GS-4152, AMD’s Radeon R9-290X, One Big dGPU, by Michael Mantor
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The document discusses the specifications and architecture of the AMD Radeon R9-290X graphics processing unit (GPU). Some key points: - The R9-290X contains 44 compute units with a total of 2816 stream processors. It has a 512-bit GDDR5 memory interface providing 320 GB/sec of memory bandwidth. - The GPU uses AMD's Graphics Core Next (GCN) architecture. This includes improvements to geometry processing, new local data share memory operations, and enhanced media processing instructions. - The GCN architecture includes compute units containing vector units and a local data store. Compute units provide computational power through 2816 stream processors. - New features include support for flat
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remote
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logical,
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96b/128b
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APU13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gs-4152michaelmantor-131121143916-phpapp02/85/GS-4152-AMD-s-Radeon-R9-290X-One-Big-dGPU-by-Michael-Mantor-7-320.jpg)
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GS-4152, AMD’s Radeon R9-290X, One Big dGPU, by Michael Mantor
- 1. AMD RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU MIKE MANTOR – [email protected] GRAPHICS, COMPUTE & VISUALIZATION ARCHITECT
- 2. AMD RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU A CONTINUED ERA OF GCN GRAPHICS & COMPUTE GCN Architecture Display Technologies Audio Technologies Specifications
- 3. RADEON™ R9 290X A NEW GPU DESIGN FOR A NEW ERA OF COMPUTING GRAPHICS CORE NEXT ARCHITECTURE ! 44 Compute Units ! 4 Geometry Processors ‒ 4 billion primiIves/sec ! 64 Pixel Output/Clock ‒ 64 Gpixels/sec fill rate ! 176 Texture Units ‒ 176 Gtextured pixels/sec ! 704 32b Load/Store Units ‒ Up-‐to 2.8 TB/sec L1 bandwidth ! 1MB R/W L2 Cache ‒ Up-‐to 1 TB/sec L2/L1 bandwidth ! 512-‐bit GDDR5 memory interface ‒ 320 GB/sec memory bandwidth ! New AMD CrossFire™ technology ! AMD TrueAudio technology ! 6.2 billion transistors 3 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13 ‒ 438 mm2 on 28nm process node
- 4. RADEON™ R9 290X GRAPHICS CORE NEXT ARCHITECTURE SHADER ENGINE ! RADEON™ R9 290X GCN GPU contains 4 Shader Engines ‒ Load balanced with each other ‒ Screen partitioning for pixel assignment ! A Shader Engine is a high level organizational unit containing: ‒ 1 Geometry Processor (1 Primitive Per Cycle Throughput) ‒ 1 Rasterizer ‒ 1-11 CUs (Compute Units) ‒ Instruction I$ and constant K$ caches shared by up to 4 CU each ‒ 4 RBEs (Render Back Ends) ‒ Up-to 16 – 64b pixels/cycle per Shader Engine ‒ Up-to 8 – 128b pixels/cycle per Shader Engine 4 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13
- 5. RADEON™ R9 290X Branch & Message Unit COMPUTE UNIT Scheduler Vector Registers (4x 64KB) Vector Units (4x SIMD-16) Local Data Share (64KB) Scalar Unit GRAPHICS CORE NEXT ARCHITECTURE Texture Filter Units (4) Scalar Registers (8KB) Texture Fetch Load / Store Units (16) L1 Cache (16KB) ! CU = Basic Building Block of GPU Computational Power ‒ 44 compute units (2816 SP IEEE 2008-‐compliant shaders) ‒ Device Flat (Generic) 64b/32b Addressing support ‒ Masked Quad Sum of Absolute Difference (MQSAD) with 32b AccumulaIon and SaturaIon ‒ Precision improvement for naIve LOG/EXP ops to 1ULP ‒ Packed 64Bb pixel color exports – effecIvely double reorder buffering in 64b pixel processing w/access power reducIon ‒ New Local Data Share (LDS) Memory OperaIons 5 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13
- 6. RADEON™ R9 290X COMPUTE UNIT DEVICE FLAT ADDRESS FLAT ! Flat Address Space (“flat”) instrucIons are new for Radeon™ R9-‐290X and allow read/write/ atomic access to a generic memory address pointer which can resolve to any of the following physical memories: ! Global memory ! Scratch (“private”) ! LDS (“shared”) ! Invalid -‐ MEM_VIOL TrapStatus ! Device Flat(Generic) 64b/32b Addressing mode support ‒ FLAT instrucIons support both 64 and 32-‐bit addressing. The address size is set via a mode register (“PTR32”) and a local copy of the value is stored per wave. ‒ The state addresses for the aperture check differ in 32 and 64-‐bit mode 6 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13
