Citing Medicine

Chapter 9: Maps
Created: October 10, 2007.
Last Update: May 7, 2008.

• Sample Citation and Introduction

• Citation Rules with Examples
• Examples
Sample Citation and Introduction to Citing Maps
The general format for a reference to a map, including punctuation:
Citing Medicine

Examples of Citations to Maps

Citing Medicine

References to maps are very similar to books, with five major exceptions:
• Authors of maps are termed "cartographers".
• If the area covered by the map is not included in the title, it is added after the title in
square brackets.
• The word map or the specific type of map is given after the title (and area if needed)
in square brackets.
• Numbers of sheets, not pages, are given.
• Description of the map is usually provided, including its scale or projection, its
physical size, and whether it is in color or black and white.
Maps in this section refer to those published as independent sheets. For citing maps
Citing Medicine

appearing in books and atlases, see Chapter 2C Parts of Books.

Continue to Citation Rules with Examples for Maps.

Continue to Examples of Citations to Maps.

Citation Rules with Examples for Maps

Components/elements are listed in the order they should appear in a reference. An R after
the component name means that it is required in the citation; an O after the name means it is
optional.

Author (cartographer) (R) | Author Affiliation (O) | Title (R) | Map Type (R) | Type of
Medium (R) | Edition (R) | Editor and other Secondary Authors (O) | Place of Publication
Page 2

(R) | Publisher (R) | Date of Publication (R) | Pagination (O) | Physical Description (O) |
Series (O) | Language (R) | Notes (O)

Author (cartographer) for Maps (required)

Citing Medicine

General Rules for Author

• List names in the order they appear in the text
• Enter surname (family or last name) first for each author
• Capitalize surnames and enter spaces within surnames as they appear in the
document cited on the assumption that the author approved the form used. For
example: Van Der Horn or van der Horn; De Wolf or de Wolf or DeWolf.
• Convert given (first) names and middle names to initials for a maximum of two
initials following each surname. For example: Smith AB.
• Give all authors, regardless of the number
• Separate author names from each other by a comma and a space
Citing Medicine

• End author information with a period

• See Editor and Other Secondary Authors below if there are authors and editors

Specific Rules for Author

• Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them
• Other surname rules
• Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle
• Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name
• Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III
• Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew) or character-based
languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)
Citing Medicine

• Organizations as author
• No author can be found
• Options for author names

Box 1
Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them
• Keep hyphens in surnames
Estelle Palmer-Canton becomes Palmer-Canton E
Ahmed El-Assmy becomes El-Assmy A
• Keep particles, such as O', D', and L'
Citing Medicine

Alan D. O'Brien becomes O'Brien AD

James O. L'Esperance becomes L'Esperance JO
U. S'adeh becomes S'adeh U
• Omit all other punctuation in surnames
Charles A. St. becomes St James CA

Maps
Page 3

Box 2
Other surname rules
• Keep prefixes in surnames
Citing Medicine

Lama Al Bassit becomes Al Bassit L

Jiddeke M. van de becomes van de Kamp JM
Gerard de Pouvourville becomes de Pouvourville G
• Keep compound surnames even if no hyphen appears
Sergio Lopez Moreno becomes Lopez Moreno S
Jaime Mier y Teran becomes Mier y Teran J
Virginie Halley des Fontaines becomes Halley des Fontaines V
[If you cannot determine from the map whether a surname is compound or a
combination of a middle name and a surname, look to any booklet or other
material accompanying the map for clarification. For example, Elizabeth
Citing Medicine

Scott Parker may be interpreted to be Parker ES or Scott Parker E.]

• Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names. This rule ignores
some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-
language publications.
– Treat a letter marked with diacritics or accents as if it were not marked
Å treated as A
Ø treated as O
Ç treated as C
Ł treated as L
à treated as a
Citing Medicine

ĝ treated as g
ñ treated as n
ü treated as u
– Treat two or more letters printed as a unit (ligated letters) as if they were
two letters
æ treated as ae
œ treated as oe

Box 3
Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle
Citing Medicine

• Disregard hyphens joining given (first or middle) names

Jean-Louis Lagrot becomes Lagrot JL
• Use only the first letter of given names and middle names when they contain a
prefix, a preposition, or other particle
D'Arcy Hart becomes Hart D
W. St. John Patterson becomes Patterson WS
De la Broquerie Fortier becomes Fortier D

Maps
Page 4

Craig McC. Brooks becomes Brooks CM

• Disregard traditional abbreviations of given names. Some non-US publications
use abbreviations of conventional given names rather than single initials, such as
St. for Stefan. Use only the first letter of the abbreviation.
Citing Medicine

Ch. Wunderly becomes Wunderly C

C. Fr. Erdman becomes Erdman CF
• For non-English names that have been romanized (written in the roman
alphabet), capitalize only the first letter when the original initial is represented by
more than one letter
Iu. A. Iakontov becomes Iakontov IuA
G. Th. Tsakalos becomes Tsakalos GTh

Box 4
Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name
Citing Medicine

• Omit degrees, titles, and honors that follow a personal name, such as M.D.
James A. Reed, M.D., F.R.C.S. becomes Reed JA
Kristine Schmidt, Ph.D. becomes Schmidt K
Robert V. Lang, Major, US Army becomes Lang RV
• Omit rank and honors that precede a name, such as Colonel or Sir
Sir Frances Hildebrand becomes Hildebrand F
Dr. Jane Eberhard becomes Eberhard J
Captain R.C. Williams becomes Williams RC
Citing Medicine

Box 5
Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III
• Place family designations of rank after the initials, without punctuation
• Convert roman numerals to arabic ordinals
Examples:
Vincent T. DeVita, Jr. becomes DeVita VT Jr
James G. Jones II becomes Jones JG 2nd
John A. Adams III becomes Adams JA 3rd
Henry B. Cooper IV becomes Cooper HB 4th
Citing Medicine

Box 6
Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew) or
character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)
Romanization, a form of transliteration, means using the roman (Latin) alphabet to
represent the letters or characters of another alphabet. A good authority for romanization
is the ALA-LC Romanization Tables.

Maps
Page 5

• Romanize names in Cyrillic (Russian, Bulgarian, etc.), Greek, Arabic, Hebrew,

or character-based languages, such as Chinese and Japanese
• Capitalize only the first letter of romanized names when the original initial is
represented by more than one letter
Citing Medicine

Iu. A. Iakontov becomes Iakontov IuA

G. Th. Tsakalos becomes Tsakalos GTh
• Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names. This rule ignores
some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-
language publications.
– Treat a letter marked with diacritics or accents as if it were not marked
Å treated as A
Ø treated as O
Ç treated as C
Ł treated as L
Citing Medicine

à treated as a
ĝ treated as g
ñ treated as n
ü treated as u
– Treat two or more letters printed as a unit (ligated letters) as if they were
two letters
æ treated as ae
œ treated as oe

Box 7
Citing Medicine

Organizations as author
An organization such as a university, society, association, corporation, or governmental
body may serve as an author.
• Omit "The" preceding an organizational name
The American Cancer Society becomes American Cancer Society
• If a division or other part of an organization is included in the publication, give
the parts of the name in descending hierarchical order, separated by commas
University of Zimbabwe, Department of Geography
United Nations, Afghanistan Information Management Service
• When citing organizations that are national bodies such as government agencies,
Citing Medicine

if a nationality is not part of the name, place the country in parentheses after the
name, using the two-letter ISO country code (see Appendix D)
National Geographic Society (US)
Royal Geographical Society (GB)
Department of Agriculture (US), Animal and Plant Health Inspection
Service
• Separate two or more different organizations by a semicolon

Maps
Page 6

Photo Mosaic Aero Service Corporation; Geological Survey (US); Atomic

Energy Commission (US)
American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Pediatric Emergency
Medicine; American College of Emergency Physicians, Pediatric Committee
Citing Medicine

• If both individuals and an organization or organizations appear on a map as

cartographers, use the names of the individuals as the author: give the
organization(s) at the end of the reference as a note, if desired
Meuschke JL, Moxham RM, cartographers. Airborne radioactivity survey of
the Tabernacle Buttes area, Sublette and Fremont Counties, Wyoming
[remote-sensing map]. Washington: Geological Survey (US); 1953. 1 sheet:
1:63,360; 36 x 53 cm. Compiled by staff of the Photo Mosaic Aero Service
Corporation, the US Atomic Energy Commission, and the US Geological
Survey.
• For names of organizations in languages other than English:
– Give names in languages using the roman alphabet (primarily European
Citing Medicine

languages, such as French, Italian, Spanish, German, Swedish, etc.) as

they appear in the publication. Whenever possible follow a non-English
name with a translation. Place all translations in square brackets.
Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica del CNR
Universitatsmedizin Berlin
Geografiska Sallskapet i Finland [Geographical Society of Finland]
– Romanize (write in the roman alphabet) or translate names of
organizations in Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, or Hebrew. A good authority for
romanization is the ALA-LC Romanization Tables. Whenever possible
follow a non-English name with a translation. Place all translations in
square brackets.
Citing Medicine

