‫بسم الله الرحمن‬

‫الرحيم‬
PROJECTION CLASSIFICATION

Projections
Parallel Convergent

Orthogonal Oblique

Multiview Axonometric

Perspective
Drawing

Pictorial drawing
Multiview drawing
Axonometric Drawing

Defintion
It is show the three principal
dimensions of an object in one
view.
Axonometric
ProjectionRotate
about vertical axis

Tilt forward

All edges foreshorten

About( --- )time.
Axonometric Projection
Type of axonometric drawing
Axonometric axis
a
Isometric .1 .All angles are equal
b c

B
A B
a Axonometric axis
A D
C Dimetric .2 c .Two angles are equal
D b

a Axonometric axis
Trimetric .3 b c None of angles are
.equal
Isometric Projection
Rotate 45
about vertical axis

Tilt forward
(35o16’)

All edges foreshorten

.about 0.8 time
Isometric Drawing
Isometric drawing is a drawing drawn on an isometric
.axes using full scale

Isometric projection Isometric drawing

)True projection( )Full scale(

Forshorten

Full scale
Isometric Drawing
Distance in Isometric Drawing
True-length distances are shown along
.isometric lines
Isometric line is the line that run parallel to
.any of the isometric axes

Nonisometric lines

Isometric axes
Example 1 : Object has only normal surfaces

Top
H

Side View Front View

H

Front
Side

W
D
Top View
D

W
Example 2 : Object has inclined surfaces

D
Nonisometric line

y
q

H
y

x
x Front View
W
x Example
x 3 : Object has inclined surfaces
B
A
C
x

y
x

C B A

Nonisometric line

C B A
Irregular Curve in Isometric
Steps
Construct points along the .1
. curve in multiview drawing

Locate these points in the .2

. isometric view

.Sketch the connecting lines .3

Circle & Arc in Isometric
.In isometric drawing, a circle appears as an ellipse

Sketching Steps
.Locate the center of an ellipse .1
.Construct an isometric square .2

Sketch arcs that connect the .3

. tangent points
Circle & Arc in Isometric
Four-center method is usually used when drawn an
.isometric ellipse with drawing instrument

Sketching Steps
.Locate the center of an ellipse .1
.Construct an isometric square .2
Construct a perpendicular .3
. bisector from each tangent point

.Locate the four centers .4

Draw the arcs with these centers .5
. and tangent to isometric square
Example 5
STUDY
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS ISOMETRIC VIEW OF PENTAGONAL
PYRAMID STANDING ON H.P.
(Height is added from center of
pentagon)

ISOMETRIC VIEW OF BASE OF

PENTAGONAL PYRAMID
.STANDING ON H.P

4
4
D
D E
E
D L D
L
1 3 1 3
A C
A C
B
2
B
2
STUDY
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
ISOMETRIC VIEW OF
PENTAGONALL PRISM
.LYING ON H.P

4
H E
1 D

A
L
3
C
B
2
ISOMETRIC VIEW OF
HEXAGONAL PRISM
.STANDING ON H.P
STUDY
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
.CYLINDER STANDING ON H.P

.CYLINDER LYING ON H.P

STUDY
Z HALF CYLINDER
ILLUSTRATIONS
.STANDING ON H.P
)ON IT’S SEMICIRCULAR BASE (

HALF CYLINDER
.LYING ON H.P
).with flat face // to H.P (
STUDY ISOMETRIC VIEW OF A
Z FRUSTOM OF SQUARE PYRAMID
ILLUSTRATIONS
.STANDING ON H.P. ON IT’S LARGER BASE

60
FV

X Y

40 20

TV
STUDY
ILLUSTRATION

PROJECTIONS OF FRUSTOM OF
.PENTAGONAL PYRAMID ARE GIVEN
.DRAW IT’S ISOMETRIC VIEW

60
FV

x y
E
1 4
A

TV 40 20 D

B
2 3
C
ISOMETRIC VIEW OF A
STUDY FRUSTOM OF CONE STANDING ON H.P.
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS ON IT’S LARGER BASE.

60
FV

X Y

40 20

TV
STUDY PROBLEM:
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
A SQUARE PLATE IS PIERCED THROUGH CENTRALLY
BY A CYLINDER WHICH COMES OUT EQUALLY FROM BOTH FACES
OF PLATE. IT’S FV & TV ARE SHOWN. DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW.

FV 30

10

30

D 30

50 +

50

TV
STUDY PROBLEM:
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS A CIRCULAR PLATE IS PIERCED THROUGH CENTRALLY
BY A SQUARE PYRAMID WHICH COMES OUT EQUALLY FROM BOTH FACES
OF PLATE. IT’S FV & TV ARE SHOWN. DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW.

FV 30

10

30

SQUARE 40

D 60
TV
STUDY
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
.F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view

10

20
40

FV

40

X
Y

TV

D 50 D 30
STUDY
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
.F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view

50

O
X Y

20

25

25 20
STUDY
.F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS

35
FV

35

10
x y
O

10 20 30

40

70

TV
STUDY
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
.F.V. & T.V. and S.V.of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view

FV

30 10 30 SV

30

10

30
x y

ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL

TV
STUDY
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
.F.V. & T.V. and S.V.of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view

ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL

FV SV

x y

10
40 60

40
TV
60
STUDY .F.V. & T.V. and S.V.of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL

FV SV

x y
10

40 60

40 TV

60
STUDY
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
.F.V. & T.V. and S.V.of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW

20

20

20
x y
O 50
20

30

20 20 20

TOP VIEW
STUDY
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
.F.V. and S.V.of an object are given
.Draw it’s isometric view

SQUARE 30
40 20

50

20
10

30
60
.F.V
.S.V
STUDY
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
.F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view

FV
40

10
O
D 30 45

10
50

80

TV
29
STUDY .F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS

FV 40

X O 10 Y
100
10
25
TV
10 30 10
25
R 30
D 20
STUDY .F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS

30

FV
.RECT
SLOT

10 50
35

10
X Y
O
D 20

TV

D 60
D 30
STUDY
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
.F.V. and S.V.of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view

10

25 15

25
40 10

25

25

O
80 25

.F.V .S.V
STUDY
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
.F.V. and S.V.of an object are given
.Draw it’s isometric view

HEX PART
30
20
20
40
20

50
20
15

O 30
100 60
STUDY .F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
20 40

.F.V
30

10
X Y
O

10

30

10

30
80

.T.V
.F.V. and S.V.of an object are given
.Draw it’s isometric view

STUDY
10 10 15
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
25

25
X Y
O 50 10
FV LSV

.NOTE THE SMALL CHZNGE IN 2ND FV & SV

.DRAW ISOMETRIC ACCORDINGLY

10

X Y
O FV LSV
.F.V. and S.V.of an object are given
.Draw it’s isometric view

30 20 10 20

15
10

15

15
30

15
X O Y
50
.F.V .LEFT S.V
STUDY
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
.F.V. and S.V.of an object are given
.Draw it’s isometric view

30 10

60

30

O 40 40
.F.V .S.V