- 7. RADEON™ R9 290X COMPUTE UNIT LDS OPERATIONS ! New Local Data Share Memory OperaIons ‒ F32 Min/Max/Compare Swap ‒ Full complement of LDS remote atomic op with shared memory dual source operands ‒ LDS[Dst] = LDS[addr0] op LDS[addr1]; ‒ Fast remote reducIon operaIons for arithmeIc, logical, Min/Max F32 ‒ Read/Write Exchange 96b/128b 7 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13
- 8. RADEON™ R9 290X GCN MEDIA PROCESSING ! SAD = Sum of Absolute Differences ! Critical to many video & image processing algorithms ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ Motion detection Gesture recognition Video & image search Stereo depth extraction Computer vision ! SAD (4x1) and QSAD (4 4x1) instructions ‒ QSAD combines SAD with alignment ops for higher performance and reduced power draw ‒ Evaluate up to 256 pixels per CU per clock cycle! MEDIA INSTRUCTIONS Closest match SAD = SAD = 22 22 SAD = 59 SAD = 58 SAD = 45 ! Maskable MQSAD instruction ‒ Allows background pixels to be ignored ‒ Accelerated isolation of moving objects ! New : 32 bit destination accumulator register ‒ SAD/QSAD/MQSAD U32/U16 accumulators with saturation 8 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13 AMD Radeon™ R9 290x can evaluate 11.26 Terapixels/sec * * Peak theoreIcal performance for 8-‐bit integer pixels
- 9. RADEON™ R9 290X Geometry Processor Geometry Assembler Tessellator Vertex Assembler GCN FIXED FUNCTION ARCHITECTURE Geometry Processor Geometry Assembler Tessellator Vertex Assembler Geometry Processor Geometry Assembler Tessellator Vertex Assembler GEOMETRY Geometry Processor Geometry Assembler Tessellator Vertex Assembler ! Updated Geometry Processor Units – Off-chip buffer management improved – Larger posion & parameter caches TessellaIon off n TessellaIon off ! GS + Tessellation is faster than before… ! However… memory can still be the bottleneck! – Minimize the number of inputs and outputs for best performance… ! Small GS expansions can be done within LDS eliminating cache/memory traffic! 9 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13 Image from Baulefield 3, EA DICE Process and rasterize up to 4 primives per clock cycle
- 10. RADEON™ R9 290X GCN FIXED FUNCTION ARCHITECTURE RENDER BACK ENDS ! Depth/Color/Stencil processing conducted in the Render BackEnds (RBEs) ‒ 4KB Depth Cache ‒ Up to 16 coverage samples ‒ 16KB Color Cache ‒ Up to 8 color samples Z/Stencil ROPs Color ROPs Depth Cache Color Cache ! Radeon™ R9-290X fragment rates ‒ 64 – 64b pixels per cycle ‒ 256 Depth Test (Z) / Stencil Ops per cycle * 10 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13 There are 16 RBEs on Radeon™ R9 290x
- 11. RADEON™ R9 290X GCN FIXED FUNCTION ARCHITECTURE RASTERIZER ! There are 4 Geometry Processors on Radeon™ Radeon™ R9 290x ‒ Overall Primitive Rate = 4 prims per clock (ideal) ! There are 4 Rasterizers on Radeon™ R9 290x (4 triangles x 16 pixels = 64 pixels per clock) ‒ Each rasterizer can read in a single triangle per cycle, and write out up-to 16 pixels ! Caveat: tiny (e.g. sub-pixel) triangles can dramatically reduce PS efficiency ! This can cause us to become raster-bound, unable to rasterize at peak-rate! Command Processor Geometry Processor Geometry Assembler Tessellator Vertex Assembler Geometry Processor Geometry Assembler Tessellator Geometry Processor Vertex Assembler Geometry Assembler Tessellator Vertex Assembler Geometry Processor Geometry Assembler Tessellator Vertex Assembler Compute Units Rasterizer Scan Converter Hierarchical Z Rasterizer Scan Converter Render Back-Ends 11 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13 Hierarchical Z Render Back-Ends Rasterizer Scan Converter Hierarchical Z Render Back-Ends Rasterizer Scan Converter Hierarchical Z Render Back-Ends