Rossiiskoe Respiratornoe Obshchestvo [Russian Respiratory

Society]
– Translate names of organizations in character-based languages such as
Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. Place all translations in square brackets.
[Japanese Society for Geographical Sciences]
• Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names. This rule ignores
some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-
language publications.
– Treat a letter marked with diacritics or accents as if it were not marked
Å treated as A
Ø treated as O
Citing Medicine

Ç treated as C
Ł treated as L
à treated as a
ĝ treated as g
ñ treated as n
ü treated as u
– Treat two or more letters printed as a unit (ligated letters) as if they were
two letters

Maps
Page 7

æ treated as ae
œ treated as oe
Citing Medicine

Box 8
No author can be found
• If no person or organization can be found as the cartographer but editors or
translators are present, begin the reference with the names of the editors or
translators. Follow the same rules as used for author names, but end the list of
names with a comma and the specific role, that is, editor or translator.
Morrison CP, Court FG, editors.
Walser E, translator.
• If no person or organization can be identified as the cartographer and no editors
or translators are given, begin the reference with the title of the map. Do not use
anonymous.
Citing Medicine

Maiden quadrangle, North Carolina, 1993 [topographic map]. Reston (VA):

Geological Survey (US); 1996. 1 sheet: 1:24,000; Lambert conformal conic
proj.; 68 x 56 cm.; color.

Box 9
Options for author names
The following format is not NLM practice for citing authors, but is an acceptable option:
• Full first names of authors may be given. Separate the surname from the given
name or initials by a comma; follow initials with a period; separate successive
names by a semicolon and a space.
Citing Medicine

Meyers, Keith R.; Lee, Barry; Lee, Michael F., cartographers. Respiratory
cancer death rates, 1950-1979 [Louisiana] [map]. Baton Rouge (LA):
Louisiana State University, Department of Geography and Anthropology;
1984. 2 maps on 1 sheet: 1:2,500,000; 17 x 20 cm.; black & white.

Examples for Author

1. Standard citation to a map
2. Map with designation of family rank for the author (cartographer)
3. Map with an organization as author (cartographer)
4. Map with no author (cartographer) provided
Citing Medicine

Author Affiliation for Maps (optional)

General Rules for Author Affiliation
• Enter the affiliation of all authors or only the first author
• Begin with the department and name of the institution, followed by city and state/
Canadian province/country
• Use commas to separate parts of the address
• Place the affiliation in parentheses. For example: (Department of Earth and
Biological Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA).

Maps
Page 8

• Follow the affiliation with a comma placed outside the closing parenthesis, unless it
is the affiliation of the last author, then use a period

Specific Rules for Author Affiliation

Citing Medicine

• Abbreviations in affiliations
• Organizational names for affiliations not in English
• Names for cities and countries not in English
• E-mail address included

Box 10
Abbreviations in affiliations
• Abbreviate commonly used words in affiliations, if desired. Follow all
abbreviated words with a period.
Examples:
Citing Medicine

Acad. for Academy

Assoc. for Association
Co. for Company
Coll. for College
Corp. for Corporation
Dept. for Department
Div. for Division
Inst. for Institute or Institution
Soc. for Society
Univ. for University
Citing Medicine

See Appendix C for more abbreviations of commonly used English words.

• Abbreviate names of US states and Canadian provinces using their official two-
letter abbreviations. See Appendix E for a list of these.
• Abbreviate names of countries outside of the US and Canada using the two-letter
ISO country code, if desired. See Appendix D for codes of selected countries.
• Be consistent. If you abbreviate a word in one reference in a list of references,
abbreviate the same word in all references.

Box 11
Organizational names for affiliations not in English
Citing Medicine

Give the affiliation of all cartographers or only the first cartographer.

• Begin with the department and name of the organization, followed by the city,
the two-letter abbreviation for the US state or Canadian province (see Appendix
E), and the country name or two-letter ISO country code (see Appendix D) if
non-US. Place the affiliation in parentheses.
• Provide the name in the original language for non-English organizational names
found in the roman alphabet (primarily European languages, such as French,
German, Spanish, Italian, Swedish, etc.)

Maps
Page 9

Carpentier AF (Service de Neurologie, Hopital de la Salpetriere, Paris,

France), Moreno Perez D (Unidad de Infectologia e Inmunodeficiencias,
Departamento de Pediatria, Hospital Materno-Infantil Carlos Haya, Malaga,
Spain), cartographers.
Citing Medicine

• Romanize (write in the roman alphabet) or translate organizational names in

Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, or Hebrew. A good authority for romanization is the
ALA-LC Romanization Tables.
Barbulescu M (Clinica Chirurgicala, Spitalul Clinic Coltea, Bucuresti),
Burcos T, Ungureanu CD, Zodieru-Popa I, cartographers.
Grudinina NA (Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of
Medical Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia), Golubkov VI, Tikhomirova OS,
Brezhneva TV, cartographers.
• Translate organizational names in character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese,
Korean)
Susaki K (First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
Citing Medicine

Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan), Bandoh S, Fujita J, cartographers.

• Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names. This rule ignores
some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-
language publications.
– Treat a letter marked with diacritics or accents as if it were not marked
Å treated as A
Ø treated as O
Ç treated as C
Ł treated as L
à treated as a
ĝ
Citing Medicine

treated as g
ñ treated as n
ü treated as u
– Treat two or more letters printed as a unit (ligated letters) as if they were
two letters
æ treated as ae
œ treated as oe
• Use the English form of names for cities and countries whenever possible. For
example, Vienna for Wien and Spain for Espana. However, the name found on
the publication may always be used.
Citing Medicine

Box 12
Names for cities and countries not in English
• Use the English form for names of cities and countries whenever possible.
However, the name as found on the publication may always be used.
Moskva becomes Moscow
Wien becomes Vienna
Italia becomes Italy

Maps
Page 10

Espana becomes Spain

Box 13
Citing Medicine

E-mail address included

• Follow the US state, Canadian province, or country of the author with a period
and a space
• Insert the e-mail address as it appears on the map
• Do not end an e-mail address with a period
• Place the e-mail address within the closing parenthesis for the author affiliation
Example:
Leitner M (Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State
University, Baton Rouge, LA. [email protected]), cartographer.
Citing Medicine

Examples for Author Affiliation

5. Map showing author (cartographer) affiliation

Title for Maps (required)

General Rules for Title
• Enter the title of a map as it appears in the original document, in the original
language
• Capitalize only the first word of a title, proper nouns, proper adjectives, acronyms,
and initialisms
• Use a colon followed by a space to separate a title from a subtitle, unless some other
form of punctuation such as a question mark, period, or an exclamation point is
Citing Medicine

already present
• Follow non-English titles with a translation whenever possible; place the translation
in square brackets
• End a title with a space

Specific Rules for Title

• Area of map not indicated in the title
• Titles not in English
• Titles in more than one language
• Titles containing a Greek letter, chemical formula, or another special character
Citing Medicine

• No title can be found

Box 14
Area of map not indicated in the title
• If the title of the map does not tell the user the geographic area covered by the
map, place the name for the area after the title, placed in square brackets.
Examples:
Respiratory cancer death rates, 1950-1979 [Louisiana] [map].

Maps
Page 11

Adolescent fertility rates, ages 15 to 19, 1994 [World] [map].

