Earthquake

Hazards
By: Group 3 ✨
Meet the
team
Nico Angelo Tolibas Jaye Supas Yban Tabogoc
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PS: The firstanswer.
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correct answer will receive a million-
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1.) What is the
instrument used in
recording seismic
waves ?
1.) What is the
name instrument
used in recording
seismic waves ?
ANSWER: SEISMOGRAPH
2.) The location in
the surface directly
above the focus or
hypocenter is called
?
2.) The location in
the surface directly
above the focus or
hypocenter is called
?
ANSWER: EPICENTER
3.) It is the estitmate
amount of energy
released at the focus
or origin of the
earthquake.
3.) It is the estimate
amount of energy
released at the focus
or origin of the
earthquake.
ANSWER: MAGNITUDE
4.)It is the sudden or
rapid shaking of the
ground due to the
release of potential
energy stored in rocks
4.)It is the sudden or
rapid shaking of the
ground due to the
release of potential
energy stored in rocks
ANSWER: EARTHQUAKE
4.)It is the sudden or
rapid shaking of the
ground due to the
release of potential
energy stored in rocks
ANSWER: EARTHQUAKE
5.) It is the service institute
that is mandated to monitor
and study disasters that may
be caused by earthquakes,
volcanic eruptions, and other
geotectonic phenomena
5.) It is the service institute
that is mandated to monitor
and study disasters that may
be caused by earthquakes,
volcanic eruptions, and other
geotectonic phenomena
ANSWER: PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF
VOLCANOLOGY AND SEISMOLOGY
(PHIVOLCS)
6.) It is a process,
phenomenon, or human
activity that may cause loss
of life, injury or other health
impacts, property damage,
social and economic
disruption or environmental
degradation.
ANSWER: HAZARD
6.) It is a process,
phenomenon, or human
activity that may cause loss
of life, injury or other health
impacts, property damage,
social and economic
disruption or environmental
degradation.
EARTHQUAKE
HAZARD
EARTHQU
AKE
EARTHQUAKE
-IS THE SUDDEN OR RAPID
SHAKING OF THE GROUND
DUE TO THE RELEASE OF
POTENTIAL ENERGY
STORED IN ROCKS.
Philippine Institute of
Volcanology and Seismology
(PHIVOLCS)
• is the service institute of the
Department of Science and Technology
(DOST) that is mandated to monitor
and study disasters that may be
caused by earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions, and other geotectonic
phenomena
SEISMOLOGY

- The scientific study of earthquake

SEISMOGRAPH

- The instrument used in recording seismic

waves
SEISMOGRAM

- The record of this ground shaking

SEISMOGRAPH
FOCUS

• origin of the earthquake deed Down the crust,

EPICENTER

• The location in the SUrface directly above the focus or

hypocenter is called the epicenter.

• Violent shaking occurs in the EPICENTER

• As the distance from the focus and epicenter increases, the
shaking of the ground decreases.
AN EARTHQUAKE CAN BE DESCRIBED THROUGH ITS
MAGNITUDE AND INTENSITY

MAGNITUDE - is an estimate of the amount of energy

released at the focus or origin of the earthquake.

Richter scale - is used for the quantitative measure of

the earthquake’s magnitude, and it is reported in Arabic
numerals
(EX. MAGNITUDE 6.7 OR 7.4)
• The higher the number, the greater is the
magnitude of the earthquake.
• The strongest ever recorded magnitude of
an earthquake was 9.5 which occurred in
1960 in Chile, South America according to
United States Geological Survey (USGS).

INTENSITY - refers to the degree of shaking or the severity of

its effects on the earth’s surface.

These are reported in Roman Numerals

(ex. Intensity Scale of VIII or IX).
AFTERSHOCKS

- smaller earthquakes that occur after a major

or main earthquake.
Earthquak
e Hazards
and its
Effects
WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS POTENTIAL
EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS AND THEIR EFFECTS?

