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Stellar Spectra

This document discusses stellar spectra and spectral classification. It begins by explaining how slits are used in spectroscopy and describes visual, photographic, and electronic detectors. It then covers increasing temperature effects, catalogs, collisions with electrons, and the Balmer series. The document also discusses pressure broadening, modern digital spectra, near-IR spectra, luminosity classes, spectral resolution, photometric systems, photometry of dusty stars, color-magnitude diagrams, carbon stars, brown dwarfs, and exoplanet atmospheres.

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Josh Young
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463 views

Stellar Spectra

This document discusses stellar spectra and spectral classification. It begins by explaining how slits are used in spectroscopy and describes visual, photographic, and electronic detectors. It then covers increasing temperature effects, catalogs, collisions with electrons, and the Balmer series. The document also discusses pressure broadening, modern digital spectra, near-IR spectra, luminosity classes, spectral resolution, photometric systems, photometry of dusty stars, color-magnitude diagrams, carbon stars, brown dwarfs, and exoplanet atmospheres.

Uploaded by

Josh Young
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3 - Stellar Spectra

Why a slit?

No slit

Slit

Sky Backgrounds and Telescope Nods


star
slit

Visual & Photographic & 2D Electronic Detectors

1D or Compressed 2D Electronic Detectors

Increasing T

Catalog
Names

...also
collisions
with
electrons.
..

1 1
1
RH 2 2 wheren 3,4,5, and

2 n
RH 1.0973732 x107 m1

Rydberg constant

Balmer Series & Balmer Jump

IR
Visual!
UV

BLUE part of the


visual spectrum....

Old Photographic NEGATIVES that Defined Spectral Classification

Pressure Broadening & Pressure Ionization


(Energy Level Perturbation & Changing Recombination Rate)

Modern Digital Spectra (from Silva &


Cornell 1992, ApJS, 81, 865)

Near-IR Spectra (Rayner et al. 2009, PASP, 185, 289)

Near-IR Detail

Originally, classification
was based on spectra at
visible wavelengths,
since thats all that was
available at the time!

Luminosity
Classes

Log L

V = Main Sequence

Spectral Resolution

signal
usually, SNR

noise

N photons/ bin

MeasuringStarsatDifferentsAlphabetSoupPhotometryUBVRIJHKLMNQ
StandardJohnsonSystem
(andnewerBessellCousinsKron
filters)

edge originally set by detector now by filter

Filter
eff(m) (m)
U 0.36 0.07
B 0.44 0.10
V 0.55 0.09
RCK 0.64 0.16
R 0.70 0.22
ICK 0.80 0.15
I
0.90 0.24
J
1.25 0.23
H 1.65 0.29
K 2.2 0.42
L 3.5 0.57
M 4.6 0.34
N 10 6
Q 19 5

Photometry of
4 dusty stars

Photometry & Stellar Magnitudes

m 2.5log f const

whereconst()issetbythephotometricsystem

Relativebrightnessesof2starsatagiven :

m2 m1
f1
5
100
f2

m 5 ratio of 100 in f
smaller m brighter star

m2-m1
0
1
2
3
4
5
10
15
20
-1
-5

Log f1/f2
0.00
0.40
0/80
1.20
1.60
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
-0.40
-2.00

f1/f2
1
2.512..
6.31
15.85
39.8
100=102
104
106
108
0.40
0.01=10-2

100

Therelativebrightnessofastar
at2differents:

f
V

const 2.5log

HOT BLUE STARS negative



BV

mB mV B V

fB

const 2 const 1
f2

m m 2.5log

COOL RED STARS

positive
BV

Foracollectionofstarsat
thesamedistancefromus,
andTversusLdiagram
translatesintoaColor
Magnitudediagram.The
magnitudecanbeeitherM
ormwithoutdestroying
thiscorrespondence.

Beyond OBAFGKM

S Stars - dominated by ZrO


C/O~1, sometimes Tc present!
(99Tc has half-life of 2.1x105 yrs)

Carbon Stars C/O >1


RC/O>1

bandsofC2,C3,CH,CN,etc.

NC/O>1andsprocesselementslikeBa&Sr
CHOldstarswithstrongerCH

Brown Dwarfs

Brown Dwarf Spectral


Classes
M - Above 2000 K, TiO and VO dominate
T=2000-2200 K, TiO condenses into solids
CaTiO3 in M, Ti3O5 & Ti2O3 in cooler objects
L (new!) - TiO and VO gone
T (new!) - CH4 appears in H and K photometric
bands (actually in L at M5, in K at L8, and in H at
T0 - The Goldilocks Problem)
Y (discovered in 2012) NH3 (H2O??)

L & T (brown dwarfs)

NOTE: Very Non-Planckian

Exoplanet Spectra
HD189733b Hubble Data

Swain et al. 2008

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