District population per health facility [Kabul] [map].
Pink bollworm quarantine [Southwestern United States] [map].
Citing Medicine

Box 15
Titles not in English
• Provide the title in the original language for non-English titles found in the
roman alphabet (primarily European languages, such as French, German,
Spanish, Italian, Swedish, etc.)
Plano de los transportes publicos del area de salud 1 sur-este de Madrid
[map]. Madrid: Comunidad de Madrid, Consejeria de Sanidad, Direccion
General Planificacion Sanitaria; 2000. 2 maps on 1 sheet: 38 x 65 cm.; color.
Spanish.
• Romanize (write in the roman alphabet) titles if they are in Cyrillic, Greek,
Citing Medicine

Arabic, or Hebrew. A good authority for romanization is the ALA-LC

Romanization Tables.
Vodacka mapa CSFR [map]. Prague: Kartografie Praha; 1991. 1 map on 2
sheets: 1:500,000; 79 x 157 cm.; color. Czech.
• Romanize or translate titles in character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese,
Korean). Place translated titles in square brackets.
Beijing Shi ji ben yi liao bao xian ding dian yi liao ji gou ding dian ling shou
yao dian zhi nan tu [map]. Beijing: Zhongguo di tu chu ban she; 2003. 2
maps on 1 sheet: 52 x 76 cm. and 38 x 38 cm.; color. Chinese.
or
[Local medical facilities and retail pharmacies in Beijing covered by basic
Citing Medicine

medical insurance] [map]. Beijing: Zhongguo di tu chu ban she; 2003. 2

maps on 1 sheet: 52 x 76 cm. and 38 x 38 cm.; color. Chinese.
• Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names. This rule ignores
some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-
language publications.
– Treat a letter marked with diacritics or accents as if it were not marked
Å treated as A
Ø treated as O
Ç treated as C
Ł treated as L
à treated as a
Citing Medicine

ĝ treated as g
ñ treated as n
ü treated as u
– Treat two or more letters printed as a unit (ligated letters) as if they were
two letters
æ treated as ae
œ treated as oe

Maps
Page 12

• Provide an English translation after the original language title whenever possible;
place translations in square brackets
Plano de los transportes publicos del area de salud 1 sur-este de Madrid
[Public transportation plan of the first southeastern health area of Madrid]
Citing Medicine

[map]. Madrid: Comunidad de Madrid, Consejeria de Sanidad, Direccion

General Planificacion Sanitaria; 2000. 2 maps on 1 sheet: 38 x 65 cm.; color.
Spanish.
Beijing Shi ji ben yi liao bao xian ding dian yi liao ji gou ding dian ling shou
yao dian zhi nan tu [Local medical facilities and retail pharmacies in Beijing
covered by basic medical insurance] [map]. Beijing: [China Map
Publishers]; 2003. 2 maps on 1 sheet: 52 x 76 cm. and 38 x 38 cm.; color.
Chinese.
Vodacka mapa CSFR [Map of water sites of the Czechoslovak Federal
Republic] [map]. Prague: Kartografie Praha; 1991. 1 map on 2 sheets:
1:500,000; 79 x 157 cm.; color. Czech.
Citing Medicine

Box 16
Titles in more than one language
• If a map title is written in several languages, give the title in the first language
found on the map and indicate all languages of publication after the pagination.
Separate the languages by commas and end the list with a period.
Brugger EM, cartographer. Asien [map]. Frankfurt (Germany):
Kartographischer Verlag Reinhard Ryborsch; 1992. 1 sheet: 1 cm. = 80 km.;
97 x 135 cm.; color. German, English, French.
• If a map title is presented in two or more equal languages, as often occurs in
Canadian publications, give all titles in the order in which they are given in the
Citing Medicine

text, and place an equals sign between them. Indicate the particular languages,
separated by commas, after the pagination. End the list with a period.
Schwerdt Graphic Arts Ltd., cartographer. Carte de Montreal: communaute
urbaine de Montreal = Montreal city plan: urban community [map]. Whitby
(ON): Peter Heiler Ltd.; 1990. 1 sheet: 1:25,000; 110 x 199 cm.; color.
French, English.

Box 17
Titles containing a Greek letter, chemical formula, or another special
character
• Capitalize the first word of a map title unless the title begins with a Greek letter,
Citing Medicine

chemical formula, or another special character that might lose its meaning if
capitalized
1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin occupational exposure levels in the
Netherlands [map].
von Willebrand distribution [World] [map].
• If a title contains a Greek letter or some other symbol that cannot be reproduced
with the type fonts available, substitute the name for the symbol. For example, Ω
becomes omega.
Trends in γ-linolenic acid production in the United States [map].

Maps
Page 13

or
Trends in gamma-linolenic acid production in the United States [map].
• If a title contains superscripts or subscripts that cannot be reproduced with the
Citing Medicine

type fonts available, place the superscript or subscript in parentheses

TiO2 in waste water in Japan [map].
or
TiO(2) in waste water in Japan [map].

Box 18
No title can be found
• If a map has no formal title, construct a title using the name of the area covered
by the map as the title
• Place the area name in square brackets
Citing Medicine

Example:
[World] [demographic map]. Washington: Bureau of the Census (US),
Center for International Research; 1994. 8 maps on 4 sheets: 1:90,000,000;
20 x 39 cm.; color.

Examples for Title

6. Map with subtitle
7. Map with a title not in English
8. Map with a title not in English with optional translation
9. Map in two equal languages
Citing Medicine

10. Map in multiple languages

11. Map with location added after title
12. Map with constructed title

Map Type (required)

General Rules for Map Type
• A map type alerts the user that the reference is not to a standard book but to a map
• Place the specific type of map, such as demographic map or topographical map,
after the map title, in square brackets
• If the specific type is unknown, simply use the word map
Citing Medicine

• Follow the bracketed map type with a period unless the map is in a non-print
medium (see Type of Medium)

Specific Rules for Map Type

• Specific type of map included

Maps
Page 14

Box 19
Specific type of map included
• As an option, include the specific type of map cited, if known. Place the type in
Citing Medicine

square brackets following the title.

Examples:
Maiden quadrangle, North Carolina, 1993 [topographic map]. Reston (VA):
Geological Survey (US); 1996. 1 sheet: 1:24,000; Lambert conformal conic
proj.; 68 x 56 cm.; color.
Percent of population, 2000. One or more races including Asian [United
States] [demographic map]. Washington: Census Bureau (US), Population
Division; 2001. 1 sheet: 1:20,000,000; 14 x 24 cm.; color.
2000 population distribution in the United States [dot distribution map].
Washington: Census Bureau (US), Geography Division; 2001. 1 sheet: 55 x
66 cm.; black & white.
Citing Medicine

Meuschke JL, Moxham RM, cartographers. Airborne radioactivity survey of

the Tabernacle Buttes area, Sublette and Fremont Counties, Wyoming
[remote-sensing map]. Washington: Geological Survey (US); 1953. 1 sheet:
1:63,360; 36 x 53 cm.
• If the specific type is unknown, simply use the word map within the brackets

Examples for Map Type

13. Map with specific type indicated

Type of Medium for Maps (required)

General Rules for Type of Medium
Citing Medicine

• Indicate the specific type of medium (microfiche, ultrafiche, microfilm, microcard,

etc.) when a map is published in a microform
• Insert the name of the medium within the square brackets for the map type, preceded
by the word on. For example: [map on microfiche].
• Add information about the medium according to the instructions in Physical
Description below
• See Chapter 18 and Chapter 22 for maps in electronic formats

Examples for Type of Medium

29. Map in a microform
Citing Medicine

Edition for Maps (required)

General Rules for Edition
• Indicate the edition/version being cited when a map is published in more than one
edition or version
• Abbreviate common words if desired (see Abbreviation rules for editions)
• Capitalize only the first word of the edition statement, proper nouns, and proper
adjectives

Maps
Page 15

• Express numbers representing editions in arabic ordinals. For example: second

becomes 2nd and III becomes 3rd.
• End the edition statement with a period
Citing Medicine

Box 20
Abbreviation rules for editions
• Abbreviate common words found in edition statements, if desired:

Word Abbreviation

edition ed.

abbreviated abbr.

abridged abr.

American Am.
Citing Medicine

augmented augm.

authorized authoriz.

English Engl.

enlarged enl.

expanded expand.

illustrated ill.

modified mod.

original orig.

reprint(ed) repr.
Citing Medicine

revised rev.

special spec.

translation transl.

translated

For additional abbreviations, see ISO 832:1994 - Rules for the abbreviation of
bibliographic terms.
• Follow abbreviated words with a period and end all edition information with a
period
3rd rev. ed.
Citing Medicine

1st Engl. ed.

Specific Rules for Edition

• Abbreviation rules for editions
• Non-English words for editions
• First editions

Maps
Page 16

Box 21
Non-English words for editions
• For non-English edition statements written in the roman alphabet (French,
Citing Medicine

German, Spanish, Italian, etc.):

– Provide the name in the original language
– Abbreviate common words used in edition statements if the language is a
familiar one
– Capitalize only the first word and proper nouns unless the particular
language requires capitalization of other words
– Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in words. This rule
ignores some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify
rules for English-language publications.
♦ Treat letters marked with a diacritic or accent as if they are not
marked
Citing Medicine

Å treated as A
Ø treated as O
Ç treated as C
Ł treated as L
à treated as a
ĝ treated as g
ñ treated as n
ü treated as u
♦ Treat two or more letters printed as a unit (ligated letters) as if
they are two letters
Citing Medicine

æ treated as ae
œ treated as oe
– Do not convert numbers or words for numbers to arabic ordinals as is the
practice for English language publications. This assists those unfamiliar
with a language and avoids awkward constructions.
– Separate the edition from the title proper by a space
– Retain the punctuation used in the edition statement
– Follow abbreviated words by a period and end the edition information
with a period
Examples:
Citing Medicine

Ed. 1a.
5. ed. interamente riv. e aggiornata.
2. ed. veneta.
Nuova ed.
Seconda ed.
4a ed. rev. e ampliada.
2° ed. ampliada y actualizada.