Ground Ground Rupture Liquefaction Landslide

Shaking (surface faulting or
surface rupture)
WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS POTENTIAL EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS
AND THEIR EFFECTS?

Tsunami Fire
1. GROUND SHAKING

• Up-down and lateral movement or

vibration of the ground
• Caused by the passage of body and
surface seismic waves
1. GROUND SHAKING

Intensity of ground shaking depends on:

• Magnitude of an earthquake: the greater the
magnitude, the greate the severity of the
ground shaking
• Distance from the epicenter: The greatest severity
of the ground shaking is near the epicenter, and
decreases away from the epicenter
1. GROUND SHAKING

Intensity of ground shaking depends on:

• Geologic condition of the area: a loose
unconsolidated sediment is prone to more
severe ground shaking
1. GROUND SHAKING

Negative Impact:
• Buildings vibrate (shake) as a result of ground
shaking
• Buildings and other structures that can’t
withstand ground shaking can have damages, can
be destroyed, or can collapse
• Can cause landslide and liquefaction
2. GROUND RUPTURE (SURFACE FAULTING
OR SURFACE RUPTURE)
• The offset or deformation of the land surface due
to movement of the fault
• This geologic phenomenon commonly happens in
shallow earthquakes
2. GROUND RUPTURE (SURFACE FAULTING
OR SURFACE RUPTURE)
Negative Impact:
• Ground cracks
• Many structures can have damages such as
houses, commercial buildings, bridges, roads and
highways, tunnels and canals
• Structures present across fault zones can collapse
3. LIQUEFACTION
• It happens when ground shaking due to moderate
or intense earthquake results to the mixing of
body of sediments (sand or soil) and ground
water, and as a consequence, the ground
becomes soft and could no longer support
structures that will eventually sink or tilt

• It can lead to ground failure

3. LIQUEFACTION

Negative Impact:
• Ground failure
• Weakened support to building foundations which
may eventually sink or tilt
• Buildings or structures in the liquefactionprone
area can have extensive damages
4. LANDSLIDE

• It is a mass movement rocks, soil and debris down

the slope primarily due to the action of gravity.
However, landslides can also be triggered by
moderate and strong earthquakes
4. LANDSLIDE

Negative Impact:
• Erosion
• Destruction of buildings and other structures
• Landslides can partially or completely block
sections of roads
5. TSUNAMI
• The word means “harbor waves” in Japanese, is a
series of waves generated by an earthquake that
occurs below or near the ocean floor
• It can also be generated by volcanic eruption,
landslide, meteorite or asteroid impact displacing
the water in the ocean.
• Tsunamis are different from tidal waves.
• Tsunami is also different from storm surge.
5. TSUNAMI

Negative Impact:
• Coastlines or coastal areas are vulnerable to
tsunamis.
• The height of tsunami waves can reach more than
5 meters causing the destruction of properties
and loss of lives
• Rapid, violent flooding in communities near
coastal areas
6. FIRE

• It is associated with broken gas pipes and

damaged electrical lines as a result of
damages caused by ground shaking to
buildings and other infrastructures.
6. FIRE

Negative Impact:
• Destruction of properties and loss of lives
TWO TYPES OF TSUNAMI
1. Local tsunami – is generated within a hundred
kilometers from the source and is confined to
coasts. This type of tsunami is caused by
earthquakes and landslides, or a pyroclastic flow

2. Far field or Distant tsunami – tsunami waves that

can travel from 1 to 24 hours before reaching the
coastlines of the nearby countries.
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT SIGNS OF
AN IMPENDING TSUNAMI?
• If an earthquake occurs in the coastal region and it
originated from the oceanic crust, a possible
tsunami can take place

• Rapid fall in sea level may happen as the ocean water

withdraws from the coastline. After the water retreats,
there is an abrupt surge of water towards the coastline.

• Unusual roaring sound which could be an approaching

tsunami.
A WARM
THANK YOU
TO ALL OF YOU!
-POWERPUFFGURLS