- 12. RADEON™ R9 290X GRAPHICS CORE NEXT ARCHITECTURE L2 & MEMORY INTERFACE 1 MB L2 R/W CACHE ! Upto16 - 64 KB L2 cache partition L2 Cache ‒ Relative to AMD Radeon™ HD 7970 ASIC ‒ Additional 33% last level cache capacity ‒ Additional 33% internal fabric bandwidth ‒ Up to 1TB/s L2/L1 bandwidth @ 1GHz operation ! High density interface design Memory Interface ‒ 512-‐bit memory interface occupies ~20% less area than the 384-‐bit memory interface uIlized on the AMD Radeon™ HD 7970 ASIC ‒ Over 20% more total bandwidth ‒ 50% increase in bandwidth per mm2 ! 512-‐bit GDDR5 at 5.0 Gbps ‒ 320 GB/sec memory bandwidth 64-bit Dual Channel Memory Controller 64-bit Dual Channel Memory Controller 64-bit Dual Channel Memory Controller 12 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13 64-bit Dual Channel Memory Controller 64-bit Dual Channel Memory Controller 64-bit Dual Channel Memory Controller 64-bit Dual Channel Memory Controller 64-bit Dual Channel Memory Controller
- 13. Tiled Resources & Partially Resident Textures ! Enables application to manage more texture data than can physically fit in a fixed footprint ‒ Known as: Tiled Resources (Direct3D 11.2) and Partially Resident Textures (OpenGL 4.2) ‒ A.k.a. “Virtual texturing“ and “Sparse texturing” ! The principle behind PRT is that not all texture contents are likely to be needed at any given time ‒ Current render view may only require selected portions of a texture to be resident in memory ‒ Or, only selected MIPMap levels… ! PRT textures only have a portion of their data mapped into GPU-accessible memory at a time ‒ Texture data can be streamed in on-demand ‒ Texture sizes up-to 32TB (16k x 16k x 8k x 128-bit) ! All Tier-‐2 features supported in Radeon™R9 – 290X ‒ Shader LOD clamp & mapped status feedback ‒ Reads from non-‐mapped Ile returns 0 ‒ Min/max reducIon filtering ! OpenGL extension – GL_AMD_sparse_texture 13 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13
- 14. GCN COMPUTE ARCHITECTURE RADEON™ R9 290X A NEW CONFIGURATION OF GCN FOR GAMMING AND COMPUTING AMD Radeon™ HD 7970 GHz Edition AMD Radeon™ R9 290X Increase Geometry Processing 2.1 billion primitives/sec 4 billion primitives/sec 1.9x Compute 4.3 TFLOPS 5.6 TFLOPS 1.3x Texture fill rate 134.4 Gtexels/sec 176 Gtexels/sec 1.3x Pixel fill rate 33.6 Gpixels/sec 64 Gpixels/sec 1.9x Peak Bandwidth 264 GB/sec 320 GB/sec 1.2x Die area 352 mm2 438 mm2 1.24x Peak GFLOPS/mm2 12.2 12.8 1.05x 14 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13
- 15. RADEON™ R9 290X GCN COMPUTE ARCHITECTURE A NEW GPU DESIGN FOR A NEW ERA OF COMPUTING GRAPHICS CORE NEXT ! 8 ASYNCHRONOUS COMPUTE ENGINES (ACE) ‒ Operate in parallel with Graphics CP ‒ Independent scheduling and work item dispatch for efficient multi-tasking ‒ 9 Devices with 64+ Command Queues! ‒ Fast work group boundary preemption ‒ Exposed in OpenCL™ ! Dual DMA engines ‒ Can saturate PCIe 3.0 x16 bus bandwidth (16 GB/ sec bidirectional) 15 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13
- 16. RADEON™ R9 290X GCN COMPUTE ARCHITECTURE A NEW GPU DESIGN FOR A NEW ERA OF COMPUTING GRAPHICS CORE NEXT ! ACEs are responsible for compute shader scheduling, synchronization & resource alloc ! Each ACE fetches commands from cache or memory ! Tasks have a priority level for scheduling ‒ Background à Realtime ! ACE dispatch tasks to shader engines as resources permit ! Tasks complete out-of-order, tracked by ACE for correctness ! Every cycle, an ACE can create a workgroup and dispatch to the shader engines for round robin for wave launch 16 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13 ‒ Policies:priorities/keep out/limits/reservations etc
- 17. RADEON™ R9 290X GCN COMPUTE ARCHITECTURE A NEW GPU DESIGN FOR A NEW ERA OF COMPUTING GRAPHICS CORE NEXT ! ACE are independent ‒ But, can synchronize and communicate via Cache/Memory/GDS ! ACE can form task graphs ‒ Individual tasks can have dependencies on one another ‒ Can depend on another ACE ‒ Can depend on part of graphics pipe ! ACE can control task switching ‒ Stop and Start tasks and dispatch work to shader engines 17 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13
- 18. RADEON™ R9 290X FUTURE CS CONCURRENT MULTITHREADING ! Ace -‐ Independent virtual engine, enabling true GPU MulIprocessor operaIon ! Operates out of assigned virtual memory (All commands, instrucIons, constants, input, output memory space) ! Doorbell hardware feature enables architected efficient queue write pointer update ! Producer/Consumer can be built on OpenCl™ and advanced HSA ! Footprint limiIng with load balancing techniques between concurrent compute ACE threads Spawn Spawn ACE F32 Per WG Data Init GDS CS 18 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13 Memory ACE F32 Unified Shader Intermediate Data Dispatch Alloc Dispatch Input Data Sync Control Data Memory CS