Maps
Page 17

• For an edition statement written in Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, or Hebrew:

– Romanize (write in the roman alphabet) the words for edition. A good
authority for romanization is the ALA-LC Romanization Tables.
Citing Medicine

– Abbreviate common words used in edition statements if the language is a

familiar one
– Capitalize only the first word and proper nouns unless the particular
language requires capitalization of other words
– Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in words. Treat letters
marked with a diacritic or accent as if they are not marked. This rule
ignores some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify
rules for English-language publications.
Example: ĉ or ç becomes c
– Do not convert numbers or words for numbers to arabic ordinals as is the
practice for English language publications. This assists those unfamiliar
with a language and avoids awkward constructions.
Citing Medicine

– Separate the edition from the title proper by a space

– Retain the punctuation used in the edition statement
– Follow abbreviated words by a period and end all edition information
with a period
Examples:
Izd. 3., perer. i dop.
2. dopunjeno izd.
2. ekd. epeux.
3. ekd.
• For an edition statement written in a character-based language such as Chinese,
Citing Medicine

Japanese, and Korean:

– Transliterate or translate the words for edition
– Do not abbreviate any of the words or omit any words
– Use the capitalization system of the particular language
– Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in words. Treat letters
marked with a diacritic or accent as if they are not marked. This rule
ignores some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify
rules for English-language publications.
Examples:
ŏ becomes o
Citing Medicine

ū becomes u
– Do not convert numbers or words for numbers to arabic ordinals as is the
practice for English language publications. This assists those unfamiliar
with a language and avoids awkward constructions.
– Separate the edition from the title by a space
– Retain the punctuation used in the edition statement.
– End all edition information with a period
Examples:

Maps
Page 18

Shohan.
Dai 1-han.
Dai 3-pan.
Citing Medicine

Di 3 ban.
Cai se ban, Xianggang di 1 ban.
Che 6-p`an.
• To help identify editions in other languages, below is a brief list of Non-English
words for editions with their abbreviations, if any (n.a. = not abbreviated):

Language Word for Edition Abbreviation

Danish oplag n.a.

udgave

Dutch uitgave uitg.

Citing Medicine

editie ed.

Finnish julkaisu julk.

French edition ed.

German Ausgabe Ausg.

Auflage Aufl.

Greek ekdosis ekd.

Italian edizione ed.

Norwegian publikasjon publ.

utgave utg.
Citing Medicine

Portuguese edicao ed.

Russian izdanie izd.

publikacija publ.

Spanish edicion ed.

publicacion publ.

Swedish upplaga n.a.

Box 22
First editions
Citing Medicine

• If a map does not carry any statement of edition, assume it is the first or only
edition
• Use 1st ed. only when you know that subsequent editions have been published
and you wish to cite the earlier one

Examples for Edition

14. Map with an edition

Maps
Page 19

Editor and other Secondary Authors for Maps (optional)

General Rules for Editor and other Secondary Authors
• A secondary author modifies the work of the author. Examples include editors and
Citing Medicine

translators.
• Place the names of secondary authors after the map type and any edition statement
• Use the same rules for the format of names presented in Author (cartographer)
above
• Follow the last named editor with a comma and the word editor or editors; the last
named translator with a comma and the word translator or translators, etc.
• End secondary author information with a period
• If there is no author, move secondary authors such as editors and translators to the
author position in the reference

Specific Rules for Editor and other Secondary Authors

Citing Medicine

• More than one type of secondary author

• Secondary author performing more than one role
• Non-English names for secondary authors
• Organization as editor

Box 23
More than one type of secondary author
A map may occasionally have several types of secondary author
• List all of them in the order they are given in the publication
• Separate each type of author and the accompanying role by a semicolon
Citing Medicine

• End secondary author information with a period

Examples:
Smith BC, editor; Carson HT, translator.
Graber AF, Longstreet RG, translators; Johnson CT, editor.

Box 24
Secondary author performing more than one role
If the same secondary author performs more than one role:
• List all of them in the order they are given in the publication
Citing Medicine

• Separate the roles by "and"

• End secondary author information with a period
Example:
Jones AB, editor and translator.

Maps
Page 20

Box 25
Non-English names for secondary authors
• Translate the word found for editor, translator, or other secondary author into
Citing Medicine

English if possible to assist the reader. However, the wording found on the
publication may always be used.
• Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in words. This rule ignores some
conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-
language publications.
– Treat letters marked with diacritics or accents as if they are not marked
Å treated as A
Ø treated as O
Ç treated as C
Ł treated as L
Citing Medicine

à treated as a
ĝ treated as g
ñ treated as n
ü treated as u
– Treat two or more letters printed as a unit (ligated letters) as if they are
two letters
æ treated as ae
œ treated as oe
• To assist in identifying secondary authors, below is a brief list of non-English
words for them:
Citing Medicine

Language Word for Editor Word for Translator

French redacteur traducteur

editeur

German redakteur ubersetzer

herausgeber dolmetscher

Italian redattore traduttore

curatore

editore
Citing Medicine

Russian redaktor perevodchik

izdatel

Spanish redactor traductor

editor

Maps
Page 21

Box 26
Organization as editor
On rare occasions an organization will be listed as the editor.
Citing Medicine

• Follow the instructions for entering the organizational name found under
Organizations as author
• Place a comma and the word editor after the organizational name
Example:
Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance,
editor.

Examples for Editor and other Secondary Authors

15. Map with editor(s)
Citing Medicine

Place of Publication for Maps (required)

General Rules for Place of Publication
• Place is defined as the city where the map was published
• Follow US and Canadian cities with the two-letter abbreviation for the state or
province (see Appendix E) to avoid confusion when citing lesser known cities or
when cities in different locations have the same name, such as Palm Springs (CA)
and Palm Springs (FL)
• Follow cities in other countries with the name of the country, either written out or as
the two-letter ISO country code (see Appendix D), when citing lesser known cities
or when cities in different locations have the same name, such as London (ON) and
London (England)
Citing Medicine

• Use the anglicized form for a non-US city, such as Vienna for Wein
• End place information with a colon and a space

Specific Rules for Place of Publication

• Non-US cities
• Joint publication
• Multiple places of publication
• No place of publication can be found

Box 27
Non-US cities
Citing Medicine

• Use the anglicized form of a city name, such as Rome for Roma and Moscow for
Moskva, whenever possible. However, the name as found on the publication may
always be used.
• Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in words. This rule ignores some
conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-
language publications.
– Treat letters marked with diacritics or accents as if they are not marked
Å treated as A

Maps
Page 22

Ø treated as O
Ç treated as C
Ł treated as L
Citing Medicine

à treated as a
ĝ treated as g
ñ treated as n
ü treated as u
– Treat two or more letters printed as a unit (ligated letters) as if they are
two letters
æ treated as ae
œ treated as oe
• Follow Canadian cities with the two-letter abbreviation for the name of the
province (see Appendix E), placed in parentheses:
Citing Medicine

Montreal (QC):
Ottawa (ON):
Vancouver (BC):
• If the city is not well known or could be confused with another city of the same
name, follow the city with the country name, either written in full or as the two-
letter ISO country code (see Appendix D). Place the country name or code in
parentheses.
London:
Rome:
Paris:
Madrid:
Citing Medicine

but
Malaga (Spain): or Malaga (ES):
Basel (Switzerland): or Basel (CH):
Oxford (England): or Oxford (GB):
• As an option, use the country name or country code after all cities not in the US
or Canada

Box 28
Joint publication
Citing Medicine

• Two organizations may co-publish a map. Use the city of the first organization
found on the map as the place of publication.
• Place the name of the second organization as a note at the end of the citation, if
desired
1985 national shellfish register of classified estuarine waters: regional maps
of shellfish growing waters [map]. Washington: National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (US); 1985. 4 sheets: 1:2,500,000; 76 x 76 cm.;
color. Co-published by the US Food and Drug Administration.

Maps
Page 23

• Do not give multiple places as place of publication or include multiple publishers

Box 29
Citing Medicine

Multiple places of publication

• If more than one place of publication is found, use the first one or the one set in
the largest type or in bold type. Do not give multiple places.
• As an option, if one place is a US city and the other(s) are not, use the US city

Box 30
No place of publication can be found
• If no place of publication can be found on the map, but one can be found in a
booklet or other publication accompanying the map or can be reasonably inferred
(e.g., New York as the place for a publication of the American Geographical
Citing Medicine

Society), place the city in square brackets, such as [New York]

Percentage of persons not covered by health insurance compared with the
national average, by state: 1992 [United States] [map]. [Washington]:
Census Bureau (US): [1993?]. 1 sheet: 22 x 28 cm.; color.
• If no place of publication can be found, use [place unknown]
Dent BD, cartographer. Arkansas population distribution, with shaded relief
features of the physical landscape [map]. [place unknown]: B.D. Dent;
c1984. 1 sheet: 1:1,000,000; 50 x 57 cm.; color.

