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Honjō Shigenaga

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In this Japanese name, the surname is Honjō.
Utagawa Kuniyoshi painted Honjō Shigenaga parrying an exploding shell

Honjō Shigenaga (本庄 繁長, January 12, 1540 – January 29, 1614) was a Japanese Samurai who lived from the Azuchi–Momoyama period through to the Edo period. Shigenaga served the Uesugi clan and was known for his betrayal against them. He held the court title Echizen no kami.

Biography

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Shigenaga fought at the Battle of Kawanakajima as rear left wing commander, acting as Uesugi Kenshin's retainer.[1]

However, in 1568-1569 after the Kawanakajima campaign he briefly rebelled against Kenshin and allied himself to Takeda Shingen, Kenshin's nemesis, because Shigenaga felt dissatisfied by his small reward compared with his achievement. He first murdered Nagao Fujikage, Uesugi's vassal, and captured his castle.[2] This betrayal forced Kenshin to lay siege to Murakami castle held by Shigenaga Honjo. The conflict proved costly for Kenshin as Irobe Katsunaga, one of his generals, was slain in the battle and could not take the castle easily.[3] In spite of his rebellion against Kenshin, which lasted for one year, Takeda Shingen did not help him and Shigenaga was forced to surrender to Kenshin under the coordination of the Ashina clan. After the siege he was pardoned by Kenshin[4] and later fought at Battle of Tedorigawa against Oda Nobunaga Forces.

After the death of Kenshin in 1578 Shigenaga supported Uesugi Kagekatsu as successor during the Siege of Otate.

In 1588, when Mogami Yoshiaki began expanding his territory into the Shōnai region in Dewa province. Shigenaga once again entered conflict against the Mogami clan where he defeated a Mogami army at the battle of Jugorihara (十五里ヶ原の戦い). Uesugi Kagekatsu sought aid from Shigenaga. Together they successfully recovered the Shōnai region as a territory of the Uesugi clan.

In 1598, Uesugi Kagekatsu was transferred to Aizu Wakamatsu castle (Fukushima prefecture) by the Toyotomi government, and Shigenaga was transferred to the Aizu region.[5]

Sekigahara Campaign

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In 1600, during the conflict between the Toyotomi loyalists, Ishida Mitsunari and Tokugawa Ieyasu, Shigenaga fought in a series of battles once again against Date Masamune and Mogami Yoshiaki at the Siege of Hasedō.

In April 1601, Shigenaga resisted an attack from Date Masamune's warriors at Battle of Matsukawa such as Katakura Kagetsuna, Oniniwa Tsunamoto and Yashiro Kageyori. Date's forces under Katakura Kagetsuna attacked several times including a defense against a rear attack, despite Date's attempt to attack from Mount Shinobu. Later on, His forces successfully killed several of Kagetsuna's famous soldiers, forcing Date Masamune to stop attacking and return whilst Shigenaga was successful in defending Fukushima Castle from the invading Ieyasu Eastern coalition.[6][7][8]

Honjo Masamune sword

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Toyotomi-Hidetsugu
oshigata of the Honjo Masamune drawn by 17 century swordsmith Tsuguhira

Honjō Shigenaga was particularly known as the wielder of the famous sword Honjo Masamune, built by Gorō Nyūdō Masamune (五郎入道正宗, c.1264–1343), a medieval Japanese blacksmith widely acclaimed as Japan's greatest swordsmith. Honjo Masamune is a katana representing the Shogunate during most of the Tokugawa Era.[9] Shigenaga was attacked by Umanosuke who already possessed a number of trophy heads. Umanosuke struck Shigenaga with the Honjo Masamune which split his helmet, but he survived and took the sword as a prize.The blade had a number of chips from the great battle but was still usable. It was kept by Shigenaga he was until he was sent to Fushimi Castle, during the Bunroku era, or around 1592 to 1595. Shigenaga ran out of funds and was later forced to sell the sword to Toyotomi Hidetsugu, Toyotomi Hideyoshi's nephew and retainer. It was bought for 13 Mai, 13 ōban, which was 13 large gold coins. The blade was later valued in the Kyoho Meibutsu Cho at 1,000 Mai. It then went to Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Shimazu Yoshihiro, again to Hideyoshi, Tokugawa Ieyasu, Tokugawa Yorinobu, and finally Tokugawa Ietsuna. It remained in the Kii (紀伊) branch of the Tokugawa family, and this ownership continued after the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate (1868). The last known owner was Tokugawa Iemasa at the end of World War II.[10]Under the United States occupation at the end of World War II, all production of nihontō with edges was banned except under police or government permit. The Americans required that all swords be surrendered to the Foreign Liquidation Commission. Tokugawa Iemasa turned in the Honjō Masamune and 13 other "prized heirloom" swords to a police station at Mejiro in December 1945.[11] In January 1946, the Mejiro police gave the swords to a man identified as "Sgt. Coldy Bimore" (possibly a garbled phonetic spelling of the man's name) of the Foreign Liquidations Commission of AFWESPAC (Army Forces, Western Pacific). In an episode of Expedition Unknown, Josh Gates traveled to Japan in search of the Honjō Masamune[12] and learned that there were no records of a "Sgt. Coldy Bimore" listed to have received the sword. However research by Eric Dean has found that the NCO was not "Sgt. Coldy Bimore" but was in probably T/4 "Cole" D.B. Moore who was attached to the Foreign Liquidations Commission of AFWESPAC (Army Forces, Western Pacific) and was stationed in Japan after the second world war. "Cole" D. B. Moore was discharged on April 22, 1946.[13]Moore died in Georgia in 1979[14]The Honjō Masamune is the most important of the missing Japanese swords; although the NCO to whom it was deleivered is identied, ironically to date its fate and current location still remains unknown.[15][16]

References

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  1. ^ Kawanakajima 1553-64: Samurai Power Struggle; Stephen Turnbull, Wayne Reynolds; Osprey Publishing, 2013; ISBN 978-1472800220
  2. ^ "Takajo Castle Ruins - SANJO CITY". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-03-01.
  3. ^ 戦国期上杉・武田氏の上野支配 Kurihara Osamu, 2010
  4. ^ "Murakami Castle -Northern fortress-".
  5. ^ 渡辺三省『本庄氏と色部氏』（中世武士選書 第9巻 戎光祥出版 2012年）ISBN 4864030626
  6. ^ 『伊達町史』第1巻 通史編上
  7. ^ 渡辺三省『本庄氏と色部氏』
  8. ^ 『日本戦史「関原役」』第7篇第5章 福島「會津攻伐ニ関スル者」
  9. ^ "Masamune".
  10. ^ "Best Japanese swords". Japan Accents. 30 June 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
  11. ^ Kanban: Traditional Shop Signs of Japan
  12. ^ Josh Gates
  13. ^ ... -masamune/ Who the ....is Coldy Bimore BY eric Dean January 28,2015
  14. ^ FInd a grave memorial
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference allthatsinteresting.com was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ Jim Kurrach, ... smasam.htm Honjo Masamune and Important Missing Nihonto Error in Webarchive template: Timestamp not a number., Japanese Sword Society of Southern California newsletter, 1996
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