- 19. RADEON™ R9 290X GCN COMPUTE ARCHITECTURE A NEW GPU DESIGN FOR A NEW ERA OF COMPUTING GRAPHICS CORE NEXT ! Focus in GPU hardware migrating towards general-purpose compute units ! Radeon™R9 290x GCN-based ASICs have advanced compute ‒ CP can dispatch compute ‒ ACE cannot dispatch graphics ! Future will provide interactive compute and graphics 19 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13 ! If you aren’t writing Compute Shaders, you’re not getting the absolute most out of modern GPUs
- 20. NEW AMD CROSSFIRE™ TECHNOLOGY -‐ XDMA ! XDMA is a modern approach to negoIaIng the communicaIon of mulIple GPUs for peak gaming performance with the ultra-‐high-‐resoluIon displays of tomorrow ! Radeon™R9-‐290X includes a Hardware DMA engine in the AMD CrossFire™ composiIng block ‒ Designed for AMD Eyefinity and UltraHD resoluIons via DisplayPort™ ‒ Allows for direct access between GPU display pipelines over PCI Express® ‒ No external connector required ‒ CompaIble on AMD Catalyst™ frame pacing technologies ‒ No performance penalty versus external bridge 20 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13
- 21. SEPTEMBER AMD EYEFINITY TECHNOLOGY 2009 21 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13
- 22. EYEFINITY 6 EDITION 2010 1 APRIL 22 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13
- 23. OCTOBER 23 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13 5X1 PORTRAIT MODE 2011
- 24. HDMI® (WITH 4K) DISPLAYPORT™ 1.2 DECEMBER 2011 FEBRUARY 2012 3840 3840 50” 2160 24 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13 2160 32”
- 25. 4K THE GENERATIONAL LEAP GAMERS HAVE BEEN WAITING FOR 25 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13 4X THE RESOLUTION OF 1080p 1080p SD
- 26. THE FUTURE OF ULTRAHD ! We believe the AMD Radeon™ R9 290X will support future third type of UltraHD display that feature Single Stream operaIon at 60Hz ! This product is ready with support for high pixel rates up to 600 MHz, and will validate as soon as the monitors are available 3840 2160 26 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13
- 27. BUILT FOR USER FLEXIBILITY SUPPORT FOR UP TO 6 DISPLAYS1 1 x DisplayPort™ with Multi-Stream Transport 1 x HDMI® 2 x Dual-Link DVI 27 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13
- 28. HAVE 3 MATCHING MONITORS? USE ANY THREE OUTPUTS 28 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13 2 x Dual-Link DVI 1 x HDMI® x DisplayPort™ with Multi-Stream Transport
- 29. BUILT FOR USER FLEXIBILITY SUPPORT FOR UP TO 6 DISPLAYS 1 x DisplayPort™ with Multi-Stream Transport 1 x HDMI® 2 x Dual-Link DVI 29 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13
- 30. BUILT FOR USER FLEXIBILITY SUPPORT FOR UP TO 6 DISPLAYS 1 x DisplayPort™ with Multi-Stream Transport 1 x HDMI® 2 x Dual-Link DVI 30 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13
- 31. BUILT FOR USER FLEXIBILITY SUPPORT FOR UP TO 6 DISPLAYS 1 x DisplayPort™ with Multi-Stream Transport 1 x HDMI® 2 x Dual-Link DVI 31 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13
- 32. GCN MEDIA PROCESSING AMD TRUEAUDIO ! TrueAudio on AMD Radeon™ R9 290X ! Dedicated Audio DSP soluIon for game sound effects ! Guaranteed real-‐Ime performance and service ! Programmable pipeline provides arIsIc freedom to game audio engineers ! Intended to transform game audio as programmable shaders transformed graphics 32 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13
- 33. 3D AUDIO DONE RIGHT Traditional Virtual Surround Sound ! USB headset solutions provide processing at the end of the pipeline Virtual Surround with AMD TrueAudio Technology ! Spatialization algorithm with 3D positional data from game leads to more accurate 3D audio ‒ Software & Hardware solutions Audio Assets USB Audio Driver ApplicaIon / Game Unprocessed Stereo Sound Processed Stereo Sound Audio Middleware Effects & Algorithms USB Absence of 3D positional data from the game leads to “fake” 3D audio 33 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13 ApplicaIon / Game AMD TRUEAUDIO AMD & GENAUDIO will bring this experience to gamers