Examples for Place of Publication

16. Map with geographic qualifier added to place of publication
Citing Medicine

17. Map with place of publication inferred

18. Map with unknown place of publication

Publisher for Maps (required)

General Rules for Publisher
• Record the name of the publisher as it appears in the map, using whatever
capitalization and punctuation is found there
• Abbreviate well-known publisher names with caution to avoid confusion. For
example, "John Wiley & Sons, Ltd." may become simply "Wiley".
• When a division or other subsidiary part of a publisher appears in the publication,
enter the publisher name first. For example: Louisiana State University, Department
Citing Medicine

of Geography and Anthropology.

• End publisher information with a semicolon and a space

Specific Rules for Publisher

• Abbreviated words in publisher names
• Non-English names for publishers
• Government agencies and other national and international bodies as publisher
• Joint publication

Maps
Page 24

• Multiple publishers
• No publisher can be found

Box 31
Citing Medicine

Abbreviated words in publisher names

• Abbreviate commonly used words in publisher names, if desired
Examples:
Acad. for Academy
Assoc. for Association
Co. for Company
Coll. for College
Corp. for Corporation
Dept. for Department
Citing Medicine

Div. for Division

Inst. for Institute or Institution
Ltd. for Limited
Soc. for Society
Univ. for University
See Appendix C for more abbreviations of commonly used English words.
• Be consistent. If you abbreviate a word in one reference in a list of references,
abbreviate the same word in all references.
• Follow all abbreviated words with a period
Citing Medicine

Box 32
Non-English names for publishers
• Give publisher names appearing in the roman alphabet (French, Spanish, Italian,
etc.) in their original language
Madrid: Comunidad de Madrid, Consejeria de Sanidad, Direccion General
Planificacion Sanitaria; 2000.
• Romanize names given in Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew
Prague: Kartografie Praha; 1991.
• Romanize names or translate names presented in and character-based languages
(Chinese, Japanese, Korean). Place all translated publisher names in square
Citing Medicine

brackets unless the translation is given in the publication.

Beijing: Zhongguo di tu chu ban she; 2003.
[Note that the concept of capitalization does not exist in Chinese. Therefore
in transliterating Chinese publisher names only the first word and proper
nouns are capitalized.].
or
Beijing: [China Map Publishers]; 2003.

Maps
Page 25

• Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in words. This rule ignores some
conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-
language publications.
– Treat letters marked with diacritics or accents as if they are not marked
Citing Medicine

Å treated as A
Ø treated as O
Ç treated as C
Ł treated as L
à treated as a
ĝ treated as g
ñ treated as n
ü treated as u
– Treat two or more letters printed as a unit (ligated letters) as if they are
two letters
Citing Medicine

æ treated as ae
œ treated as oe
• If desired, follow a non-English name with a translation. Place all translated
publisher names in square brackets.
Aarhus (Denmark): Aarhus-Universitetsforlag [Aarhus University Press];
• If the name of a division of other part of an organization is included in the
publisher information, give the names in hierarchical order from highest to
lowest
Valencia (Spain): Universidade de Valencia, Instituto de Ciencia y
Documentacion Lopez Pinero;
Citing Medicine

• As an option, translate all publisher names not in English. Place all translated
publisher names in square brackets unless the translation has been given in the
publication.
Aarhus (Denmark): [Aarhus University Press];

Box 33
Government agencies and other national and international bodies as
publisher
• When citing publishers that are national bodies such as government agencies, if a
nationality is not part of the name, place the country in parentheses after the
name, using the two-letter ISO country code (see Appendix D)
Citing Medicine

National Cancer Institute (US)

National Society on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence (NZ)
Royal Geographical Society (GB)
Royal College of Physicians (AU), Paediatrics & Child Health Division
• Do not confuse the publisher with the distributor who disseminates documents
for the publisher. For example, the most common distributors of US government
agency publications are the US Government Printing Office (GPO) and the
National Technical Information Service (NTIS). Designate the agency that issued

Maps
Page 26

the map as the publisher and include distributor information as a note, preceded
by "Available from:" .
Thorson TD, cartographer. Ecoregions of Oregon [map]. Reston (VA):
Geological Survey (US), National Health and Environmental Effects
Citing Medicine

Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division; 2004. 1 sheet: 33 x 44 cm,;

color. Available from: US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC; I
19.79:EC 7/OR/2004.

Box 34
Joint publication
• Two organizations may co-publish a map. Use the first organization appearing on
the map as the publisher.
• Place the name of the second organization as a note at the end of the citation, if
desired
Citing Medicine

• Do not give more than one name as publisher

Example:
1985 national shellfish register of classified estuarine waters: regional maps
of shellfish growing waters [map]. Washington: National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (US); 1985. 4 sheets: 1:2,500,000; 76 x 76 cm.;
color. Co-published by the US Food and Drug Administration.

Box 35
Multiple publishers
• If more than one publisher is found on a map, use the first one given or the one
Citing Medicine

set in the largest type or bold type

• An alternative is to use the publisher likely to be most familiar to the audience of
the reference list. For example, use an American publisher for a US audience and
a London publisher for a British one.
• Do not list multiple publishers. For those maps with joint or co-publishers, use
the name given first as the publisher and include the name of the second as a note
if desired. For example, use "Jointly published by the Royal Geographical
Society".
• End publisher information with a semicolon
Example:
1985 national shellfish register of classified estuarine waters: regional maps
Citing Medicine

of shellfish growing waters [map]. Washington: National Oceanic and

Atmospheric Administration (US); 1985. 4 sheets: 1:2,500,000; 76 x 76 cm.;
color. Co-published by the US Food and Drug Administration.

Box 36
No publisher can be found
• If no publisher can be found, use [publisher unknown].

Maps
Page 27

Mathewson KM, cartographer. Recent unexplained mass mortality of marine

fauna: a look at ocean nuclear waste dumps as possible sources of stress
[Northeast Atlantic Ocean] [map]. New York: [publisher unknown]; 2004. 1
sheet: 117 x 105 cm.; color.
Citing Medicine

Examples for Publisher

19. Map with subsidiary division of the publisher
20. Map published by governmental or other national/international organization
21. Map with joint or co-publisher
22. Map with unknown publisher

Date of Publication for Maps (required)

General Rules for Date of Publication
• Always give the year of publication
Citing Medicine

• Convert roman numerals to arabic numbers. For example: MM to 2000.

• Include the month of publication, if desired, after the year, such as 2004 May
• Use English names for months and abbreviate them to the first three letters, such as
Jan
• End date information with a period

Specific Rules for Date of Publication

• Multiple years of publication
• Non-English names for months
• Date of publication and date of copyright
Citing Medicine

• No date of publication, but a date of copyright

• No date of publication or copyright can be found
• Options for date of publication

Box 37
Multiple years of publication
• For multiple years of publication, separate the first and last year of publication by
a hyphen. Do not shorten the second of the two years to the last two digits.
2002-2003
1997-1998
1999-2000
Citing Medicine

• If months are given, place them after the year. Use English names for months and
abbreviate them using the first three letters.
1999 Oct-2000 Mar
2002 Dec-2003 Jan
• Separate multiple months of publication by a hyphen
2005 Jan-Feb
1999 Dec-2000 Jan

Maps
Page 28

• Separate multiple seasons by a hyphen; for example, Fall-Winter. Do not

abbreviate names of seasons.

Box 38
Citing Medicine

Non-English names for months

• Translate names of months into English
• Abbreviate them using the first three letters
• Capitalize them
Examples:
mayo = May
luty = Feb
brezen = Mar
Citing Medicine

Box 39
Date of publication and date of copyright
Some maps have both a date of publication and a date of copyright. A copyright date is
identified by the symbol ©, the letter "c", or the word copyright preceding the date.
• Use only the date of publication unless three or more years separates the two
dates
• In this situation, use both dates, beginning with the year of publication
• Precede the date of copyright by the letter "c"
• Separate the dates by a comma and a space. For example, "2002, c1997".
Citing Medicine

This convention alerts a user that the information in the publication is older than the date
of publication implies.

