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Traverse: Florence A. Galeon Assistant Professor U.P. College of Engineering

The relative location of points in a horizontal plane are determined by measurements from control points and control lines called horizontal control.

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George Ataher
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116 views

Traverse: Florence A. Galeon Assistant Professor U.P. College of Engineering

The relative location of points in a horizontal plane are determined by measurements from control points and control lines called horizontal control.

Uploaded by

George Ataher
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Traverse

1
Florence A. Galeon
Assistant Professor
U.P. College of Engineering
Outline
I. Introduction
II. Types of Traverse
Survey Party Composition III. Survey Party Composition
IV. Instruments / Accessories
V. Traverse Adjustment
VI. Methods of Traverse Adjustment
VII. Sample Problem
2
Introduction
The relative location of points in a horizontal
plane are determined by measurements from
control points and control lines called
3
control points and control lines called
horizontal control.
Traversing and Triangulation
In the establishment of horizontal control,
traversing and triangulation are the two
methods commonly used.
4
Triangulation Network
In plane surveying, the establishment of horizontal
control usually consists of a traverse.
A traverse consists of a series of straight lines, the
lengths and directions of which are determined,
5
lengths and directions of which are determined,
connecting successive established points along the
route of a survey.
The traverse is most satisfactory for surveys of
limited extent such as providing basic horizontal
control for land, route, construction surveys, etc.
Types of Traverse
I. Closed Traverse
It is a traverse that starts and terminates at a station of
known position.
6
Two Types
1. Loop Traverse starts on a station of known position and
terminates on the same station
2. Connecting Traverse - starts on a station of known
position and terminates on a different
station of known position
Types of Traverse
II. Open Traverse
It is a traverse that starts on a station of known position
and terminates at a station of unknown position.
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and terminates at a station of unknown position.
Loop Traverse
Open Traverse & Connecting Traverse
Survey party composition:
1. Instrument man
He directs the survey party, operates and
cares for the instrument, and keeps the notes.
8
Survey party composition:
2. Rodman
He gives sights as directed by the instrument man.
9
Survey party composition:
3. Utility men
They are employed to clear the lines of any
obstruction and may perform other duties as
directed by the chief of party.
10
Axe & Bolo
Some Utility Men
11
Survey party composition:
4. Recorder
Where many observations are taken, the notes
are kept by this member and may also act as the
chief of the party.
12
chief of the party.
Instruments / Accessories:
1. Total Station / Smart Station
2. Engineer's Transit / Theodolite
3. Tape / EDM / Laser Range Finders
13
3. Tape / EDM / Laser Range Finders
4. GPS Receivers
5. Rods / Range Poles / Reflectors
6. Chaining Pins / Markers
7. Two-way Radios
Rods
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Range Poles & Prism
15
Two-way Radios
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departure
l
a
t
i
t
u
d
e
Traverse Adjustment
17
l
a
t
i
t
u
d
e
L

Traverse Adjustments
Latitude of a line is its projection on a
north-south line
18
latitude = L x cos
Latitude of line going north is positive
Latitude of line going south is negative
+
-
Traverse Adjustments
Departure of a line is its projection on an
east-west line
19
departure = L x sin
Departure of line going east is positive
Departure of line going west is negative
+
-
Plotting a Closed Traverse
20
LEC
C
L
C
D
Linear Error of Closure = C
L
+ C
D

where C
L
= total error in latitude
C = total error in departure
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C
D
= total error in departure
Relative Error of Closure
REC = LEC = 1
D D / LEC
Methods of Traverse Adjustment
1. Compass Rule
C
l
= d x C
L
C
d
= d x C
D
22
C
l
= d x C
L
C
d
= d x C
D
D D
where C
l
= correction in latitude for each line
C
d
= correction in departure for each line
d = distance of each line
D = total distance of the traverse lines
Methods of Traverse Adjustment
2. Transit Rule
C
l
= lat x C
L
C
d
= dep x C
D
23
LAT DEP
where: lat = latitude of each line
dep = departure of each line
LAT = total latitude of the traverse lines
DEP = total departure of the traverse lines
Sample Problem
Balance by the Compass Rule the data tabulated below.
Also determine the relative error of closure, the corrected
length and corrected bearing of each line.
LINE LENGTH BEARING
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LINE LENGTH BEARING
1-2 80.11 m N 5354 E
2-3 69.44 S 0137 E
3-4 56.19 S 8010 E
4-5 105.83 S 5333 W
5-1 103.00 N 2134 W
Tabulated Solution
LINE
LENGTH BEARING
LAT DEP
CORRECTIONS
ADJ
LAT
ADJ
DEP
ADJ
LENGTH
ADJ
BEARING
LAT DEP
1-2
2-3
25
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-1
= D = CL = CD =CL = CD = 0 = 0
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