- 34. GCN MEDIA PROCESSING AMD TRUEAUDIO SPATIALIZATION / 3D AUDIO REVERBS AUDIO/VOICE STREAMS MASTERING LIMITERS 34 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13
- 35. THE DRIVING FORCES BEHIND THE AMD NEW GAME CONSOLES ULTRAHD DISPLAYS 35 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13 MULTI-MONITOR GAMING RADEON R9 290X ™ AUDIO IMMERSION NEXT GENERATION GAMES
- 36. ! GS-4112 – Mantle: Empowering 3D Graphics Innovation ! Keynote – Johan Andersson, Technical Director, EA ! GS-4145 – Oxide on Mantle Adoption (Wed 5:00-5:45) ! New low level programming interface for PCs ! Designed in collaboration with top game developers ! Lightweight driver that allows direct access to GPU hardware ! Compatible with DirectX® HLSL for simplified porting MANTLE Graphics Applications Mantle API Mantle Driver GCN Works with all Graphics Core Next GPUs
- 37. PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS AMD RADEON™ R9 290X Radeon™ R9 290X Stream Processors 2,816 Engine Clock Up to 1 GHz Compute Performance 5.6 TFLOPS Memory Configuration 4GB GDDR5 / 512-bit Memory Speed Power Connectors PCI-E Standard 5.0 Gbps 1 x 6-pin, 1 x 8-pin PCI-E 3.0 AMD TrueAudio Technology Yes DirectX 11.2 OpenGL 4.3 Mantle ® API Support 37 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13
- 38. THANK YOU QUESTIONS? 38 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13
- 39. ABSTRACT In this talk, details about how the unique configuraIon and features of the new Radeon™ R9-‐290X are used to deliver a new level of experience for enthusiast gamers. The powerful Graphics Core Next architecture upgraded to drive ULTRAHD 4K resoluIon displays or mulIple mulI-‐monitor configuraIons for great visual effects. The Radeon™ R9-‐290X is equipped with a xDMA engine that uIlizes PCIE for all communicaIon between mulIple GPUs in a system for AMD Crossfire™ operaIons. This soluIon is compaIble with our latest frame pacing updates. The Radeon™ R9-‐290X is addiIonally coupled with AMD’s new TRUEADIO Technology to provide a hardware accelerated programmable audio pipeline, enabling the sound engineer and arIst to significantly engage a parIcipant’s sense of sound in game play. 39 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13
- 40. DISCLAIMER & ATTRIBUTION The informaIon presented in this document is for informaIonal purposes only and may contain technical inaccuracies, omissions and typographical errors. The informaIon contained herein is subject to change and may be rendered inaccurate for many reasons, including but not limited to product and roadmap changes, component and motherboard version changes, new model and/or product releases, product differences between differing manufacturers, so~ware changes, BIOS flashes, firmware upgrades, or the like. AMD assumes no obligaIon to update or otherwise correct or revise this informaIon. However, AMD reserves the right to revise this informaIon and to make changes from Ime to Ime to the content hereof without obligaIon of AMD to noIfy any person of such revisions or changes. AMD MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE CONTENTS HEREOF AND ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY INACCURACIES, ERRORS OR OMISSIONS THAT MAY APPEAR IN THIS INFORMATION. AMD SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT WILL AMD BE LIABLE TO ANY PERSON FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL OR OTHER CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING FROM THE USE OF ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN, EVEN IF AMD IS EXPRESSLY ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. ATTRIBUTION © 2013 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. AMD, the AMD Arrow logo, Radeon, CrossFire, Catalyst and combinaIons thereof are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdicIons. PCI Express is a trademark of the PCI-‐SIG CorporaIon and HDMI is a trademarks of HDMI Licensing, LLC. Other names are for informaIonal purposes only and may be trademarks of their respecIve owners. 40 | RADEON™ R9-‐290X, ONE BIG DGPU | NOV 2013 | APU13