Box 40
No date of publication, but a date of copyright
• A copyright date is identified by the symbol ©, the letter "c", or the word
copyright preceding the date. If no date of publication can be found, but the
publication contains a date of copyright, use the date of copyright preceded by
the letter "c"; for example c2005.
Cincinnati and vicinity [map]. Lake Monroe (FL): Universal Map; c2002. 1
sheet: 2 1/4 inch = 1 mile;123 x 183 cm.; color.
Citing Medicine

Box 41
No date of publication or copyright can be found
• If neither a date of publication nor a date of copyright can be found, but a date
can be estimated because of material contained in the map itself or on
accompanying material, place a question mark after the estimated date and place
date information in square brackets

Maps
Page 29

Percentage of persons not covered by health insurance compared with the

national average, by state: 1992 [United States] [map]. [Washington]:
Census Bureau (US): [1993?]. 1 sheet: 22 x 28 cm.; color.
• If neither a date of publication nor a date of copyright can be found nor can the
Citing Medicine

date be estimated, use [date unknown]

Aces Products, cartographer. Navajo Nation, U.S.A., P.H.S., Indian Health
Service [map]. Window Rock (AZ): Indian Health Service (US), Navajo
Area; [date unknown]. 1 sheet: 1:1,600,000; 26 x 31 cm.; color.

Box 41a
Options for date of publication
It is not NLM policy, but the following is an acceptable option:
The date of information may follow the author names in the list of references when the
name-year system of in-text references is used
Citing Medicine

• Use the year of publication only

• Place the year after the last named author, followed by a period
• End publisher information with a period
NLM citation:
Thorson TD, cartographer. Ecoregions of Oregon [map]. Reston (VA):
Geological Survey (US), National Health and Environmental Effects
Research Laboratory, West Ecology Division; 2004.
Name-year system of citation:
Thorson TD, cartographer. 2004. Ecoregions of Oregon [map]. Reston (VA):
Geological Survey (US), National Health and Environmental Effects
Citing Medicine

Research Laboratory, West Ecology Division.

Examples for Date of Publication

23. Map with month included in date of publication
24. Map with date of copyright instead of publication
25. Map with date of publication estimated
26. Map with unknown date of publication

Pagination for Maps (optional)

General Rules for Pagination
Citing Medicine

• Provide the total number of sheets on which the map appears

• Follow the sheet total with a space and the word sheet or sheets
• End pagination information with a colon and a space, unless no Physical Description
is provided, then use a period

Specific Rules for Pagination

• More than one map on a sheet or more than one sheet per map

Maps
Page 30

Box 42
More than one map on a sheet or more than one sheet per map
• If more than one map appears on a sheet, include this information with the
Citing Medicine

pagination. Place the number of maps before the number of sheets.

2 maps on 1 sheet: 1:2,500,000; 17 x 20 cm.; black & white.
10 maps on 1 sheet: 23 x 17 cm. and 10 x 7 cm.; color.
8 maps on 4 sheets: 1:90,000,000; 20 x 39 cm.; color.
• If a map appears on more than one sheet, include this information with the
pagination
2 sheets: 1:4,500,000; sheets 92 x 62 cm.; color.
8 maps on 4 sheets: 1:90,000,000; 20 x 39 cm.; color.

Examples for Pagination

Citing Medicine

27. Map pagination and physical description

Physical Description for Maps (optional)

General Rules for Physical Description
• Begin with the scale of the map, followed by a semicolon and a space. For example:
1:250,000;
• Enter the size of the map in centimeters, followed by a semicolon and a space. For
example: 80 x 44 cm.;
• Indicate if the map is in color or black & white
• End the map description with a period
Citing Medicine

• Give information on the physical characteristics if a map is published in a

microform (microfilm, microfiche, etc.). For example: 1 microfiche: black & white,
negative, 2 x 4 in.

Specific Rules for Physical Description

• Language for describing map characteristics
• Language for describing microform characteristics

Box 43
Language for describing map characteristics
• Describe map characteristics using the features listed below
Citing Medicine

– Give each feature as it is found on the map

– Abbreviate measures used if desired
centimeters = cm.
inches = in.
miles = mi.
kilometers = km.
– Separate one feature from another by a semicolon and a space
– End the last of the features with a period

Maps
Page 31

• Scale
Examples:
1:45,000
Citing Medicine

1:2,125,000
2 1/4 in. = 1 mi.
1 cm. = 80 km.
• Size in centimeters
Examples:
33 x 44 cm.
123 x 183 cm.
If more than one map is found on a sheet and they differ in size, include all
sizes:
2 maps on 1 sheet: 52 x 76 cm. and 38 x 38 cm.; color
Citing Medicine

• Color or black & white

Examples:
1 sheet: 1:1,600,000; 26 x 31 cm.; color.
2 maps on 1 sheet: 1:2,500,000; 17 x 20 cm.; black & white.
• Projection is also sometimes found on a map
– Use whatever wording is found on the map
– Abbreviate projection to proj. if desired
– Place projection information following the scale (or following the
number of sheets if no scale is provided)
Citing Medicine

Examples:
1 sheet: 1:24,000; Lambert conformal conic proj.; 68 x 56 cm.;
color.
1 sheet: 1:54,109,440; Winkel tripel proj.; 46 x 74 cm.; color.
8 maps on 1 sheet: 1:15,600,000; Azimuthal equidistant proj.; 26 x
20 cm. and 60 x 50 cm.; color.

Box 44
Language for describing microform characteristics
If a map is published on microfiche, microfilm, or microcards:
Citing Medicine

• Begin with information on the number and type of physical pieces, followed by a
colon and a space
2 microfiche:
3 microcards:
1 reel: [of microfilm]
• Enter information on the physical characteristics, such as color and size.
Abbreviate common words for measurement, such as in. for inches and mm. for
millimeters. Separate types of information by commas.

Maps
Page 32

Typical words used include:

color
black & white
Citing Medicine

positive
negative
4 x 6 in. (standard microfiche size)
3 x 5 in. (standard microcard size)
35 mm. (a standard microfilm size)
16 mm. (a standard microfilm size)
Examples of complete physical description statements:
3 microfiche: color, positive, 4 x 6 in.
5 microcards: black & white, 3 x 5 in.
1 reel: black& white, negative, 35 mm.
Citing Medicine

• Place any microform description after the map characteristics

Examples for Physical Description

27. Map pagination and physical description
28. Map physical description showing projection
29. Map in a microform

Series for Maps (optional)

General Rules for Series
• Begin with the name of the series
Citing Medicine

• Capitalize only the first word and proper nouns

• Follow the name with any numbers provided. For example, vol. 3 for a volume or
no. 12 for an issue number.
• Separate the title and the number by a semicolon and a space
• Place series information in parentheses
• End series information with a period, placed outside the closing parenthesis

Examples for Series

30. Map in a series

Language for Maps (required)

Citing Medicine

General Rules for Language

• Give the language of publication if other than English
• Capitalize the language name
• Follow the language name with a period

Specific Rules for Language

• Maps appearing in more than one language

Maps
Page 33

Box 45
Maps appearing in more than one language
• If the text of a map is written in several languages, give the title in the first
Citing Medicine

language found on the map and indicate all languages of publication after the
pagination. Separate the languages by commas.
Brugger EM, cartographer. Asien [map]. Frankfurt (Germany):
Kartographischer Verlag Reinhard Ryborsch; 1992. 1 sheet: 1 cm. = 80 km.;
97 x 135 cm.; color. German, English, French.
• If a map appears in two or more equal languages, as often occurs in Canadian
publications, give all titles in the order in which they are presented on the map,
with an equals sign between them. Indicate the particular languages, separated by
a comma, after the pagination and description.
Schwerdt Graphic Arts Ltd., cartographer. Carte de Montreal: communaute
urbaine de Montreal = Montreal city plan: urban community [map]. Whitby
Citing Medicine

(ON): Peter Heiler Ltd.; 1990. 1 sheet: 1:25,000; 110 x 199 cm.; color.
French, English.
• If none of the languages is English, follow the title with a translation whenever
possible. Place the translation in square brackets.
Brugger EM, cartographer. Asien [Asia] [map]. Frankfurt (Germany):
Kartographischer Verlag Reinhard Ryborsch; 1992. 1 sheet: 1 cm. = 80 km.;
97 x 135 cm.; color. German, English, French.

Examples for Language

7. Map with a title not in English
8. Map with a title not in English with optional translation
Citing Medicine

9. Map in two equal languages

10. Map in multiple languages

Notes for Maps (optional)

General Rules for Notes
• Notes is a collective term for any type of useful information given after the citation
itself
• Complete sentences are not required
• Be brief

Specific Rules for Notes

Citing Medicine

• Map accompanied by written or other material

• Other types of material to include in notes

Box 46
Map accompanied by written or other material
• If a booklet or other supplemental material accompanies a map, begin by citing
the map

Maps
Page 34

• Add the phrase "Accompanied by:" followed by a space and the number and type
of material
Examples:
Citing Medicine

Accompanied by: 1 booklet.

