barangay office staff
members possess insufficient knowledge to operate DBMS applications such as any
version of Microsoft Access or MySQL. Therefore, it is possible that the Philippine
Government may not be prioritizing improving databasing techniques and methods
for official use.

With the utilization of database management system (DBMS) application

software, the integration of a DBMS with several special features such as Keyword
Search, data filtering, and sex ratio calculation for tracking community profiles at
the barangay level is certainly possible. Information found in the Philippine Census,
such as voting age population, senior citizen population and percentage, and
dependency ratio can also be calculated from within the DBMS.

5.2 Recommendations

The DBMS software application that has been integrated over the course of
this study possesses several features desirable for tracking community profiles at
the barangay level. However, these features may no longer be sufficient for
operating on a larger scale, such as at the provincial, regional, or national level.
Hence, it is recommended that related studies in the future integrate DBMS
applications incorporating more and better features. The researchers recommend

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the following features to be included in future: Keyword Search in real-time, which

displays matching data entries whilst the user is encoding; filtering data entries by
age group; and median age calculation.

In order to acquire more comprehensive and representative results for the

analysis of databasing technology utilized by LGUs, it is recommended that a higher
number of barangay offices and staff members should respond to the survey
questionnaire. Furthermore, higher levels of LGUs (provincial, regional, or
national) should be surveyed in order to arrive at results conclusive to those levels.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Balter, A. (2013, May 10). Why Use Microsoft Access? Retrieved February 21,
2015, from informIT: http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=204
4341&seqNum=3

Beal, V. (n.d.). database. Retrieved February 21, 2018, from Webopedia:

https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/database.html

Beal, V. (n.d.). DBMS - database management system. (QuinStreet Enterprise)

Retrieved February 13, 2018, from Webopedia: https://www.webopedia.com
/TERM/D/database_management_system_DBMS.html

Celeste, R. C. (2004, October 4). ESTABLISHMENT OF A BARANGAY

DATABASE INFORMATION SYSTEM IN REGION 10. Metro Manila,
NCR. Retrieved February 21, 2018, from chrome-extension:
//ecnphlgnajanjnkcmbpancdjoidceilk/content/web/viewer.html?source=ext
ension_pdfhandler&file=http%3A%2F%2Fnap.psa.gov.ph%2Fncs%2F9th
ncs%2Fpapers%2Fsubnational_ESTABLISHMENT.pdf

Duckham, M. (2008). Database Management System (DBMS). In K. K. Kemp, &

K. K. Kemp (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Geographic Information Science.
Waimea, Hawaii, United States of America: SAGE Publications, Inc.
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412953962

Keating, C. (2016, June 9). 4 Problems with Traditional Methods of Data Storage.
Retrieved February 22, 2018, from Zadara Storage Website:
https://www.zadarastorage.com/blog/industry-insights/4-problems-
traditional-methods-data-storage/

Parker, S. P. (Ed.). (2003). McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical

Terms (6th ed.). New York, United States of America: McGraw-Hill
Education. Retrieved February 25, 2018

Philippine Statistics Authority. (2017). Philippine Population Surpassed the 100

Million Mark (Results from the 2015 Census of Population). Census Report,
Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved February 13, 2018, from
https://psa.gov.ph/content/philippine-population-surpassed-100-million-
mark-results-2015-census-population

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Sarne, R. (2017, March 13). BRGY. Profiling System. Retrieved February 21, 2018,
from https://kupdf.com/download/brgy-profiling-system_58c63bb7dc0d604
e69339032_pdf

Tayao-Juego, A. (2017, May 1). PH execs feel urgent need to embrace digital
transformation. Retrieved February 25, 2018, from INQUIRER.net:
http://business.inquirer.net/228629/ph-execs-feel-urgent-need-embrace-
digital-transformation

TechTarget. (2015, January). database management system (DBMS). (M. Rouse, C.

S. Mullins, S. Christiansen, Editors, & TechTarget) Retrieved February 21,
2018, from TechTarget SearchSQLServer: http://searchsqlserver.techtarget.
com/definition/database-management-system

Wingard, J., & Anne-Sophie, B. (2013, October 11). Philippines: A country prone
to natural disasters. Retrieved February 25, 2018, from Deutsche Welle
Official Website: http://www.dw.com/en/philippines-a-country-prone-to-
natural-disasters/a-17217404

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APPENDIX A

LETTER OF CONSENT FOR BARANGAY OFFICIALS

Republic of the Philippines

Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology
College of Education - Integrated Developmental School
Tibanga, Iligan City, P.O. Box No. 5644, Tel. No. (63) 223-2351
Homepage: http://www.msuiit.edu.ph/

February 12, 2018

To whom it may concern,

Greetings of peace!

We are the senior high school students of Integrated Developmental School,

belonging to the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
track, specifically on Non-Chemical Engineering field, conducting a research study
in fulfillment of the requirements of our research course. The research study that
we are working on, entitled “Integration of an Efficient Database Management
System Utilized for Tracking Filipino Community Profiles”, pertains to the
frequency and methods with which data and information are gathered by your local
barangay. We believe you may be able to assist us in this study. This undertaking
requires your input and responses to certain questions which will serve as data and
the basis of the problems to be addressed by this study.

We would like to request your kind cooperation by properly answering the

questionnaire survey, attached to this letter, given by us, researchers, who are
currently conducting a research study. We hope that you will be of assistance to us
in our endeavor.

We would appreciate your kind consideration of this request.

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Sincerely yours,
Recommending Approval:

Andrew Gem Maghanoy

Researcher Prof. Olga Joy Labajo-Gerasta
IDS Research Adviser
Emmanuel Maminta
Researcher

Merwin Andrew Uy
Researcher

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APPENDIX B

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE FOR BARANGAY OFFICIALS

Survey Questionnaire Date: _____________

EVALUATION OF DATABASING METHODS FOR COMMUNITY

PROFILES
OF VARIOUS BARANGAYS IN ILIGAN CITY

General Information:
Name of Official:
Barangay Position:
Barangay:
Barangay Code:
Barangay Population:
Contact Number:

What databasing methods are currently employed by this government office for
compiling, storing and retrieving data and information in your barangay?
❏ Traditional Database System
❏ Digital Database System
❏ None

How frequently do you conduct surveys or gather information in your barangay?

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❏ Weekly to Monthly
❏ Monthly to Quarterly
❏ Quarterly to Semi-annually
❏ Semi-annually to Annually

Do you have any knowledge about digital/paperless databasing? If yes, which of

the following programs have you encountered in the past?
❏ Microsoft Access
❏ Microsoft SQL Server
❏ IBM DB2
❏ Teradata
❏ MySQL
❏ PostgreSQL
❏ MongoDB
❏ SAP ASE (Sybase)
❏ Informix
❏ Oracle RDBMS
❏ Others (Please specify.): __________________

What were the data gathered and stored in your database management system for
community profiles?
❏ Name
❏ Age
❏ Sex
❏ Occupation
❏ Income
❏ Others (Please specify.):
_________________________________________________________

What are the noticeable problems encountered by the barangay in obtaining a

database management system for storing community profiles? (Please specify.)
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

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________________________
Signature over Printed Name

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