Accompanied by: World's most populous cities, lesson plan, 16 p.

Box 47
Other types of material to include in notes
• If a map contains material of particular interest to the audience that may not be
apparent from the title, describe it
Veterans Health Services and Research Administration [United States]
[map]. Rev. ed. Washington: Department of Veterans Affairs (US); 1991. 1
sheet: 28 x 43 cm.; color. Shows VA regional offices, medical centers, and
outpatient clinics.
Citing Medicine

AIDS and HIV in Latin America and the Caribbean [map]. Washington:
Central Intelligence Agency (US); 1993. 2 maps on 1 sheet: 40 x 75 cm.;
color. Information taken from reports to World Health Organization, Pan
American Health Organization, USAID, and from official estimates in
various countries.
Mathes MV, Waldron MC, cartographers. Distribution of fluoride in ground
water of West Virginia [map]. Charleston (WV): Geological Survey (US);
1993. 1 sheet: 1:2,125,000; 32 x 36 cm.; black & white. Prepared in
cooperation with the West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey.
• If the map is a US government publication and may be obtained from the US
Government Printing Office or the National Technical Information Service,
provide the name and location of the service and the acquisition number. Begin
Citing Medicine

with the phrase "Available from" followed by a colon and a space

Thorson TD, cartographer. Ecoregions of Oregon [map]. Reston (VA):
Geological Survey (US), National Health and Environmental Effects
Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division; 2004. 1 sheet: 33 x 44 cm.;
color. Available from: US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC; I
19.79:EC 7/OR/2004.
• Give the name of a library or other archive where the map may be found. Begin
with the phrase "Located at" followed by a colon and a space
Brugger EM, cartographer. Asien [map]. Frankfurt (Germany):
Kartographischer Verlag Reinhard Ryborsch; 1992. 1 sheet: 1 cm. = 80 km.;
97 x 135 cm.; color. German, English, French. Located at: Ohio State
Citing Medicine

University Library, Columbus, Ohio; G7400 1992 .K3.

Examples for Notes

31. Map with note
Examples of Citations to Maps
1. Standard citation to a map
Buchholz D, cartographer. Street map, San Diego, southern area [map]. Oceanside (CA):
Global Graphics; 2000. 1 sheet: 1:45,000; 89 x 68.5 cm.; color.

Maps
Page 35

Davies DH, Wheeler RG, cartographers. Zimbabwe population distribution, August 1982
[map]. Causeway (Zimbabwe): Zimbabwe Surveyor-General; 1985. 1 sheet: 1:1,000,000; 78
x 88 cm.; color.
Citing Medicine

2. Map with designation of family rank for the author (cartographer)

Giese GL, Mason RR Jr, cartographers. Low-flow characteristics of streams in North
Carolina [map]. Raleigh (NC): Geological Survey (US); 1991. 2 sheets: 1:2,125,000; 73 x
106 cm.; color.

3. Map with an organization as author (cartographer)

Aces Products, cartographer. Navajo Nation, U.S.A., P.H.S., Indian Health Service
[Southwestern United States] [map]. Window Rock (AZ): Indian Health Service (US),
Navajo Area; [date unknown]. 1 sheet: 1:1,600,000; 26 x 31 cm.; color.

Rwanda, Ministere de la Sante, cartographer. Rwanda health facilities [map]. Kigali

(Rwanda): MINISANTE; 2000. 1 sheet: 60 x 92 cm.; color.
Citing Medicine

4. Map with no author (cartographer) provided

Sample PSUs for the health interview survey (HIS), 1980 redesign [United States] [map].
Washington: Bureau of the Census (US), Geography Division; 1986. 1 sheet: 1:5,000,000;
66 x 97 cm.; color.

Pink bollworm quarantine [Southwestern United States] [map]. Washington: Department of

Agriculture (US), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; 1997. 1 sheet: 18 x 27 cm.;
color.

5. Map showing author (cartographer) affiliation

Davies DH (Department of Geography, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe),
Wheeler RG, cartographers. Zimbabwe population distribution, August 1982 [map].
Citing Medicine

Causeway (Zimbabwe): Zimbabwe Surveyor-General; 1985. 1 sheet: 1:1,000,000; 78 x 88

cm.; color.

6. Map with subtitle

American Nuclear Society, cartographer. Commercial nuclear power stations around the
world: operable, under construction or ordered, September 1991 [map]. La Grange Park
(IL): Nuclear News; 1991. 7 maps on 1 sheet: 59 x 136 cm.; black & white.

7. Map with a title not in English

Plano de los transportes publicos del area de salud 1 sur-este de Madrid [map]. Madrid:
Comunidad de Madrid, Consejeria de Sanidad, Direccion General Planificacion Sanitaria;
2000. 2 maps on 1 sheet: 38 x 65 cm.; color. Spanish.
Citing Medicine

Beijing Shi ji ben yi liao bao xian ding dian yi liao ji gou ding dian ling shou yao dian zhi
nan tu [map]. Beijing: Zhongguo di tu chu ban she; 2003. 2 maps on 1 sheet: 52 x 76 cm.
and 38 x 38 cm.; color. Chinese.

Vodacka mapa CSFR [Czechoslovak Federal Republic] [map]. Prague: Kartografie Praha;
1991. 1 map on 2 sheets: 1:500,000; 79 x 157 cm.; color. Czech.

Maps
Page 36

8. Map with a title not in English with optional translation

Plano de los transportes publicos del area de salud 1 sur-este de Madrid [Public
transportation plan of the first southeastern health area of Madrid] [map]. Madrid:
Comunidad de Madrid, Consejeria de Sanidad, Direccion General Planificacion Sanitaria;
Citing Medicine

2000. 2 maps on 1 sheet: 38 x 65 cm.; color. Spanish.

Beijing Shi ji ben yi liao bao xian ding dian yi liao ji gou ding dian ling shou yao dian zhi
nan tu [Local medical facilities and retail pharmacies in Beijing covered by basic medical
insurance] [map]. Beijing: Zhongguo di tu chu ban she; 2003. 2 maps on 1 sheet: 52 x 76
cm. and 38 x 38 cm.; color. Chinese.

Vodacka mapa CSFR [Map of water sites of the Czechoslovak Federal Republic] [map].
Prague: Kartografie Praha; 1991. 2 sheets:1:500,000; 79 x 157 cm.; color. Czech.

9. Map in two equal languages

Schwerdt Graphic Arts Ltd., cartographer. Carte de Montreal: communaute urbaine de
Montreal = Montreal city plan: urban community [map]. Whitby (ON): Peter Heiler Ltd.;
Citing Medicine

1990. 1 sheet: 1:25,000; 110 x 199 cm.; color. French, English.

10. Map in multiple languages

Brugger EM, cartographer. Asien [map]. Frankfurt (Germany): Kartographischer Verlag
Reinhard Ryborsch; 1992. 1 sheet: 1 cm. = 80 km.; 97 x 135 cm.; color. German, English,
French.

11. Map with location added after title

District population per health facility [Kabul] [map]. Kabul (Afganistan): United Nations,
Afghanistan Information Management Service; 2004. 1 sheet: 61 x 84 cm.; color.

Pink bollworm quarantine [Southwestern United States] [map]. Washington: Department of

Citing Medicine

Agriculture (US), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; 1997. 1 sheet: 18 x 27 cm.;
color.

Distribution of helminthiases [World] [map]. New York: American Geographical Society;

c1952. 15 maps on 1 sheet: 38 x 67 cm.; color.

12. Map with constructed title

[World] [demographic map]. Washington: Bureau of the Census (US), Center for
International Research; 1994. 8 maps on 4 sheets: 1:90,000,000; 20 x 39 cm.; color.

13. Map with specific type indicated

Meuschke JL, Moxham RM, cartographers. Airborne radioactivity survey of the Tabernacle
Citing Medicine

Buttes area, Sublette and Fremont Counties, Wyoming [remote-sensing map]. Washington:
Geological Survey (US); 1953. 1 sheet: 1:63,360; 36 x 53 cm.

Maiden quadrangle, North Carolina, 1993 [topographic map]. Reston (VA): Geological
Survey (US); 1996. 1 sheet: 1:24,000; Lambert conformal conic proj.; 68 x 56 cm.; color.

One or more races including Asian [United States] [demographic map]. Washington: Census
Bureau (US), Population Division; 2001. 1 sheet: 1:20,000,000; 14 x 24 cm.; color.

2000 population distribution in the United States [dot distribution map]. Washington:
Census Bureau (US), Geography Division; 2001. 1 sheet: 55 x 66 cm.; black & white.

Maps
Page 37

14. Map with an edition

Richmond Virginia: includes downtown enlargement, indexed streets, place names,
shopping centers, schools, airports, hospitals, places of worship, parks & recreation, and
much more [map]. 2nd ed. Alexandria (VA): ADC of Alexandria; c1994. 1 sheet: 1:36,000;
Citing Medicine

66 x 97 cm.; color.

Veterans Health Services and Research Administration [United States] [map]. Rev. ed.
Washington: Department of Veterans Affairs (US); 1991. 1 sheet: 28 x 43 cm.; color.

15. Map with editor(s)

Wood M, Keates JS, cartographers. Scotland, population distribution on the night of 23
April, 1961 [map]. Caird JB, Diamond DR, editors. Glasgow: William Collins & Sons Col.;
1965. 1 sheet: 1:500,000; 91 x 72 cm.; color.

16. Map with geographic qualifier added to place of publication

Hagstrom map of Ulster County, New York: fully street-indexed, U.S., state, interstate
Citing Medicine

highways, Catskill Park, golf courses and country clubs, schools, hospitals, points of
interest, zip codes, rr routes [map]. Maspeth (NY): Hagstrom Map Co.; c1997. 1 sheet:
1:42,000; 143 x 133 cm.; color.

17. Map with place of publication inferred

Percentage of persons not covered by health insurance compared with the national average,
by state: 1992 [United States] [map]. [Washington]: Census Bureau (US): [1993?]. 1 sheet:
22 x 28 cm.; color.

18. Map with unknown place of publication

Dent BD, cartographer. Arkansas population distribution, with shaded relief features of the
physical landscape [map]. [place unknown]: B.D. Dent; c1984. 1 sheet: 1:1,000,000; 50 x 57
Citing Medicine

cm.; color.

19. Map with subsidiary division of the publisher

Ghana, maternal malnutrition by region: percent mothers with children under 3 years who
are malnourished [map]. Legon (Ghana): University of Ghana, Centre for Social Policy
Studies; 1998. 1 sheet: 59 x 41 cm.; color.

District population per health facility [Kabul] [map]. Kabul (Afghanistan): United Nations,
Afghanistan Information Management Service; 2004. 1 sheet: 61 x 84 cm.; color.

20. Map published by governmental or other national/international organization

U.S. Navy and Marine Corps guide to Native American groups [United States] [map].
Washington: Navy Department (US), Office of the Assistant Secretary; 1996. 2 sheets:
Citing Medicine

1:4,500,000; 92 x 62 cm.; color.

Thorson TD, cartographer. Ecoregions of Oregon [map]. Reston (VA): Geological Survey
(US), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology
Division; 2004. 1 sheet: 33 x 44 cm.; color.

21. Map with joint or co-publisher

1985 national shellfish register of classified estuarine waters: regional maps of shellfish
growing waters [United States] [map]. Washington: National Oceanic and Atmospheric

Maps
Page 38

Administration (US); 1985. 4 sheets: 1:2,500,000; 76 x 76 cm.; color. Co-published by the

US Food and Drug Administration.

22. Map with unknown publisher

Citing Medicine

Mathewson KM, cartographer. Recent unexplained mass mortality of marine fauna: a look
at ocean nuclear waste dumps as possible sources of stress [Northeast Atlantic Ocean]
[map]. New York: [publisher unknown]; 2004. 1 sheet: 117 x 105 cm.; color.

23. Map with month included in date of publication

Adolescent fertility rates, ages 15 to 19, 1994 [World] [map]. Washington: Bureau of the
Census (US), Center for International Research; 1994 Feb. 1 sheet: 1:90,000,000; 20 x 39
cm.; color.

24. Map with date of copyright instead of publication

Cincinnati and vicinity [map]. Lake Monroe (FL): Universal Map; c2002. 1 sheet: 2 1/4 in.
= 1 mi.; 123 x 183 cm.; color.
Citing Medicine

25. Map with date of publication estimated

Percentage of persons not covered by health insurance compared with the national average,
by state: 1992 [United States] [map]. [Washington]: Census Bureau (US): [1993?]. 1 sheet:
22 x 28 cm.; color.

26. Map with unknown date of publication

Aces Products, cartographer. Navajo Nation, U.S.A., P.H.S., Indian Health Service
[Southwestern United States] [map]. Window Rock (AZ): Indian Health Service (US),
Navajo Area; [date unknown]. 1 sheet: 1:1,600,000; 26 x 31 cm.; color.

27. Map pagination and physical description

Citing Medicine

Mathes MV, Waldron MC, cartographers. Distribution of fluoride in ground water of West
Virginia [map]. Charleston (WV): Geological Survey (US); 1993. 1 sheet: 1:2,125,000; 32 x
36 cm.; black & white.

Veterans Health Services and Research Administration [United States] [map]. Rev. ed.
Washington: Department of Veterans Affairs (US); 1991. 1 sheet: 28 x 43 cm.; color.

U.S. Navy and Marine Corps guide to Native American groups [United States] [map].
Washington: Navy Department (US), Office of the Assistant Secretary; 1996. 2 sheets:
1:4,500,000; 92 x 62 cm.; color.

Meyers KR, Lee B, Lee MF, cartographers. Respiratory cancer death rates, 1950-1979
[Louisiana] [map]. Baton Rouge (LA): Louisiana State University, Department of
Citing Medicine

Geography and Anthropology; 1984. 2 maps on 1 sheet: 1:2,500,000; 17 x 20 cm.; black &
white.

28. Map physical description showing projection

Maiden quadrangle, North Carolina, 1993 [topographic map]. Reston (VA): Geological
Survey (US); 1996. 1 sheet: 1:24,000; Lambert conformal conic proj.; 68 x 56 cm.; color.

Natural hazards of North America [map]. Washington: National Geographic Society (US);
c1998. 8 maps on 1 sheet: 1:15,600,000; Azimuthal equidistant proj.; 26 x 20 cm. and 60 x
50 cm.; color.

Maps
Page 39

Millennium in maps. Population [World] [map]. Washington: National Geographic Society

(US); 1998. 1 sheet: 1:54,109,440; Winkel tripel proj.; 46 x 74 cm.; color.

29. Map in a microform

Citing Medicine

Hutson SS, cartographer. Ground-water use by public supply systems in Tennessee in 1988
[map on microfiche]. Nashville (TN): Geological Survey (US); 1991. 1 sheet: 1:1,490,000;
18 x 59 cm.; color. 1 microfiche: color, positive, 4 x 6 in.

30. Map in a series

Loiselle MC, Horn MA, Medalie L, cartographers. Estimated withdrawals and use of
freshwater in Maine, 1990 [map]. Reston (VA): Geological Survey (US); 1995. 10 maps on
1 sheet: 23 x 17 cm. and 10 x 7 cm.; color. (Water-resources investigations report; 93-4098).

31. Map with note

Cincinnati and vicinity [map]. Lake Monroe (FL): Universal Map; c2002. 1 sheet: 2 1/4 in.
= 1 mi.; 123 x 183 cm.; color. Accompanied by: 1 booklet.
Citing Medicine

The world's most populous cities [map]. Asheville (NC): Poster Education; c1997. 1 sheet:
40 x 91 cm.; color. Accompanied by: World's most populous cities, lesson plan, 16 p.

Veterans Health Services and Research Administration [United States] [map]. Rev. ed.
Washington: Department of Veterans Affairs (US); 1991. 1 sheet: 28 x 43 cm.; color. Shows
VA regional offices, medical centers, and outpatient clinics.

AIDS and HIV in Latin America and the Caribbean [map]. Washington: Central Intelligence
Agency (US); 1993. 2 maps on 1 sheet: 40 x 75 cm.; color. Information taken from reports
to World Health Organization, Pan American Health Organization, USAID, and from
official estimates in various countries.
Citing Medicine

Mathes MV, Waldron MC, cartographers. Distribution of fluoride in ground water of West
Virginia [map]. Charleston (WV): Geological Survey (US); 1993. 1 sheet: 1:2,125,000; 32 x
36 cm.; black & white. Prepared in cooperation with the West Virginia Geological and
Economic Survey.

Thorson TD, cartographer. Ecoregions of Oregon [map]. Reston (VA): Geological Survey
(US), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology
Division; 2004. 1 sheet: 33 x 44 cm.; color. Available from: US Government Printing
Office, Washington, DC; I 19.79:EC 7/OR/2004.

Brugger EM, cartographer. Asien [map]. Frankfurt (Germany): Kartographischer Verlag

Reinhard Ryborsch; 1992. 1 sheet: 1 cm. = 80 km.; 97 x 135 cm.; color. German, English,
French. Located at: Ohio State University Library, Columbus, Ohio; G7400 1992 .K3.
Citing Medicine

Maps